Background. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) published clinical guidelines in 2006 defining urgent referral criteria for soft tissue sarcoma to help improve the diagnostic accuracy and overall outcome. Despite these guidelines inadvertent excisions of soft tissue sarcomas continue to occur with alarming frequency potentially compromising patient outcomes. Objective. We reviewed the East Midlands Sarcoma Service experience of treating inadvertent excision of STSs and highlight the patient profile, referral pattern, subsequent management and oncological outcome associated with inadvertent resection. Methods. Patients were identified from our sarcoma database and a retrospective case note review performed. Results. Over a period of 32 months, 42 patients presented to our specialist centre after unplanned excision of soft tissue sarcomas. There were 29 men and 13 women, with a mean age at presentation of 59 years (19-90). 50% of the tumours were located in lower extremity, 33% around the trunk and 17% in the upper extremity. The unplanned surgery was most commonly from general surgeons, non-specialist orthopaedic surgeons, general practitioners followed by plastic surgeons. Re-resection was undertaken in 40 (95.2%) cases to achieve clear margins. Residual tumour was present in 74% of cases. Resected specimen histology was high grade in 90% of cases. Limb salvage surgery was not possible in 4 cases. Conclusion. Unplanned excision of sarcoma by non-oncologic surgeons remains a problem. It appears that it is equally prevalent in varied surgical community and general practitioners. Patients with soft tissue masses of unknown identity should be appropriately imaged and if the diagnosis remains unclear be transferred to centres that specialize in treating sarcomas for biopsy and adequate initial resection. Implementation of NICE guidelines and local strategies could improve the expedient management of these patients

Introduction. Primary soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities are uncommon. Many such lesions will present to specialists in other clinics such as specialist Hand or Foot and Ankle clinics. Many are of a small size at presentation and may appear to be alternate, more common pathology. Methods. We collected data from all those patients with acral soft tissues sarcomas and referred to the Oxford Sarcoma Service, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford over a thirteen year period from 1997 – 2010. Data were collected regarding the primary suspected diagnosis, the final diagnosis, the referral route and whether patients had undergone previous inadvertent excision. Results. 38 patients were treated (24 foot, 14 hand tumours). The commonest histological subtype was synovial sarcoma in the foot group, and leiomyosarcoma in the hand group. 25 of the 38 patients had a lesion of less than 5cm at presentation. For those patients in whom a wide excision was performed 50% underwent complex plastic surgical reconstruction. Discussion. This study shows that 30% of patients with acral tumours required further surgery due to previous inadequate/inadvertent excision. 5cm as a benchmark for specialist referral should not be applied to lesions in the hand or feet and we recommend the use of the “marble rule” i.e. any lesion the size of a marble should be referred urgently and no patient should undergo surgery without imaging

Earlier diagnosis is one of the key aims in achieving improved outcomes for patients with cancer. In general, the earlier a tumour is diagnosed, the easier it will be to treat and the greater the chance of cure. We have investigated how tumour size at diagnosis and duration of symptoms, both of which may act as a proxy for delay in diagnosis have varied over a 25 year period and whether there is evidence of improvement. Data were available for 2568 patients with primary bone sarcomas and 2366 with soft tissue sarcomas. The mean size at diagnosis was 10.7 cm for bone tumours and 9.9cm for soft tissue sarcomas. The size of bone sarcomas had not changed with the passage of time but there had been a slight decrease in the size of soft tissue sarcomas (10.3 cm before 2000 vs 9.6cm after 2000, p=0.03). The duration of symptoms reported by patients varied widely with a median of 16 weeks for bone sarcomas and 26 weeks for soft tissue sarcomas. The median duration of symptoms for bone sarcomas had actually increased since 2000 (16 weeks before to 20 weeks after 2000, p⋋0.01), whilst it remained unchanged for soft tissue sarcomas. Further analysis showed that females tended to present with smaller tumours than males and that slower growing tumours (eg. liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma) tended to be larger and have a longer duration of symptoms than other tumours. 15% of patients with a soft tissue sarcoma had undergone a previous inadvertent excision – and this % has not changed over 20 years. Younger patients had smaller soft tissue soft tissue sarcomas than older patients but there was little difference for bone sarcomas. Conclusion. This data shows there is huge room for improvement

