Vascular injuries during total hip arthroplasty (THA) are rare but when they occur, have serious consequences. These have traditionally been managed with open exploration and repair, but more recently there has been a trend towards percutaneous endovascular management.

We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess if this change in trend has led to an improvement in the overall reported rates of morbidity and mortality during the last 22 years in comparison with the reviews of the literature published previously.

We found a total of 61 articles describing 138 vascular injuries in 124 patients. Injuries because of a laceration were the most prevalent (n = 51, 44%) and the most common presenting feature, when recorded, was bleeding (n = 41, 53.3%). Delay in diagnosis was associated with the type of vascular lesion (p < 0.001) and the clinical presentation (p = 0.002).

Open exploration and repair was the most common form of management, however percutaneous endovascular intervention was used in one third of the injuries and more constantly during the last 13 years.

The main overall reported complications included death (n = 9, 7.3%), amputation (n = 2, 1.6%), and persistent ischaemia (n = 9, 7.3%). When compared with previous reviews there was a similar rate of mortality but lower rates of amputation and permanent disability, especially in patients managed by endovascular strategies.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1447–55.

Aims. The primary objective of this study was to develop a validated classification system for assessing iatrogenic bone trauma and soft-tissue injury during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The secondary objective was to compare macroscopic bone trauma and soft-tissues injury in conventional THA (CO THA) versus robotic arm-assisted THA (RO THA) using this classification system. Methods. This study included 30 CO THAs versus 30 RO THAs performed by a single surgeon. Intraoperative photographs of the osseous acetabulum and periacetabular soft-tissues were obtained prior to implantation of the acetabular component, which were used to develop the proposed classification system. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities of the proposed classification system were assessed. Results. The BOne trauma and Soft-Tissue Injury classification system in total Hip arthroplasty (BOSTI Hip) grades osseous acetabular trauma and periarticular muscle damage during THA. The classification system has an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.93) for interobserver agreement and 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.93) for intraobserver agreement. RO THA was associated with improved BOSTI Hip scores (p = 0.002) and more pristine osseous surfaces in the anterior superior (p = 0.001) and posterior superior (p < 0.001) acetabular quadrants compared with CO THA. There were no differences between the groups in relation to injury to the gluteus medius (p = 0.084), obturator internus (p = 0.241), piriformis (p = 0.081), superior gamellus (p = 0.116), inferior gamellus (p = 0.132), quadratus femoris (p = 0.208), and vastus lateralis (p = 0.135), but overall combined muscle injury was reduced in RO THA compared with CO THA (p = 0.023). Discussion. The proposed BOSTI Hip classification provides a reproducible grading system for stratifying iatrogenic bone trauma and soft-tissue injury during THA. RO THA was associated with improved BOSTI Hip scores, more pristine osseous acetabular surfaces, and reduced combined periarticular muscle injury compared with CO THA. Further research is required to understand if these intraoperative findings translate to differences in clinical outcomes between the treatment groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(9):898–906

The purpose was to determine the lifetime risk of re-operation due to specific complications related to dual mobility using re-operation as a competing risk, excluding loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and infection. 1503 mono-block dual mobility total hip arthroplasty (DM-THAs). Defining the re-operation when anesthesia (for dislocation) and revision when the implant changed. Surgery (801 for primary, 702 for revision with 201 for recurrent dislocation and 501 for loosening) performed between 1990 and 2020 in average 81-year-old (range 50–102) patients, with 522 living patients at 10 years follow-up. During the first month, outer dislocation (60 cases; 4%) was the cause re-operation (1% among primary and 6 % among revisions). Twenty-four intra-prosthetic dislocations (IPD) were an iatrogenic consequence of a failed closed reduction (reduction maneuver dissociating the inner head) with 1.6% revision. Between 1 month and 1 year, 22 new outer dislocations, while 25 of the 60 “first month” dislocations had recurrent dislocation. Fifteen other IPDs as iatrogenic consequences were observed. At one year, the cumulative revision was 3% (49 of 82 dislocations). Between 1- 10-year FU, 132 other dislocations, and 45 other revisions for dislocations were observed. Corrosion was another cause of revision (37 cases): between the cobalt-chromium shell and the femoral neck (23 hips), or 14 crevice corrosion between the trunnion and the metal head (trunnion damage). In summary, at 10-year: dislocation first cause of re-operation (214 anesthesia, 14%), while among 131 revisions (8.9 %) the 55 iatrogenic intra-prosthetic dislocations were the first revision cause before 39 recurrent dislocations and 37 corrosions. The 522 patients followed ten years or more had a 15% risk revision due to DM specific complications during their lifetime and 10% more risk associated with loosening (6%), periprosthetic fracture (2%) and infection (2%)

