Aims. There is evidence that morbidly obese patients have more intra- and postoperative complications and poorer outcomes when undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the direct anterior approach (DAA). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of DAA for THA, and compare the complications and outcomes of morbidly obese patients with nonobese patients. Methods. Morbidly obese patients (n = 86), with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. who underwent DAA THA at our institution between September 2010 and December 2017, were matched to 172 patients with BMI < 30 kg/m. 2. Data regarding demographics, set-up and operating time, blood loss, radiological assessment, Harris Hip Score (HHS), International Hip Outcome Tool (12-items), reoperation rate, and complications at two years postoperatively were retrospectively analyzed. Results. No significant differences in blood loss, intra- and postoperative complications, or implant position were observed between the two groups. Superficial wound infection rate was higher in the obese group (8.1%) compared to the nonobese group (1.2%) (p = 0.007) and relative risk of reoperation was 2.59 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 9.91). One periprosthetic joint infection was reported in the obese group. Set-up time in the operating table and mean operating time were higher in morbidly obese patients. Functional outcomes and patient-related outcome measurements were superior in the obese group (mean increase of HHS was 52.19 (SD 5.95) vs 45.1 (SD 4.42); p < 0.001), and mean increase of International Hip Outcome Tool (12-items) was 56.8 (SD 8.88) versus 55.2 (SD 5.85); p = 0.041). Conclusion. Our results suggest that THA in morbidly obese patients can be safely and effectively performed via the DAA by experienced surgeons. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(1):4–11

Aims. The aim of this study was to observe the implications of withholding total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in morbidly obese patients. Patients and Methods. A total of 289 morbidly obese patients with end-stage osteoarthritis were prospectively followed. There were 218 women and 71 men, with a mean age of 56.3 years (26.7 to 79.1). At initial visit, patients were given information about the risks of TJA in the morbidly obese and were given referral information to a bariatric clinic. Patients were contacted at six, 12, 18, and 24 months from initial visit. Results. The median body mass index (BMI) at initial visit was 46.9 kg/m. 2. (interquartile range (IQR) 44.6 to 51.3). A total of 82 patients (28.4%) refused to follow-up or answer phone surveys, and 149 of the remaining 207 (72.0%) did not have surgery. Initial median BMI of those 149 was 47.5 kg/m. 2. (IQR 44.6 to 52.5) and at last follow-up was 46.7 kg/m. 2. (IQR 43.4 to 51.2). Only 67 patients (23.2%) went to the bariatric clinic, of whom 14 (20.9%) had bariatric surgery. A total of 58 patients (20.1%) underwent TJA. For those 58, BMI at initial visit was 45.3 kg/m. 2. (IQR 43.7 to 47.2), and at surgery was 42.3 kg/m. 2. (IQR 38.1 to 46.5). Only 23 patients (39.7%) of those who had TJA successfully achieved BMI < 40 kg/m. 2. at surgery. Conclusion. Restricting TJA for morbidly obese patients does not incentivize weight loss prior to arthroplasty. Only 20.1% of patients ultimately underwent TJA and the majority of those remained morbidly obese. Better resources and coordinated care are required to optimize patients prior to surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(7 Supple C):28–32

Aims. The purpose of this study was to assess total knee arthroplasty (TKA) volume and rates of early complications in morbidly obese patients over the last decade, where the introduction of quality models influencing perioperative care pathways occurred. Methods. Patients undergoing TKA between 2011 to 2018 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were stratified by BMI < 40 kg/m. 2. and ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. and evaluated by the number of cases per year. The 30-day rates of any complication, wound complications, readmissions, and reoperation were assessed. Trends in these endpoints over the study period were compared between groups using odds ratios (ORs) and multivariate analyses. Results. In total, 314,695 patients underwent TKA and 46,362 (15%) had BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. The prevalence of morbid obesity among TKA patients did not change greatly, ranging between 14% and 16%. Reoperation rate decreased from 1.16% to 0.96% (odds ratio (OR) 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.99)) for patients with BMI < 40 kg/m. 2. , as did rates of readmission (4.46% to 2.87%; OR 0.61 (0.55 to 0.69)). Patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. also had fewer readmissions over the study period (4.87% to 3.34%; OR 0.64 (0.49 to 0.83)); however, the rate of reoperation did not change (1.37% to 1.41%; OR 0.99 (0.62 to 1.56)). Significant improvements were not observed for infective complications over time for either group; patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. had increased risk of both deep infection and wound complications compared to non-morbidly obese patients. Rate of any complication decreased for all patients. Conclusion. The proportion of TKAs in morbidly obese patients has not significantly changed over the past decade. Although readmission rates improved for all patients, reductions in reoperation in non-morbidly obese patients were not experienced by the morbidly obese, resulting in a widening of the complication gap between these cohorts. Care improvements have not lowered the differential risk of infective complications in the morbidly obese. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):38–44

