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The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological outcomes of manual versus robotic-assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

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The purpose of our study was three fold; firstly to assess the survival of closing wedge high tibial osteotomies (CWHTO), secondly to assess any clinical factors or radiological alignment which may affect survival and thirdly to assess the change in tibial inclination and patella height.

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To evaluate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) accelerates bone healing at osteotomy sites and promotes functional recovery after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO).

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Conflicting clinical results are reported for the ATTUNE Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated five-year follow-up results comparing cemented ATTUNE and PFC-Sigma cruciate retaining TKAs, analyzing component migration as measured by radiostereometric analysis (RSA), clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and radiological outcomes.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome between the first and second knee replacement in patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods. A prospective database of outcomes of knee replacements performed at Broadgreen Hospital was commenced in 2003. Data is collected pre operatively, 3 and 12 months post operatively and every two years thereafter. We identified 64 patients (26 male, 38 female) who had bilateral knee replacements and had at least one year post operative outcome studies. Data on pain scores, walking ability (score 1-6), use of walking aids (score 1-6), range of movement, instability, muscle strength, WOMAC scores, SF-12 scores, the Knee Society Radiological Score and length of hospital stay were identified. We compared data between the first and second knee operation. Results. Groups remained statistically comparable between the 1st and 2nd operation. Average score for post op walking ability was 4.83 (2. nd. knee) vs 4.51 (1. st. knee) (p=0.03). Average score for post op walking aid requirement was 5.73 (2. nd. knee) vs 5.46 (1. st. knee) (p=0.01). Patient's post op SF-12 scores were 54.26 (2. nd. knee) vs 52.45 (1. st. knee) (p=0.04). Average hospital stay was 4.73 (2. nd. Knee) vs 6.06 (1. st. knee) (p=0.05). All other data comparison was statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Patients have reduced hospital stay and continue to improve after the second procedure with regards to walking ability, use of walking aids and psychological well being. This may be because having the worst knee replaced first means improved walking ability and decreased need for walking aids after the second operation. Also patients have already experienced one knee replacement and therefore are less apprehensive and more familiar with the post operative physiotherapy and rehabilitation programme

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Varus-valgus constrained (VVC) devices are typically used in revision settings, often with stems to mitigate the risk of aseptic loosening. However, in at least one system, the VVC insert is compatible with the primary posterior-stabilized (PS) femoral component, which may be an option in complex primary situations. We sought to determine the implant survivorship, radiological and clinical outcomes, and complications when this VVC insert was coupled with a PS femur without stems in complex primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).

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Vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene (E1) has recently been introduced in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). An in vitro wear simulator study showed that E1 reduced polyethylene wear. However there is no published information regarding in vivo wear. Previous reports suggest that newly introduced materials which reduce in vitro polyethylene wear do not necessarily reduce in vivo polyethylene wear. To assist in the evaluation of the newly introduced material before widespread use, we established an in vivo polyethylene wear particle analysis for TKA. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo polyethylene wear particle generation between E1 and conventional polyethylene (ArCom) in TKA.

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A significant percentage of patients remain dissatisfied after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether the sequential addition of accelerometer-based navigation for femoral component preparation and sensor-guided ligament balancing improved complication rates, radiological alignment, or patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) compared with a historical control group using conventional instrumentation.

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Knee osteonecrosis in advanced stages may lead to joint degeneration. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteonecrosis has traditionally been associated with suboptimal results. We analyzed outcomes of contemporary TKAs for osteonecrosis, with particular emphasis on: survivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, and any reoperation plus the clinical outcomes, complications, and radiological results.

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The aim of this study was to report the outcome of femoral condylar fresh osteochondral allografts (FOCA) with concomitant realignment osteotomy with a focus on graft survivorship, complications, reoperation, and function.

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The primary aim of this study was to determine the surgical team’s learning curve for introducing robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) into routine surgical practice. The secondary objective was to compare accuracy of implant positioning in conventional jig-based UKA versus robotic-arm assisted UKA.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome of patients who suffer recurrent injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after reconstruction and require revision surgery.

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Oxidised zirconium was introduced as a material for femoral components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as an attempt to reduce polyethylene wear. However, the long-term survival of this component is not known.

This review considers the surgical treatment of displaced fractures involving the knee in elderly, osteoporotic patients. The goals of treatment include pain control, early mobilisation, avoidance of complications and minimising the need for further surgery. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) frequently results in loss of reduction, which can result in post-traumatic arthritis and the occasional conversion to total knee replacement (TKR). TKR after failed internal fixation is challenging, with modest functional outcomes and high complication rates. TKR undertaken as treatment of the initial fracture has better results to late TKR, but does not match the outcome of primary TKR without complications. Given the relatively infrequent need for late TKR following failed fixation, ORIF is the preferred management for most cases. Early TKR can be considered for those patients with pre-existing arthritis, bicondylar femoral fractures, those who would be unable to comply with weight-bearing restrictions, or where a single definitive procedure is required.

We continued a prospective longitudinal follow-up study of 53 remaining patients who underwent open total meniscectomy as adolescents and who at that time had no other intra-articular pathology of the knee. Their clinical, radiological and patient-reported outcomes are described at a mean follow-up of 40 years (33 to 50). The cohort of patients who had undergone radiological evaluation previously after 30 years were invited for clinical examination, radiological evaluation and review using two patient-reported outcome measures.