Dual mobility (DM) components are increasingly used to prevent and treat dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intraprosthetic dissociation (IPD) is a known rare complication of these implants and has reportedly decreased with modern implants. The purpose of this paper is to report the diagnosis and treatment of modern DM IPD. 1453 DM components were implanted between 2010 and 2021. 695 in primary and 758 in revision THA. 49 hips sustained a dislocation of the large head and 5 sustained an IPD at presentation. 6 additional IPD occurred at the time of reduction of large head. The average age was 64, 54% were female and the mean follow-up was three years. Of the 11 IPD, 8 had a history of instability, 5 had abductor insufficiency, 4 had prior lumbar fusion, and 3 were conversions from fracture. The overall IPD incidence was 0.76%. Ten of the 11 DM IPD were missed at initial presentation or at the time of reduction, and all were discharged with presumed reduction. The mean time from IPD to surgical treatment was 3 weeks. One patient died with an IPD at 5 months. A DM head was reimplanted in six, two underwent revision of the acetabular component with exchange of DM head, and four were revised to a constrained liner. The re-revision rate was 55% at a mean 1.8 years. None of the patients who underwent cup revision required subsequent re-revision while half of the constrained liners and exchange of DM heads required re-revision. The overall rate of DM dislocation or IPD is low. It is critical to identify an IPD on radiographs as it was almost universally missed at presentation or when it occurred iatrogenically. For patients presenting with IPD, the surgeon should consider acetabular revision and conversion to a constrained liner or a larger DM, with special attention to removing impinging structures that could increase the risk of re-dislocation

Fracture of contemporary femoral stems is a rare occurrence. Earlier THR stems failed due to design issues or post manufacturing heat treatments that weakened the core metal. Our group identified and analyzed 4 contemporary fractured femoral stems after revision surgery in which electrochemical welds contributed to the failure. All four stems were proximally porous coated titanium alloy components. All failures occurred in the neck region post revision surgery in an acetabular cup exchange. All were men and obese. The fractures occurred at an average of 3.6 years post THR redo (range, 1.0–6.5 years) and 8.3 years post index surgery (range, 5.5–12.0 years). To demonstrate the effect of electrocautery on retained femoral stems following revision surgery, we applied intermittent electrosurgical currents at three intensities (30, 60, 90 watts) to the polished neck surface of a titanium alloy stem under dry conditions. At all power settings, visible discoloration and damage to the polished neck surface was observed. The localized patterns and altered metal surface features exhibited were like the electrosurgically-induced damage priorly reported. The neck regions of all components studied displayed extensive mechanical and/or electrocautery damage in the area of fracture initiation. The use of mechanical instruments and electrocautery was documented to remove tissues in all 4 cases. The combination of mechanical and electrocautery damage to the femoral neck and stem served as an initiation point and stress riser for subsequent fractures. The electrocautery and mechanical damage across the fracture site observed occurred iatrogenically during revision surgery. The notch effect, particularly in titanium alloys, due to mechanical and/or electrocautery damage, further reduced the fatigue strength at the fractured femoral necks. While electrocautery and mechanical dissection is often required during revision THA, these failures highlight the need for caution during this step of the procedure in cases where the femoral stem is retained