Aims. We studied the outcomes of hip and knee arthroplasties in a high-volume arthroplasty centre to determine if patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. ) had unacceptably worse outcomes as compared to those with BMI < 40 kg/m. 2. . Methods. In a two-year period, 4,711 patients had either total hip arthroplasty (THA; n = 2,370), total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n = 2,109), or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA; n = 232). Of these patients, 392 (8.3%) had morbid obesity. We compared duration of operation, anaesthetic time, length of stay (LOS), LOS > three days, out of hours attendance, emergency department attendance, readmission to hospital, return to theatre, and venous thromboembolism up to 90 days. Readmission for wound infection was recorded to one year. Oxford scores were recorded preoperatively and at one year postoperatively. Results. On average, the morbidly obese had longer operating times (63 vs 58 minutes), longer anaesthetic times (31 vs 28 minutes), increased LOS (3.7 vs 3.5 days), and significantly more readmissions for wound infection (1.0% vs 0.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in either suspected or confirmed venous thromboembolism. Improvement in Oxford scores were equivalent. Conclusion. Although morbidly obese patients had less favourable outcomes, we do not feel that the magnitude of difference is clinically significant when applied to an individual, particularly when improvement in Oxford scores were unrelated to BMI. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):515–521

Aims. It has been shown that the preoperative modification of risk factors associated with obesity may reduce complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal method of doing so remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a preoperative Risk Stratification Tool (RST) devised in our institution could reduce unexpected intensive care unit (ICU) transfers and 90-day emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, and reoperations after TKA in obese patients. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 1,614 consecutive patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA. Their mean age was 65.1 years (17.9 to 87.7) and the mean BMI was 34.2 kg/m. 2. (SD 7.7). All patients underwent perioperative optimization and monitoring using the RST, which is a validated calculation tool that provides a recommendation for postoperative ICU care or increased nursing support. Patients were divided into three groups: non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m. 2. , n = 512); obese (BMI 30 kg/m. 2. to 39.9 kg/m. 2. , n = 748); and morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m. 2. , n = 354). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the outcomes among the groups adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and diabetes. Results. Obese patients had a significantly increased rate of discharge to a rehabilitation facility compared with non-obese patients (38.7% (426/1,102) vs 26.0% (133/512), respectively; p < 0.001). When stratified by BMI, discharge to a rehabilitation facility remained significantly higher compared with non-obese (26.0% (133)) in both obese (34.2% (256), odds ratio (OR) 1.6) and morbidly obese (48.0% (170), OR 3.1) patients (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in unexpected ICU transfer (0.4% (two) non-obese vs 0.9% (seven) obese (OR 2.5) vs 1.7% (six) morbidly obese (OR 5.4); p = 0.054), visits to the ED (8.6% (44) vs 10.3% (77) (OR 1.3) vs 10.5% (37) (OR 1.2); p = 0.379), readmissions (4.5% (23) vs 4.0% (30) (OR 1.0) vs 5.1% (18) (OR 1.4); p = 0.322), or reoperations (2.5% (13) vs 3.3% (25) (OR 1.2) vs 3.1% (11) (OR 0.9); p = 0.939). Conclusion. With the use of a preoperative RST, morbidly obese patients had similar rates of short-term postoperative adverse outcomes after primary TKA as non-obese patients. This supports the assertion that morbidly obese patients can safely undergo TKA with appropriate perioperative optimization and monitoring. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):45–50