Early diagnosis is assumed to improve patient survival, but whether symptom interval (SI i.e. the period between the onset of the first symptoms signs of the disease and its definitive diagnosis) has significant impact on outcome or not remain unclear. Methods. In a series of 575 patients < 21 years of age with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) we investigated the association patterns between SI patient/tumour characteristics or disease outcome. The analysis was based on multivariate models (linear for association's patient/tumour characteristics and Cox's for survival). Results. The SI ranged between one week and 60 months (median 2 months) and tended to be longer the older the patient (i.e. the interval was longer in adolescents than in children) and the larger tumour's size and for tumours located at the extremities and for “non rhabmomio sarcoma” STS (as opposed to rhabmomio sarcomas). A longer SI unfavourably influenced survival (p=0.002): for SI of 1, 12 and 24 months, the 5-year survival for rhabmomio sarcoma was 65%, 46% and 19% respectively. A different pattern of association between SI and survival emerged for different types of STS histology. Conclusion. Our study shows that sarcoma-specific mortality increased with longer SI. This was far from obvious or expected. The independent prognostic effect of SI cannot be explained by its associations with other factors, such as patient's age (Adolescents having the longest diagnostic delays) or site, size (large tumour may be indicative, to some degree at least, of a late diagnosis) stage and histology of the tumour. Future studies should focus more on the possible cause of SI in pediatric STS populations to enable corrective measures to be implemented to reduce the diagnostic delay

Introduction. Tissue diagnosis is essential to direct the definitive management of a suspected soft tissue or bone sarcoma tissue. Knowledge of both the diagnostic yield and accuracy of core needle biopsies is therefore important to give the investigating team information on the likelihood of their initial investigations achieving a diagnosis. Methods. This is a retrospective study of patients referred to a specialist orthopaedic centre for investigation of a suspected soft tissue or bone sarcoma. Details of all core needle biopsies performed in a 13-month period were obtained from the hospital database. We defined a diagnostic biopsy as either a specific tissue diagnosis or a biopsy that decided the definitive management of the patient, specifically if malignancy was excluded and no further intervention was required, to calculate the diagnostic yield. Diagnostic accuracy was established by comparing histological diagnosis at biopsy to that at final excision. Results. The overall diagnostic yield of the biopsies performed was 85% (125 of 148 biopsies) and the diagnostic accuracy was 93% (77 of 83). The diagnostic yield of soft tissue lesions was 93% (79 of 85) and accuracy 98%. For bone lesions the diagnostic yield was 73% (46 of 73) and accuracy was 85%. Discussion. Knowing the diagnostic yield and accuracy of biopsies performed allows the investigating team to give patients and colleagues a figure detailing the likely success of a soft tissue or bone biopsy in being diagnostic. In addition this data provides the investigating team with information on specific biopsy types that are less likely to be diagnostic, such as bone lesions requiring CT guidance. These may benefit from another biopsy method to avoid delay in diagnosis and facilitate timely management

Introduction. Our Unit has been treating large volume soft tissue sarcomas involving the sciatic nerve with epineurectomy for over a decade. The aim of this study was to quantify the functional outcome of patients who were known to have sciatic nerve involvement pre-operatively and went on to have nerve preserving surgery utilising a planned marginal excision with epineurectomy. Methods. 20 patients with soft tissue sarcomas involving the sciatic nerve were studied treated between 1997 and 2010. Nineteen underwent surgery with extended epineurectomy of the sciatic nerve and planned marginal excision. All patients underwent staging and follow up at our Sarcoma Clinic with functional assessment and TESS evaluation. Results. There were sixteen low and four high-grade posterior thigh tumours of which nineteen were liposarcomas and one haemangiopericytoma. Two were recurrent and eighteen were primary. There were seven men and thirteen women with a mean age of 77 years. Nineteen patients underwent planned marginal excision. There was soft tissue reconstruction in three cases using fascial adductor or gracilis graft for sciatic nerve cover and one with superficial femoral nerve and vein resection requiring ipsilateral saphenous reconstruction. The remainder underwent direct primary reconstruction. Eight patients underwent post operative radiotherapy. There was no local recurrence of disease. There was one patient with post radiation wound necrosis that resolved. Four patients have died of unrelated causes. Discussion. Planned marginal excision (PME) of low grade large volume posterior thigh sarcomas with extensive sciatic nerve involvement can be successfully treated with preservation of the sciatic nerve without significant morbidity and excellent resultant limb function. Even with PME of high grade disease with adjuvant radiotherapy, there was no local recurrence. Whilst the procedure is technically demanding, providing strict surgical technique is employed, damage to the sciatic nerve is rare and leaves patients with an unimpaired future lifestyle