A total of seven patients (13.2%) had already undergone total knee replacement at the time of follow-up. A significant difference was observed between the operated and non-operated knee in terms of range of movement and osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint, indicating a greater than fourfold relative risk of osteoarthritis at 40 years post-operatively. All patients were symptomatic as defined by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score.

This study represents the longest follow-up to date and it can be concluded that meniscectomy leads to symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee later in life, with a resultant 132-fold increase in the rate of total knee replacement in comparison to their geographical and age-matched peers.

We present the ten- to 15-year follow-up of 31 patients (34 knees), who underwent an Elmslie-Trillat tibial tubercle osteotomy for chronic, severe patellar instability, unresponsive to non-operative treatment. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 31 years (18 to 46) and they were reviewed post-operatively, at four years (2 to 8) and then at 12 years (10 to 15). All patients had pre-operative knee radiographs and Cox and Insall knee scores. Superolateral portal arthroscopy was performed per-operatively to document chondral damage and after the osteotomy to assess the stability of the patellofemoral joint. A total of 28 knees (82%) had a varying degree of damage to the articular surface. At final follow-up 25 patients (28 knees) were available for review and underwent clinical examination, radiographs of the knee, and Cox and Insall scoring. Six patients who had no arthroscopic chondral abnormality showed no or only early signs of osteoarthritis on final radiographs; while 12 patients with lower grade chondral damage (grade 1 to 2) showed early to moderate signs of osteoarthritis and six out of ten knees with higher grade chondral damage (grade 3 to 4) showed marked evidence of osteoarthritis; four of these had undergone a knee replacement. In the 22 patients (24 knees) with complete follow-up, 19 knees (79.2%) were reported to have a good or excellent outcome at four years, while 15 knees (62.5%) were reported to have the same at long-term follow-up. The functional and radiological results show that the extent of pre-operatively sustained chondral damage is directly related to the subsequent development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:478–85.

The Cementless Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (OUKR) was developed to address problems related to cementation, and has been demonstrated in a randomised study to have similar clinical outcomes with fewer radiolucencies than observed with the cemented device. However, before its widespread use it is necessary to clarify contraindications and assess the complications. This requires a larger study than any previously published.

We present a prospective multicentre series of 1000 cementless OUKRs in 881 patients at a minimum follow-up of one year. All patients had radiological assessment aligned to the bone–implant interfaces and clinical scores. Analysis was performed at a mean of 38.2 months (19 to 88) following surgery. A total of 17 patients died (comprising 19 knees (1.9%)), none as a result of surgery; there were no tibial or femoral loosenings. A total of 19 knees (1.9%) had significant implant-related complications or required revision. Implant survival at six years was 97.2%, and there was a partial radiolucency at the bone–implant interface in 72 knees (8.9%), with no complete radiolucencies. There was no significant increase in complication rate compared with cemented fixation (p = 0.87), and no specific contraindications to cementless fixation were identified.

Cementless OUKR appears to be safe and reproducible in patients with end-stage anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee, with radiological evidence of improved fixation compared with previous reports using cemented fixation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:181–7.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic removal of unstable osteochondral lesions with subchondral drilling in the lateral femoral condyle. We reviewed the outcome of 23 patients (28 knees) with stage III or IV osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the lateral femoral condyle at a mean follow-up of 14 years (10 to 19). The functional clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm score, which improved from a mean of 38.1 (sd 3.5) pre-operatively to a mean of 87.3 (sd 5.4) at the most recent review (p = 0.034), and the Tegner activity score, which improved from a pre-operative median of 2 (0 to 3) to a median of 5 (3 to 7) at final follow-up (p = 0.021). The radiological degenerative changes were evaluated according to Tapper and Hoover’s classification and when compared with the pre-operative findings, one knee had grade 1, 22 knees had grade 2 and five knees had grade 3 degenerative changes. The overall outcomes were assessed using Hughston’s rating scale, where 19 knees were rated as good, four as fair and five as poor.

We found radiological evidence of degenerative changes in the third or fourth decade of life at a mean of 14 years after arthroscopic excision of the loose body and subchondral drilling for an unstable osteochondral lesion of the lateral femoral condyle. Clinical and functional results were more satisfactory.

Patients with skeletal dysplasia are prone to developing advanced osteoarthritis of the knee requiring total knee replacement (TKR) at a younger age than the general population. TKR in this unique group of patients is a technically demanding procedure owing to the deformity, flexion contracture, generalised hypotonia and ligamentous laxity. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 11 TKRs performed in eight patients with skeletal dysplasia at our institution using the Stanmore Modular Individualised Lower Extremity System (SMILES) custom-made rotating-hinge TKR. There were three men and five women with mean age of 57 years (41 to 79). Patients were followed clinically and radiologically for a mean of seven years (3 to 11.5). The mean Knee Society clinical and function scores improved from 24 (14 to 36) and 20 (5 to 40) pre-operatively, respectively, to 68 (28 to 80) and 50 (22 to 74), respectively, at final follow-up. Four complications were recorded, including a patellar fracture following a fall, a tibial peri-prosthetic fracture, persistent anterior knee pain, and aseptic loosening of a femoral component requiring revision. Our results demonstrate that custom primary rotating-hinge TKR in patients with skeletal dysplasia is effective at relieving pain, with a satisfactory range of movement and improved function. It compensates for bony deformity and ligament deficiency and reduces the likelihood of corrective osteotomy. Patellofemoral joint complications are frequent and functional outcome is worse than with primary TKR in the general population.