We compared 55 consecutive total hip replacements performed on 53 morbidly obese patients with osteoarthritis with a matched group of 55 total hip replacements in 53 non-obese patients. The groups were matched for age, gender, prosthesis type, laterality and preoperative Harris Hip Score. They were followed prospectively for five years and the outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Score, the Short-form 36 score and radiological findings. Survival at five years using revision surgery as an endpoint, was 90.9% (95% confidence interval 82.9 to 98.9) for the morbidly obese and 100% for the non-obese patients. The Harris Hip and the Short-form 36 scores were significantly better in the non-obese group (p < 0.001). The morbidly obese patients had a higher rate of complications (22% vs 5%, p = 0.012), which included dislocation and both superficial and deep infection. In light of these inferior results, morbidly obese patients should be advised to lose weight before undergoing a total hip replacement, and counselled regarding the complications. Despite these poorer results, however, the patients have improved function and quality of life

We evaluated the outcome of primary total hip replacement (THR) in 3290 patients with the primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis at a minimum follow-up of two years. They were stratified into categories of body mass index (BMI) based on the World Health Organisation classification of obesity. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine if there was a difference in the post-operative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, the Harris hip score and the Short-Form-12 outcome based on the BMI. While the pre- and post-operative scores were lower for the group classified as morbidly obese, the overall change in outcome scores suggested an equal if not greater improvement compared with the non-morbidly obese patients. The overall survivorship and rate of complications were similar in the BMI groups although there was a slightly higher rate of revision for sepsis in the morbidly obese group. Morbid obesity does not affect the post-operative outcome after THR, with the possible exception of a marginally increased rate of infection. Therefore withholding surgery based on the BMI is not justified

The results of 41 consecutive total knee replacements performed on morbidly obese patients with a body mass index > 40 kg/m. 2. , were compared with a matched group of 41 similar procedures carried out in non-obese patients (body mass index < 30 kg/m. 2. ). The groups were matched for age, gender, diagnosis, type of prosthesis, laterality and pre-operative Knee Society Score. We prospectively followed up the patients for a mean of 38.5 months (6 to 66). No patients were lost to follow-up. At less than four years after operation, the results were worse in the morbidly obese group compared with the non-obese, as demonstrated by inferior Knee Society Scores (mean knee score 85.7 and 90.5 respectively, p = 0.08; mean function score 75.6 and 83.4, p = 0.01), a higher incidence of radiolucent lines on post-operative radiographs (29% and 7%, respectively, p = 0.02), a higher rate of complications (32% and 0%, respectively, p = 0.001) and inferior survivorship using revision and pain as end-points (72.3% and 97.6%, respectively, p = 0.02). Patients with a body mass index > 40 kg/m. 2. should be advised to lose weight prior to total knee replacement and to maintain weight reduction. They should also be counselled regarding the inferior results which may occur if they do not lose weight before surgery

Introduction. Morbid obesity (BMI>40) is a significant risk factor for complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). As such many have a restrictive practice of withholding elective primary TJA in the morbidly obese. The purpose of this study was to observe the implications of this practice. Methods. From 2012 to 2014, 289 patients with morbid obesity and end-stage OA of the hip or knee were prospectively followed. At initial visit, patients were given a packet on risks of TJA in the morbidly obese and referral information to a weight loss clinic. Patients were contacted at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months from initial visit for PROs, and BMI changes. The average age of patients was 56 (26.7–79.1) there were 218 females and 71 males. Results. The average BMI at initial visit was 46.9 (39.9–68.2). 85 patients (29%) refused additional follow up or to answer phone surveys regarding their status. 146 patients (50.5%) have not had surgery. Initial BMI in this cohort was 47.4 (39.9–68.6) and at last follow up was 46.8 (28.9–70.8). Of those, 11 (7.5%) had a last follow up BMI≤40. Only 23% of patients went to the bariatric clinic and 13% had bariatric surgery. Fifty-eight patients (20.1%) underwent TJA. BMI at initial visit was 45.3 (40.3–55.4), and at the time of surgery was 41.3 (27.5–69.5). Only 20 patients (6.9% of those followed) have successfully achieved BMI < 40 and had surgery. Of those, 14 (70%) had a last follow up BMI≤40, and 2 (10%) had a last follow up BMI≤30. Conclusions. The practice of restricting total joint replacement to morbidly obese patients does not serve as an incentive to lose weight prior to arthroplasty. Only 20% of patients ultimately underwent TJA and the majority of those remained morbidly obese. Better resources and collaborative care among specialties is required to optimize patients prior to surgery