Aim. Grade is the most important predictor of the biological behaviour of soft tissue sarcomas. Assigning a pathologic grade is always a difficult task as discordance rate is 30-40% even among experienced sarcoma pathologists. Many of these tumours are heterogeneously large and only small fractions are sampled for biopsy. This emphasizes the need for an objective and accurate assessment of histology. Our aim is to evaluate the role of Choline as a tumour marker in (i) differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue tumour, (ii) to distinguish recurrent/residual tumours using in-vivo MR spectroscopy. Methods. PMRS Study was performed at 1.5Tesla MRI machine of the lesions in 25 patients. Single-voxel (SVS) study has been done in 10 cases and chemical shift imaging (CSI) study characterised the heterogeneity of the tumour in 15 cases by using point – resolved spectroscopic sequence (PRESS) with echo time TR=2000/TE = 30, 135 & 270 msec. The choline peak, identified at 3.2 ppm in spectra was considered significant. MRS results and histopathologic findings were correlated and P < 0.001, considered being significant. Results. Choline peak was found in 17 out of 17 patients with sarcomas where as three patient with benign and five treated sarcomas patients with no residual disease did not show any choline. In vivo spectroscopy here shows sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 100% each. In vivo spectroscopy shows sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 100% each where as preoperative biopsy shows 75%, 100%, 100%, 72.7% and 85% respectively. Conclusion. Choline peak in PMRS study can predict the grade, margin status and tumour activity in recurrent and/or residual tumour. A major study should be done to validate its efficacy for routine use in oncology

Aim. Grade is the most important predictor of the biological behaviour of soft tissue sarcomas. Assigning a pathologic grade is always a difficult task as discordance rate is 30-40% even among experienced sarcoma pathologists. Many of these tumours are heterogeneously large and only small fractions are sampled for biopsy. This emphasizes the need for an objective and accurate assessment of histology. Our aim is to evaluate the role of Choline as a tumour marker in (i) differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue tumour, (ii) to distinguish recurrent/residual tumours using in-vivo MR spectroscopy. Methods. PMRS Study was performed at 1.5Tesla MRI machine of the lesions in 25 patients. Single-voxel (SVS) study has been done in 10 cases and chemical shift imaging (CSI) study characterised the heterogeneity of the tumour in 15 cases by using point – resolved spectroscopic sequence (PRESS) with echo time TR=2000/TE = 30, 135 & 270 msec. The choline peak, identified at 3.2 ppm in spectra was considered significant. MRS results and histopathologic findings were correlated and P < 0.001, considered being significant. Results. Choline peak was found in 17 out of 17 patients with sarcomas where as three patient with benign and five treated sarcomas patients with no residual disease did not show any choline. In vivo spectroscopy here shows sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 100% each. In vivo spectroscopy shows sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 100% each where as preoperative biopsy shows 75%, 100%, 100%, 72.7% and 85% respectively. Conclusion. Choline peak in PMRS study can predict the grade, margin status and tumour activity in recurrent and/or residual tumour. A major study should be done to validate its efficacy for routine use in oncology

Aim. While the association of surgery and radiation therapy in high grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) of extremities is considered the “golden standard”, there is not international agreement regarding type, timing, overall dose of radiation, and size, site and histology of tumours to be irradiated. A similar consideration is about low grade STS. The aim of our paper is critically reconsider our experience, trough a retrospective analysis of 15 years experience. This in order to propose a perspective protocol of treatment of high and low grade STS, in order to minimize the late complication rate. Method. From January 1994 to June 2009 we have operated in our Centre 976 patients affected by STS of extremities and superficial trunk. They were 741 High grade STS (76%), and 235 Low grade STS (24%). The most represented histotype was Liposarcoma (239) followed by Leiomyosarcoma (150) and synovial sarcoma (94). Regarding tumour site, upper limb was involved in 255 cases, lower limb in 679, superficial trunk in 42; regarding tumor size, 323 where less than 5 cm, 386 where between 5 and 10 cm and 267 where more than 10 cm. Radiation therapy was utilized in 447 cases (46%): 83 patients had a low grade STS, 364 a high grade STS. Result and Conclusion. At an average follow up of 6 years, we statistically analyzed both the overall group of 976 patients and the single group of irradiated and not irradiated STS patients, focusing on local recurrence rate by size, site, grade, histology etc. After this, we analyzed the overall rate of complications due to surgery and to radiotherapy (infection, scar slough, bone fracture etc). After this analysis, our actual trend is to try to limit the indications to radiation therapy, in order to reduce the complication rate (overall 74 cases, 17%)

