Objectives. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on measurement of
Introduction. Intra-articular injury has been described as primary cause of pain in hip dysplasia. At this point it is unknown whether external muscle-tendon related pain coexists with intra-articular pathology. The primary aim was to identify muscle-tendon related pain in 100 dysplasia patients. The secondary aim was to test if muscle-tendon related pain is linearly associated to self-reported hip disability and
Summary Statement. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) provides a convenient method for the estimation of whole body and segmental measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). BIA-measured SMM parameters may be effectively used for the normalisation of
Sarcopenia is an age-related geriatric syndrome which is associated with subsequent disability and morbidity. Currently there is no promising therapy approved for the treatment of sarcopenia. The receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor (RANK) are expressed in bone and skeletal muscle. Activation of the NF-κB pathway mainly inhibits myogenic differentiation, which leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction and loss. LYVE1 and CD206 positive macrophage has been reported to be associated with progressive impairment of skeletal muscle function with aging. The study aims to investigate the effects of an anti-RANKL treatment on sarcopenic skeletal muscle and explore the related mechanisms on muscle inflammation and the polarization status of macrophages. Sarcopenic senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice at month 8 were treated intraperitoneally with 5mg/kg anti-RANKL (IK22/5) or isotype control (2A3; Bio X Cell) antibody every 4 weeks and harvested at month 10. Senescence accelerated mouse resistant-1 (SAMR1) were collected at month 10 as the age-matched non-sarcopenic group. Ex-vivo functional assessment, grip strength and immunostaining of C/EBPa, CD206, F4/80, LYVE1 and PAX7 were performed. Data analysis was done with one-way ANOVA, and the significant level was set at p≤0.05. At month 10, tetanic force/specific tetanic force, twitch force/specific twitch force in anti-RANKL group were significantly higher than control group (all p<0.01). The mice in the anti-RANKL treatment group also showed significantly higher grip strength than Con group (p<0.001). The SAMP8 mice at month 10 expressed significantly more C/EBPa, CD206 and LYVE1 positive area than in SAMR1, while anti-RANKL treatment significantly decreased C/EBPa, CD206 and LYVE1 positive area. The anti-RANKL treatment protected against skeletal muscle dysfunctions through suppressing muscle inflammation and modulating M2 macrophages, which may represent a novel therapeutic approach for sarcopenia. Acknowledgment: Collaborative Research Fund (CRF, Ref: C4032-21GF)
To assess the relationship between mRNA expression of genetic markers of inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the vastus lateralis (VL) of the operated leg, and the strength of the operated leg quadriceps, in patients following THR. Following ethical approval, 10 patients were recruited prospectively. Distal VL (5cm proximal to lateral supra-patellar pouch) biopsies were obtained intraoperatively and at 6 weeks post-operatively, with maximal voluntary contraction of the operated leg quadriceps (MVCOLQ) in Newtons(N), assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks post-op. mRNA expression in the biopsies was assessed using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Relationships were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient (data not normally distributed).Aim
Methods
Introduction and Objective. Geriatric patients with a fragility fracture of the hip (FFH) are especially prone to sarcopenia with poor functional outcomes and quality of life. We assessed the prevalence of sarcopenia in older South African patients with FFH. Risk factors for sarcopenia were also investigated. Materials and Methods. From August 1 to November 30, 2018, all older patients with FFH were invited to participate. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Handgrip strength (HGS) and
The HIPGEN study funded under EU Horizon 2020 (Grant 7792939) has the aim to investigate the potential of the first regenerative cell therapy for the improvement of recovery after muscle injury in hip fracture patients. For this aim we intramuscularly injected placental derived mesenchymal stromal cells during hip fracture arthroplasty. Despite not having reached the primary endpoint, which was the Short Physical Performance Battery, we could observe an increase in abductor
Although remnant-preserved ACL reconstruction (ACLR) restores knee joint stability and dampens the problem of acute ACL rupture-induced knee pain, an increasing number of patients still develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after 10 to 15 years of ACLR. We previously found that remnant-preserved ACLR with concomitant medial and lateral meniscus repair may not prevent cartilage degeneration and weaken
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgery. However, patients' expectations have increased over the last two decades in regards to hip function after joint replacement, the patients assume to return their daily and sport activities without major limitations. This presentation will examine the effect of surgical approaches and implant designs as well as rehabilitation protocol on the clinical and biomechanical outcomes after THA. The new implant designs for THA aim to improve joint function whereas the surgical approaches intend to reduce muscle damage to regain
Introduction and Objective. Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although, being considered as the surgery of the century up to 23% of the patients report long-term pain and deficits in physical function and
Introduction and Objective. Several studies have described double and triple femoral neck lengthening osteotomies to correct coxa brevis deformity, however, no overview exists in literature. Our aim was to perform the first systematic review of the outcomes of double and triple femoral neck lengthening. Materials and Methods. After an extensive search in Pubmed, CINAHL and Embase libraries for published articles using the following search strategy: ‘(((proximal femoral deformity) OR hip dysplasia) OR coxa brevis) AND (((femoral neck lengthening) OR double proximal femoral osteotomy) OR triple proximal femoral osteotomy)’, we included studies reporting the results of double and triple femoral neck osteotomies. Clinical and radiological outcomes, and reported complications were extracted. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results. After evaluating 456 articles, we included 11 articles reporting 149 osteotomies in 143 patients (31% male, 64% female, 5% unspecified). Mean age of the patients was 20 years (range 7 years to 52 years). Indications were developmental hip dysplasia (51%), Perthes disease (27%), infection (6%), post-trauma (4%), congenital disorders (2%), slipped capital femoral epiphysis (1%), idiopathic (3%) and unknown (6%). The mean limb length discrepancy reduced by 12 mm (0 mm to 40 mm). In total, 65% of 101 positive Trendelenburg sign hips experienced improvement of abductor