Aims. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of hip osteoarthritis, resulting in an increased number of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed annually. This study examines the peri- and postoperative outcomes of morbidly obese (MO) patients (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m. 2. ) compared to healthy weight (HW) patients (BMI 18.5 to < 25 kg/m. 2. ) who underwent a THA using the anterior-based muscle-sparing (ABMS) approach. Methods. This retrospective cohort study observes peri- and postoperative outcomes of MO and HW patients who underwent a primary, unilateral THA with the ABMS approach. Data from surgeries performed by three surgeons at a single institution was collected from January 2013 to August 2020 and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Stata 17.0. Results. This study compares 341 MO to 1,140 HW patients. Anaesthesia, surgery duration, and length of hospital stay was significantly lower in HW patients compared to MO. There was no difference in incidence of pulmonary embolism, periprosthetic fracture, or dislocation between the two groups. The rate of infection in MO patients (1.47%) was significantly higher than HW patients (0.14%). Preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) show a significantly higher pain level in MO patients and a significantly lower score in functional abilities. Overall, six-week and one-year postoperative data show higher levels of pain, lower levels of functional improvement, and lower satisfaction scores in the MO group. Conclusion. The comorbidities of obesity are well studied; however, the implications of THA using the ABMS approach have not been studied. Our peri- and postoperative results demonstrate significant improvements in PROMs in MO patients undergoing THA. However, the incidence of deep infection was significantly higher in this group compared with HW patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):299–305

Morbid obesity and its association with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome have been increasingly recognised in children. Orthopaedic surgeons are often the primary medical contact for older children with tibia vara, which has long been associated with obesity, but are unfamiliar with the evaluation and treatment of sleep apnoea in children. We reviewed all children with tibia vara treated surgically at one of our institutions over a period of five years. Thirty-seven patients were identified; 18 were nine years of age or older and 13 of these (72%) had morbid obesity and a history of snoring. Eleven children were diagnosed as having sleep apnoea on polysomnography. The incidence of this syndrome in the 18 children aged nine years or older with tibia vara, was 61%. All these patients required pre-operative non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation; tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were necessary in five (45%). No peri-operative complications related to the airway occurred. There is a high incidence of sleep apnoea in morbidly obese patients with tibia vara. These patients should be screened for snoring and, if present, should be further evaluated for sleep apnoea before corrective surgery is undertaken

Abstract. Aims. The association between body mass index (BMI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is well studied, but remains unclear in the literature. We aimed to determine whether morbid obesity (BMI≥40) was associated with increased risk of VTE following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), compared to those of BMI<40. Methods. Between January 2016 and December 2020, our institution performed 4506 TKAs and 449 UKAs. 450 (9.1%) patients had a BMI≥40. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and ultrasound scan for suspected proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were recorded up to 90 days post-operatively. Results. When comparing those of BMI<40 to those with BMI≥40, there was no difference in incidence of PE (1.0% vs 1.1%, p=0.803) or proximal DVT (0.4% vs 0.2%, p=0.645). There was no difference in number of ultrasound scans ordered (p=0.668), or number of CTPAs ordered for those with a BMI≥40 (p=0.176). The percentage of patients with a confirmed PE or proximal DVT were 24.2% and 3.9% respectively in the BMI<40 group, compared to 20.0% (p=0.804) and 2.3% (p=0.598) in the BMI≥40 group. Conclusion. Morbid obesity was not associated with increased risk of PE or proximal DVT within 90 days of TKA or UKA. Overall, 76.3% of CTPAs and 96.2% of ultrasound scans were negative. Increasing the threshold for VTE investigation would reduce the rate of negative investigations. Establishing more effective risk stratification protocols, to guide investigation, would likely reduce unnecessary imaging