We describe the functional results in 14 patients (7 men, 7 women) after subtotal scapulectomy for primary bone and soft-tissue tumours at a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit. Eight had chondrosarcomas, two Ewing’s sarcomas, one aggressive fibromatosis and three soft-tissue sarcomas. The mean follow-up was 52 months (6 to 120). Analysis of residual symptoms and of range and strength of movement by physicians used the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society rating scale (MSTS). Physical disability was measured by the patients using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS).

All 14 patients are still alive, two with systemic disease. Nine had more than 80% of their scapula resected but the glenohumeral joint was preserved in all cases. Eight had full movement and another two achieved 90° of flexion. The mean functional results were good to excellent in all except three patients (mean MSTS = 71.6 and TESS = 79.9). Two of these three patients had considerable pain as a result of brachial neuropathy.

Scapulectomy gives an excellent functional result if the glenohumeral joint is preserved. The rotator cuff could be removed without a severe functional deficit provided that the deltoid was reattached to the scapular remnant and the trapezius.

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the results of a series of cases from a single institution with respect to local disease control and patient survival to determine prognostic factors.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical management and outcome of patients with an acral soft-tissue sarcoma of the hand or foot.

Aims. Survival rates and local control after resection of a sarcoma of the pelvis compare poorly to those of the limbs and have a high incidence of complications. The outcome for patients who need a hindquarter amputation (HQA) to treat a pelvic sarcoma is poor. Our aim was to evaluate the patient, tumour, and reconstructive factors that affect the survival of the patients who undergo HQA for primary or recurrent pelvic sarcoma. Methods. We carried out a retrospective review of all sarcoma patients who had undergone a HQA in a supraregional sarcoma unit between 1996 and 2018. Outcomes included oncological, surgical, and survival characteristics. Results. A total of 136 patients, with a mean age of 51 (12 to 83) underwent HQA, 91 for a bone sarcoma and 45 for a soft tissue sarcoma. The overall survival (OS) after primary HQA for a bone sarcoma was 90.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 64.1 to 117.2). In patients undergoing a secondary salvage HQA it was 90.3 months (95% CI 58.1 to 122.5) (p = 0.727). For those treated for a soft tissue sarcoma (STS), the mean OS was 59.3 months (95% CI 31.1 to 88.6) for patients with a primary HQA, and 12.5 months (95% CI 9.4 to 15.5) for those undergoing a secondary salvage HQA (p = 0.038). On multivariate analysis, high histological grade (hazard ratio (HR) 2.033, 95% CI 1.127 to 3.676; p = 0.018) and a diagnosis of STS (HR 1.653, 95% CI 1.027 to 2.660; p = 0.039) were associated with a poor prognosis. The 30-day mortality for patients with curative intent was 0.8% (1/128). For those in whom surgery was carried out with palliative intent it was 33.3% (2/6) (p = 0.001). In total, 53.7% (n = 73) of patients had at least one complication with 23.5% (n = 32) requiring at least one further operation. Direct closure was inferior to flap reconstruction in terms of complete primary wound healing (60.0% (3/5) vs 82.0% (82/100); p = 0.023). Conclusion. In carefully selected patients HQA is associated with satisfactory overall survival, with a low risk of perioperative mortality, but considerable morbidity. However, caution must be exercised when considering the procedure for palliation due to the high incidence of early postoperative mortality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):788–794

