Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is commonly performed and has been for many years. Despite this, the technical details related to ACL anatomy, such as tunnel placement, are still a topic for debate. In this paper, we introduce the flat ribbon concept of the anatomy of the ACL, and its relevance to clinical practice.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1020–6.

There is no doubt that the closed body-exhaust system plays an important role in reducing infection rate in total hip arthroplasty. This demands a secure body-exhaust air hose. The current method in securing the air hose by tying the hose ribbons around the waist often fails to hold the hose in place. Soon after the operation begins; the hose that is secured to the body starts to migrate its way up to reach the surgeon’s neck. This will inevitably undermine the effectiveness of the body exhaust system, interfere with the sterility of the surgeon’s gown, and cause discomfort to the arthroplasty surgeon. A new and simple method is described to stop the body exhaust pipe from slipping and migrating up the surgeon’s body. The surgeon’s own buttocks are used to anchor the hose tapes instead of fastening the air hose ribbons around the surgeon’s waist. The new method of using the surgeons buttocks as anchors to secure the body-exhaust hose in place can improve the effectiveness of the body exhaust system and raise its potential to the maximum without causing any discomfort to the surgeon or jeopardise the sterility of the surgeons clothing

The Universal Clamp (U-Clamp) is based in a sub-laminar ribbon and one titanium clamp. The ribbon is passed under the lamina and the clamp is fixed to the rod. The correction is obtained in a very similar way to the old Luque system. This system allows a gradual force of traction on the lamina (translation) like the Luque’s type system without some of its inconvenience (pullout, the irritation that the tip of wires could cause in the soft tissue, not compatible with the MRI). But also added some advantages, such us a higher capability of traction force, and we can perform the MRI after surgery. And in some severe cases, that in the past we had to do in the same patient, an anterior and a posterior approach, now we can achieve the same amount of correction using only posterior approach with the U-Clamps. Our department acquired, throughout more than two decades, a wide experience in the surgical correction of the most severe deformities of the spine, using the sub-laminar steel wiring (Luque’s technique). Although we got satisfactory results, the system had some problems that we already mentioned. The new systems using pedicle screws with or without hooks (considered by most spine surgeons as the “gold standard”) have also some limitations comparing with the Luque system, as Vora, Lenke and al. showed (“Spine” Jan. 2008). It causes frequently hypokyphosis. We tried a hybrid system to correct the spine deformities in the adolescent and children, some with severe curves. Since January 2007, 42 patients were operated using proximal hooks and distal screws and the “U-Clamp” in the apex. In our series the mean age was 15 years old, the youngest was 8 and the oldest 19. Most of them were girls (33). The most common aetiology was AIS (24), three were Cerebral Palsy and the rest had different aetiologies. The instrumentation we used was Incompass. ®. (23) or CD Legacy. ®. (14). The mean deformity angle before surgery was 78.81° (measured by Cobb method), with the maximum deformity 117° and minimum 53°. After correction the mean angle of deformity was 38.56 (maximum 77 e minimum 18). The preoperative flexibility (PF) (%) was 21.56. The postoperative correction (POC) (%) was 52.42. And the Cincinnati correction index (CCI) (%) was 3.7. Comparing our patients with the Vora, Lenke and al. (Spine Jan. 2008), our patients had a more severe deformity and where more stiff with the CCI=3.7 (Vora and Lenke, CCI < 1.95). This new system allows much greater correcting force over the lamina with less wire pullout. Also it doesn’t have the inconvenience of the steel wire if we need to study the patient after surgery with a MRI. The Kyphosis is preserved with this system contrary to the all screw construct. This system has its place in the spine instrumentation, namely, in situations where the deformity is severe and the osteoporosis is important

Aims

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common skeletal system disease that has been partly attributed to genetic variation. However, the correlation between genetic variation and pathological changes in LSS is insufficient, and it is difficult to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Aims

Degenerative cervical spondylosis (DCS) is a common musculoskeletal disease that encompasses a wide range of progressive degenerative changes and affects all components of the cervical spine. DCS imposes very large social and economic burdens. However, its genetic basis remains elusive.

Aims

In the 1990s, a bioactive bone cement (BABC) containing apatite-wollastonite glass-ceramic (AW-GC) powder and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate resin was developed at our hospital. In 1996, we used BABC to fix the acetabular component in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 20 patients as part of a clinical trial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term results of primary THA using BABC.

Aims

We present the clinical and radiological results at a minimum follow-up of five years for patients who have undergone multiple cement-in-cement revisions of their femoral component at revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).

This annotation considers the place of extra-articular reconstruction in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Extra-articular reconstruction has been employed over the last century to address ACL deficiency. However, the technique has not gained favour, primarily due to residual instability and the subsequent development of degenerative changes in the lateral compartment of the knee. Thus intra-articular reconstruction has become the technique of choice. However, intra-articular reconstruction does not restore normal knee kinematics. Some authors have recommended extra-articular reconstruction in conjunction with an intra-articular technique.

The anatomy and biomechanics of the anterolateral structures of the knee remain largely undetermined. Further studies to establish the structure and function of the anterolateral structures may lead to more anatomical extra-articular reconstruction techniques that supplement intra-articular reconstruction. This might reduce residual pivot shift after an intra-articular reconstruction and thus improve the post-operative kinematics of the knee.

Crescent fracture dislocations are a well-recognised subset of pelvic ring injuries which result from a lateral compression force. They are characterised by disruption of the sacroiliac joint and extend proximally as a fracture of the posterior iliac wing. We describe a classification with three distinct types. Type I is characterised by a large crescent fragment and the dislocation comprises no more than one-third of the sacroiliac joint, which is typically inferior. Type II fractures are associated with an intermediate-size crescent fragment and the dislocation comprises between one- and two-thirds of the joint. Type III fractures are associated with a small crescent fragment where the dislocation comprises most, but not all of the joint. The principal goals of surgical intervention are the accurate and stable reduction of the sacroiliac joint. This classification proves useful in the selection of both the surgical approach and the reduction technique. A total of 16 patients were managed according to this classification and achieved good functional results approximately two years from the time of the index injury. Confounding factors compromise the summary short-form-36 and musculoskeletal functional assessment instrument scores, which is a well-recognised phenomenon when reporting the outcome of high-energy trauma.

The subject of central nervous system damage includes a wide variety of problems, from the slow selective ‘picking off’ of characteristic sub-populations of neurons typical of neurodegenerative diseases, to the wholesale destruction of areas of brain and spinal cord seen in traumatic injury and stroke. Experimental repair strategies are diverse and the type of pathology dictates which approach will be appropriate. Damage may be to grey matter (loss of neurons), white matter (cutting of axons, leaving neurons otherwise intact, at least initially) or both. This review will consider four possible forms of treatment for repair of the human central nervous system.