Introduction. Rapid recovery protocols after joint replacement have been implemented widely to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS). Minimally-invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA) may facilitate rapid recovery for patients. Increased complications and LOS have been documented in morbidly obese TKA patients. The objective of the current study was to retrospectively evaluate the impact of morbid obesity on MIS-TKA patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients that underwent MISTKA at a high volume orthopedic center between August 2012 and September 2015 (N = 4173). All surgeries were performed by one of six fellowship trained surgeons utilizing the same implant. MISTKA was performed utilizing a mid-vastus approach under tourniquet. All patients experienced rapid recovery protocols utilizing multi-modal pain management pathways, same day physical therapy, and absence of CPM machines. We evaluated patient age, gender, operative time, LOS, and 90-day readmission for morbidly obese (BMI≥40; n = 597), and non-morbidly obese (BMI<40; n = 3576) patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using Minitab 16 Statistical Software. Results. Morbidly obese patients had significantly higher mean LOS (1.74 days) compared to non-morbidly obese patients (1.62 days, p=0.035), and significantly higher 90-day readmissions (12.45% and 6.65% respectively, p= 0.001). In patients over the age of 65, with BMI under 40, females had significantly higher mean LOS than males (1.70 and 1.47 days respectively, p< 0.001). And in non-morbidly obese patients under the age of 65, females still experienced significantly higher mean LOS compared to males (1.35 and 1.11 days respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions. Our findings indicate that despite implementation of rapid recovery protocols, morbidly obese patients experienced significantly higher LOS than non-morbidly obese patients. Compared to their male counterparts, non-morbidly obese female patients had significantly higher LOS

Purpose: Displaced acetabular fractures require operative intervention for optimal results. Obesity and morbid obesity is becoming more prevalent. Morbid obesity is defined as a body-mass index (BMI) > 40. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the early results of operative treatment of acetabular fractures in morbidly obese patients. Method: A prospectively gathered database demonstrated 349 patients who underwent ORIF for acetabular fractures over a 60 month period. Of those patients, 39 were morbidly obese. Patient weights were collected from anesthesia records. There were 15 posterior wall, 10 transverse/posterior wall, 5 T-type, 3 transverse, 3 anterior column/posterior hemi-transverse, 1 anterior column, 1 posterior column/posterior wall, and 1 both column fractures. Early results of morbidly obese patients (Group 1) were reviewed. Perioperative complications were compared to patients with BMI < 40 (Group 2). Factors evaluated were: estimated blood loss, operative time, length of hospital stay, and overall complication rate (as defined by wound complications or heterotopic ossification requiring subsequent surgery, failure of fixation, nerve palsy, death). Results: Follow up ranged from 6–48 months. Fracture reductions were perfect in 23, imperfect in 10, and poor in 6. Fixation failure was noted in 9 patients and typically associated with comminuted posterior wall fractures. Eight patients developed deep infections necessitating debridements. Nine patients required secondary surgery for wound healing problems. Of those, 6 required one additional surgery, three required 2, two required 3, one required 5, and one required 12 additional surgeries. Six patients proceeded to THA and two of those required revisions. The average EBL was 903cc in group 1 versus 630cc in group 2 (p < 0.044). Operative time averaged 293 minutes in group 1 versus 250 in group 2 (p< 0.008). Hospital stay for group 1 averaged 26 days versus 15 days in group 2 (p< 0.008). Complication rate for group 1 was 67% versus 16% in group 2. Conclusion: This data shows that there is a significant increase in estimated blood loss, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Moreover, the risk of complications should be heavily weighed prior to operative intervention