Aims. Patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) who undergo unplanned excision (UE) are reported to have worse outcomes than those who undergo planned excision (PE). However, others have reported that patients who undergo UE may have similar or improved outcomes. These discrepancies are likely to be due to differences in characteristics between the two groups of patients. The aim of the study is to compare patients who underwent UE and PE using propensity score matching, by analyzing data from the Japanese Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor (BSTT) registry. Methods. Data from 2006 to 2016 was obtained from the BSTT registry. Only patients with STS of the limb were included in the study. Patients with distant metastasis at the initial presentation and patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and well-differentiated liposarcoma were excluded from the study. Results. A total of 4,483 patients with STS of the limb were identified before propensity score matching. There were 355 patients who underwent UE and 4,128 patients who underwent PE. The five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was significantly better in the patients who received additional excision after UE than in those who underwent PE. There was no significant difference in local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) between the two groups. After propensity score matching, a new cohort of 355 patients was created for both PE and UE groups, in which baseline covariates were appropriately balanced. Reconstruction after tumour excision was frequently performed in patients who underwent additional excision after UE. There were no significant differences in DSS and LRFS between the patients who underwent PE and those who had an additional excision after UE. Conclusion. Using propensity score matching, patients with STS of the limb who underwent additional excision after UE did not experience higher mortality and local failure than those who underwent PE. Reconstruction may be necessary when additional excision is performed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1809–1814

Aims. Local recurrence remains a challenging and common problem following curettage and joint-sparing surgery for giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). We previously reported a 15% local recurrence rate at a median follow-up of 30 months in 20 patients with high-risk GCTB treated with neoadjuvant Denosumab. The aim of this study was to determine if this initial favourable outcome following the use of Denosumab was maintained with longer follow-up. Methods. Patients with GCTB of the limb considered high-risk for unsuccessful joint salvage, due to minimal periarticular and subchondral bone, large soft tissue mass, or pathological fracture, were treated with Denosumab followed by extended intralesional curettage with the goal of preserving the joint surface. Patients were followed for local recurrence, metastasis, and secondary sarcoma. Results. A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 33.8 years (18 to 67) with high-risk GCTB received median six cycles of Denosumab before surgery. Tumours occurred most commonly around the knee (17/25, 68%). The median follow-up was 57 months (interquartile range (IQR) 13 to 88). The joint was salvaged in 23 patients (92%). Two required knee arthroplasty due to intra-articular fracture and arthritis. Local recurrence developed in 11 patients (44%) at a mean of 32.5 months (3 to 75) following surgery, of whom four underwent repeat curettage and joint salvage. One patient developed secondary osteosarcoma and another benign GCT lung metastases. Conclusion. The use of Denosumab for joint salvage was associated with a higher than expected rate of local recurrence at 44%. Neoadjuvant Denosumab for joint-sparing procedures should be considered with caution in light of these results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):184–191

Aims. The existing clinical guidelines do not describe a clear indication for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of superficial soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). We aimed to determine the efficacy of adjuvant RT for superficial STSs. Methods. We retrospectively studied 304 patients with superficial STS of the limbs and trunk who underwent surgical resection at a tertiary sarcoma centre. The efficacy of RT was investigated according to the tumour size and grade: group 1, ≤ 5 cm, low grade; group 2, ≤ 5cm, high grade; group 3, > 5 cm, low grade; group 4, > 5 cm, high grade. Results. The five- and ten-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) for all patients was 88% and 81%, respectively. While the efficacy of adjuvant RT was not proven in local control of all patients (five-year LRFS; RT+, 90% versus RT-, 83%; p = 0.074), the LRFS was significantly improved by adjuvant RT in group 2 (five-year LRFS; RT+, 96% versus RT-, 82%; p = 0.019), and group 4 (five-year LRFS; RT+, 87% versus RT-, 73%; p = 0.027). In groups 2 and 4, adjuvant RT significantly reduced the LR risk if the resection margin was clear but less than 5 mm; the LR rate was 7% with adjuvant RT compared with 26% with surgery alone (p = 0.003). There was no statistical relationship with the use of adjuvant RT and survival in every group. Conclusion. Adjuvant RT reduces the risk of local recurrence in patients with superficial high-grade STS regardless of tumour size, especially when resection margin is less than 5 mm. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1088–1094

Background. Death within one year has been shown for some cancers to be an indicator of late presentation. They may have widespread disease by the time of diagnosis and many will have experienced delays in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to identify if this holds true for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Method. A prospective sarcoma database was used to identify all patients with a newly diagnosed bone or soft tissue sarcoma and to compare those who had died within one year with those who had survived for at least that time. Results. 5633 patients were included in the analysis of whom 3039 had a bone sarcoma and 2593 a soft tissue sarcoma. 839 patients (15%) died within one year of diagnosis, of whom 430 had a bone sarcoma (14%) and 409 a soft tissue sarcoma (16%). Significant differences (p⋋0.0001) were seen with age, size and metastases at diagnosis for bone sarcomas and age, size, symptom duration, metastases at diagnosis, a previous whoops excision and superficial tumours for soft tissue sarcomas. Conclusion. 15% of patients with a newly diagnosed sarcoma will be dead within one year. This appears to be associated with known poor prognostic factors (metastases at diagnosis, age and tumour size) and is not clearly associated with duration of symptoms. Whether it is a surrogate for delays in diagnosis has not been proved by this study

Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas represent approximately 1% of all malignant tumours. Delays in diagnosis are frequent and the average size of Sarcomas at diagnosis has averaged 10cm for many years. In 1999 guidance was produced by NICE with the aim of leading to the earlier diagnosis of common cancers – including Sarcomas. We have attempted to analyze whether this guidance has had any impact on either the size of the tumours at diagnosis or the symptom duration prior to diagnosis experienced by the patients. Data for patients referred to the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital in Birmingham between 1992 and 2007 with Bone Sarcomas (n=1592) and Soft Tissue Sarcomas (n=2004) were analysed to determine the effect of the guidance. For Bone Sarcomas the mean size of the tumours decreased from 11.2cm prior to the guidance to 10.7cm after the guidance but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.09). The mean duration of symptoms increased from 18 to 21.2 weeks (p=0.01). For Soft Tissue Sarcomas, mean size fell from 10.8cm to 9.5cm (p<0.001), however the duration of symptoms actually increased from 27.3 to 32.1 weeks (p=0.01). Statistical modelling using restricted cubic splines confirmed these trends in the data. These results show that whilst there may have been a slight improvement in the size at diagnosis of Soft Tissue Sarcomas, overall most patients still experience a long delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis and commencement of treatment. It is difficult to conclude that the early diagnosis guidance produced in 1999 has had a significant effect on the basis of this study. Strategies to improve awareness of the symptoms and clinical features of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas are still urgently required

Aims. The aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term outcome of surgery for bone or soft-tissue metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to determine factors that affect prognosis. Patients and Methods. Between 1993 and 2014, 58 patients underwent surgery for bone or soft-tissue metastases from RCC at our hospital. There were 46 men and 12 women with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 84). The mean follow-up period was 52 months (1 to 257). The surgical sites included the spine (33 patients), appendicular skeleton (ten patients), pelvis (eight patients), thorax (four patients), and soft tissue (three patients). The surgical procedures were en bloc metastasectomy in 46 patients (including 33 patients of total en bloc spondylectomy (TES)) and intralesional curettage in 12 patients. These patients were retrospectively evaluated for factors associated with prognosis. Results. The one-, three-, five-, ten-, and 15-year overall survival (OS) rates were 89%, 75%, 62%, 48%, and 25%, respectively. The median survival time (MST) was 127 months for en bloc metastasectomy and 54 months for intralesional curettage and bone grafting. The median survival time was 127 months for the spine, 140 months for lesions of the appendicular skeleton, and 54 months for the pelvis. Multivariate analysis showed that non-clear cell type RCC and metastases to more than two sites were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis. Conclusion. Patients with bone or soft-tissue metastases from a RCC have a reasonable prognosis, making surgical resection a viable option even in patients in whom the metastases are advanced. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1241–8

We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 33 consecutive patients who had undergone an extra-articular, total or partial scapulectomy for a malignant tumour of the shoulder girdle between 1 July 2001 and 30 September 2013. Of these, 26 had tumours which originated in the scapula or the adjacent soft tissue and underwent a classic Tikhoff–Linberg procedure, while seven with tumours arising from the proximal humerus were treated with a modified Tikhoff-Linberg operation. We used a Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System for soft-tissue reconstruction in nine patients, but not in the other 24. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS) was 17.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.9 to 19.4); 17.6 (95% CI 15.5 to 19.6) after the classic Tikhoff–Linberg procedure and 18.1 (95% CI 13.8 to 22.3) after the modified Tikhoff–Linberg procedure. Patients who had undergone a LARS soft-tissue reconstruction had a mean score of 18.6 (95% (CI) 13.9 to 22.4) compared with 17.2 (95% CI 15.5 to 19.0) for those who did not. The Tikhoff–Linberg procedure is a useful method for wide resection of a malignant tumour of the shoulder girdle which helps to preserve hand and elbow function. The method of soft-tissue reconstruction has no effect on functional outcome. . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:684–90