Aim. To determine differences in knee valgus angles produced during a single leg squat and hip
Abstract. Background. Optimal acetabular component position in Total Hip Arthroplasty is vital for avoiding complications such as dislocation, impingement, abductor
Introduction. Progressive resistance training (PRT) as a mean to reduce symptoms in patients with hip dysplasia (HD) has not yet been tried out. The aim of this study was to examine if PRT is feasible in patients with HD. A secondary purpose was to report data on changes of patient reported outcomes, muscle performance and hip
Introduction. Recovery of
Physical outcome following total knee arthroplasty is variable. Satellite cells are undifferentiated myogenic precursors considered to be muscle stem cells. We hypothesised that; the recovery of
Dual mobility (DM) bearing implants reduce the incidence of dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and as such they are used for the treatment of hip instability in both primary and revision cases. The aim of this study was to compare lower limb muscle activity of patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a dual mobility (DM) or a common cup (CC) bearing compared to healthy controls (CON) during a sit to stand task. A total of 21 patients (12 DM, 9 CC) and 12 CON were recruited from the local Hospital. The patients who volunteered for the study were randomly assigned to either a DM or a CC cementless THA after receiving informed consent. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon using the direct anterior approach. Participants underwent electromyography (EMG) and motion analysis while completing a sit-to-stand task. Portable wireless surface EMG probes were placed on the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus (ST), gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae muscles of the affected limb in the surgical groups and the dominant limb in the CON group. Motion capture was used to record lower limb kinematics and kinetics.
After total hip replacement, force generating capacity of gluteal muscles is an impotant parameter on joint contact forces and primary fixation of total hip replacement. Femoral offset is an option to optimize muscle moment arms, especially main abductor Gluteus Medius and Minimus. To investigate relationship with weak gluteal muscles (Gluteus Medius and Minimus) and increased femoral offset, we build a musculoskeletal model. Creating of three-dimensional femur geometry and scaling of the musculoskeletal model according to the subject were performed with computed tomography data. Obtained gait kinematic and kinetic data were applied and to mimic gluteal muscle weakness, the force generating capacities of Gluteus Medius and Minimus reduced (%20-%80). Analysis were done for both anatomical and +10mm offset. Then, muscle and joint reaction forces obtained from musculoskeletal analysis transfered to CT based finite element model to evaluate changes in maximum principle stresses on femur. According to the results of the musculoskeletal analysis, the weakness of the gluteal muscles caused an increase in the activation of Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris and Tensor Fasciae Latae. Effects of +10 mm femoral offset on total abductor muscle activity increased with reduced
Aging has been associated with decreases in
Summary Statement. Using a weight-bearing force control task, age-related changes in muscle action were observed in osteoarthritic subjects, however, greater activation of rectus femoris and medial hamstring muscles in the OA group compared to control indicates greater cocontraction and varied stabilisation strategies. Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most debilitating condition among older adults. OA is thought to be mechanically driven by altering the stabilising integrity of the joint. The main contributor to knee joint stability is that of muscular contraction. In cases where the history of a traumatic knee joint injury is not a causal factor, a change in muscle function, resulting in reduced strength and force control in believed to induce OA development and progression. Since age is also a determining factor of OA, the purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activation patterns of young healthy adults (YC), older healthy adults (OC), and adults with OA during a standing isometric force control task. Patients & Methods. A force matching protocol was used to evaluate muscle activation patterns of 41 YC (23.1±1.9 years of age) 18 OC (59.7±5.14 years), and 19 OA (63.5±8.1 years). Subjects stood with their leg of interest fixed to a force platform and modulated ground reaction forces while exposing equal body weight to each leg. Surface electromyography (EMG) of 8 muscles that cross the knee joint, kinetics and kinematics were recorded while subjects generated 30% of their maximal force in 12 different directions, corresponding to various combinations of medial-lateral-anterior-posterior ground reaction forces. Processed EMG was normalised to previously recorded maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and ensemble averaged into group means for each loading direction. Muscle activation patterns were displayed in EMG polar plots and were quantified with symmetry analyses, mean activation levels (X. EMG. ), directions (Φ), and specificity indices (SI). Group differences were tested with independent T-tests at the p<0.05 level. Results. Muscle activation patterns were similar between groups (i.e. symmetry and Φ). However, X. EMG. of 7 muscles was significantly greater in both the OA and OC groups compared to YC. OA group also demonstrated significantly greater X. EMG. in the rectus femoris and tensor fascia lata as well as lower SI in semitendinosus hamstrings compared to OC. Discussion/Conclusion. Our results indicate that regardless of loading direction, both OC and OA groups have greater levels of muscle co-contraction than YC. This is suggested to be an adaptive response to age-related changes in