Background:. The rising number of morbidly obese patients may have significant consequences on the health care system. It may alter the effectiveness, safety as well as cost of certain surgical procedures. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is rapidly gaining in popularity. We investigated the effect of morbid obesity on outcomes, complications, disposition and cost in morbidly obese patients undergoing RSA in a 1: 3 case control series. Methods:. Our joint registry was searched for all patients undergoing primary RSA (excluding fractures) with a minimum of 24 months follow-up from 2003–2010; 21 patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 35 were identified (follow-up 45 ± 16 months, 17 females and 4 males, age 69 ± 7) and compared to 63 matched control patients with BMI<30 (follow-up 48 ± 20, 50 females, age 71 ± 6). Outcome data was obtained pre- and postoperatively. Patients' Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index (CDI), total comorbidities, operative time, blood loss (EBL), hospitalization length, disposition, cost and complications were recorded. Results:. There were significant (p < 0.05 for all) and comparable improvements in clinical outcomes, i.e. ASES 32→69 versus 40→78) and range-of-motion (i.e. elevation 61°→140° versus 74°→153°). Obese patients had less notching (1/21 versus 5/63, p = 0.007). Obese patients had more total comorbidities excluding obesity (6 versus 4, p = 0.001), higher CDI (2 versus 1, p = 0.025) and higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea (48% versus 3%, p = 0.0001). They had longer operative time by 13 minutes (p = 0.014) and higher EBL by 40 ml (p = 0.008). Length of stay was similar (3.1 versus 2.6 days, p = 0.21) but a 6-fold higher rate of discharge to facilities (6/21 versus 3/63, p = 0.007) and a higher readmission rate (2 versus 0, p = 0.06) was seen in obese patients. Hospital cost was higher by $2,958.00 (p = 0.02). Major (n = 4 versus 8) and minor complication rates (n = 3 versus 14) were similar (p = 0.479 and 0.440, respectively). No intraoperative complications or mechanical device failures were noted in either group. Conclusions:. RSA was as safe and effective in morbidly obese patients, but an increased cost, disposition to facilities and needs after discharge was observed

Purpose: The increasing trend of morbidly obese patients (BMI 40+) requiring joint replacement is becoming a growing concern in Total Hip Replacement (THR) surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence that BMI may have on implant longevity and clinical outcome using prospectively collected patient data. Method: A consecutive cohort of 2864 THR’s in 2488 patients with osteoarthritis and a minimum 2 years follow-up were evaluated. Patients were divided into appropriate BMI categories; Normal and Underweight (BMI< 25, n=650), Overweight (BMI 25–29.9, n=1069), Obese (BMI 30–39.9, n=981), and Morbidly Obese (BMI 40+, n=164). Pre-operative, latest, and change in clinical outcome scores (HSS, SF12, WOMAC) were analyzed using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survivorship was determined. Categorical variables such as gender and survival status were analyzed using chi-squared. Results: Morbidly Obese patients requiring THR’s were significantly younger than all other BMI groups by 5.4±0.83 years (p< 0.0001). Gender was also significant to BMI grouping with more females being Morbidly Obese and Normal or Underweight (p< 0.0001). All pre-operative and latest HHS and WOMAC domain scores were lower for the Morbidly Obese, significantly in all preoperative score domains and latest HHS Function (p< 0.05). The change in clinical scores from pre-operative to latest was greatest in all domains for the Morbidly Obese group. K-M cumulative survival with implant revision as the endpoint at 10 years was not different between the BMI groups. Revision rates for infection for the Morbidly Obese, Obese, Overweight, and Normal were 1.3%, 0.65%, 0.3% and 0.69% respectively. Overall Revision rates for the Morbidly Obese, Obese, Overweight, and Normal were 6.7%, 5.4%, 6.9% and 5.7% respectively and were not found to be significant (p=0.496). Conclusion: The Morbidly Obese cohort undergoing THR had significantly lower preoperative and lower postoperative clinical outcome scores than all other BMI groups but demonstrated the most significant improvement. No difference was found in the K-M survivorship although revisions and revisions for infection were not equal between the groups

Aims. This study investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the post-operative fall in the level of haemoglobin (Hb), length of hospital stay (LOS), 30-day re-admission rate, functional outcome and quality of life, two years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and Methods. A total of 7733 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA between 2001 and 2010 were included. The mean age was 67 years (30 to 90). There were 1421 males and 6312 females. The patients were categorised into three groups: BMI < 25.0 kg/m. 2. (normal); BMI between 25.0 and 39.9 kg/m. 2. (obese); and BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m. 2. (morbidly obese). Results. Compared with the normal and obese groups, the mean LOS was longer by one day (95% confidence interval (CI) 0 to 2) in the morbidly obese group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001 respectively). The 30-day re-admisison rate was also higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the obese group (OR 2.323, 95% CI 1.101 to 4.900, p = 0.024); and showed a higher trend compared to the normal group (OR 1.850, 95% CI 0.893 to 3.831, p = 0.100). However, the morbidly obese group had a smaller drop in post-operative Hb level by a mean of 0.5 g/dl (0.3 to 0.6) and 0.3 g/dl (0.1 to 0.5), when compared with the normal and obese groups respectively (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean improvement in Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS) at two years follow-up was three points (two to four) and five points (two to seven) more in the morbidly obese group than in the normal group (both p < 0.001). The mean improvement in Knee Society Function Score, and Physical and Mental Component Scores of Short Form-36 were comparable between the three BMI groups (p = 0.736, p = 0.739 and p = 0.731 respectively). The ten-year rate of survival was 98.8% (98.0 to 99.3), 98.9% (98.5 to 99.2) and 98.0% (95.8 to 100), for the normal, obese and morbidly obese groups, respectively (p = 0.703). Conclusion. Although morbidly obese patients have a longer LOS and higher 30-day re-admission rate after TKA, they have a smaller drop in post-operative Hb level and larger improvement in OKS and KSKS at two years follow-up. The ten-year rate of survival of TKA was also comparable with those with a normal BMI. . Take home message: Morbidly obese patients should not be excluded from the benefits of TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:780–5

The purpose of this population-based study was to determine the association between morbid obesity and 10-year mortality and complications in patients undergoing primary THA. A cohort study of 22,251 patients, aged 45–74 years old, treated with primary THA between 2002 and 2007 for osteoarthritis, was conducted using Ontario administrative healthcare databases. Patients were followed for 10 years. Risk ratios (RRs) of mortality, reoperation, revision, and dislocation in patients with body mass index (BMI) > 45 kg/m2(morbidly obese patients) compared with BMI ≤45 kg/m2 (non-morbidly obese) were estimated. 3.3% of the cohort (726) was morbidly obese. Morbidly obese patients were younger (mean age 60.6 vs. 63.3, P-value < 0 .001) and more likely to be female (63.9% vs. 52.2%, P-value < 0 .001), compared with non-morbidly obese patients. Morbid obesity was associated with higher 10-year risk of death (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18, 1.62). Risks of revision (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.96, 2.13) and dislocation (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.38, 4.10) were higher in morbidly obese men, compared with non-morbidly obese men, there were no associations between obesity and revision or dislocation in women. Risk of reoperation was higher in morbidly obese women, compared to non-morbidly obese women (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05, 2.40), there was no association between obesity and reoperation in men. Morbidly obese patients undergoing primary THA are at higher risks of long-term mortality and complications. There were differences in complication risk by sex. Results should inform evidence-based perioperative counseling of morbidly obese patients considering THA

We carried out a prospective, continuous study on 529 patients who underwent primary total knee replacement between January 2006 and December 2007 at a major teaching hospital. The aim was to investigate weight change and the functional and clinical outcome in non-obese and obese groups at 12 months post-operatively. The patients were grouped according to their pre-operative body mass index (BMI) as follows: non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m. 2. ), obese (BMI . 3. 30 to 39 kg/m. 2. ) and morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m. 2. ). The clinical outcome data were available for all patients and functional outcome data for 521 (98.5%). Overall, 318 (60.1%) of the patients were obese or morbidly obese. At 12 months, a clinically significant weight loss of ≥ 5% had occurred in 40 (12.6%) of the obese patients, but 107 (21%) gained weight. The change in the International Knee Society score was less in obese and morbidly obese compared with non-obese patients (p = 0.016). Adverse events occurred in 30 (14.2%) of the non-obese, 59 (22.6%) of the obese and 20 (35.1%) of the morbidly obese patients (p = 0.001)