Detection of clinical situations are the most difficult for primary THA and factors which determine the complexity. Results of 2368 primary THA performed by one surgeon in 1923 patients with various hip pathologies from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed. The time of the surgery, the bloodloss, the features of the surgical technique, the implants used, and the incidence of complications and revisions were assessed and X-ray analysis was performed. Difficult cases of primary hip arthroplasty include severe dysplasia (types B2, C1, and C2 according to the Hartofilakidis classification), post-traumatic segmental acetabular defects and pelvic discontinuity, protrusio acetabuli, iatrogenic bone ankylosis and consequences of proximal femur fractures with significant shortening of the limb. X-ray signs of difficulty included an interruption of the Shenton line of 2 cm or more (except for acute fractures of proximal femur), the femoral neck-shaft angle less than 100°, and the horizontal distance from Kohler line to center of rotation less than 20% of the diameter of the femoral head. An additional burdening factor is the previous surgical interventions on the hip joint. The ten-year survival rate for standard cases was 94.9%, and for complex cases − 92.3%. The odds ratio development of complications in complex cases compared to standard cases is OR = 8.402 (95% CI from 4.614 to 15.300). In standard cases mean HHS increased from 42.9 points before surgery to 95.3 after surgery. In complex cases mean HHS before surgery was 38.9 and after surgery improved to 81.6 points, p <0.001. The complexity of the operation cannot be determined on the basis of only the etiological factor, it is necessary to take into account the severity of anatomical changes

Aims. The number of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery of the hip has increased significantly during the past decade. It has now become an established technique for the treatment of many intra- and extra-articular conditions affecting the hip. However, it has a steep learning curve and is not without the risk of complications. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of complications during and following this procedure. Materials and Methods. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used in designing this study. Two reviewers systematically searched the literature for complications related to arthroscopy of the hip. The research question and eligibility criteria were established a priori. Pertinent data were abstracted and analysed. Results. We found 276 relevant studies with a total of 36 761 arthroscopies that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 36.7 years (1.7 to 70) and the mean body mass index was 25.7 kg/m. 2. (20.2 to 29.2). Femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears were the most common indications for the procedure. The total number of complications was 1222 (3.3%). Nerve injury (0.9%), mainly involving the pudendal and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, and iatrogenic chondral and labral injury (0.7%), were the two most common complications. There were 58 major complications (0.2%), the most common being intra-abdominal extravasation of fluid, which was found in 13 cases (0.04%). There were three deaths (0.008%). Conclusion. Arthroscopic surgery of the hip is a procedure with a relatively low rate of complications, although some may be significant in this young cohort of patients. This study relied on the reported complications only and the results should be interpreted with caution. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1577–83

Introduction. The results of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) vary with data from the UK national Joint Registry being less favourable than that from the Australian registry. The senior author started using a fully cementless THA in 2005 and we aimed to gauge the performance of the implants based on their revision data. Patients and methods. Between August 2005 and March 2015, 4,802 primary THA (4,309 patients) were performed with a cementless Corail. ®. stem and a cementless Pinnacle. ®. cup. There were 2,086 (43.4%) males and 2,716 (56.6%) females with a median age of 70 years (IQR 13, Range 16–95). There were a number of changes to the surgical technique with respect to the Corail. ®. stem during the ten-year period, which we have categorised as phase 1 and phase 2. We compared the data in the two phases. Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained patient information database. Results. A total of 80 (1.67%) revisions have been performed to date (median follow-up 65.9 months, IQR 46.8, Range 0 to 121), which is equivalent to a cumulative revision risk of 2.5% at ten years. Revision rate was not significantly different in those less than 70 years old (1.63%) compared to those greater than or equal to 70 years old (1.76%, P=0.81). The leading causes of revision were instability (n=22, 0.46%), infection (n=20, 0.42%) and aseptic loosening of the stem (n=15, 0.31%). More collarless stems than collared stems have been revised. Phase 2 changes in surgical technique resulted in cessation of collarless stem use, a small but significant increase in mean stem size, and a paradoxical decrease in iatrogenic femoral fracture. Conclusions. The overall revision rates of the Corail. ®. stem and Pinnacle. ®. cup in this series are comparable to the best performing THA in equivalent registry data. Instability was the leading cause of revision but these data did not identify a causative factor. The changes in infection rate in this series are possibly influenced by changes in local antibiotic prophylaxis policy. There is a learning curve for the cementless stem as seen here by a reduction in revisions for aseptic loosening and iatrogenic femoral fracture during the ten-year period. We believe that collared stems, avoidance of undersizing and surgical technique focusing on primary stability are the key aspects

This study investigates and defines the topographic anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) terminal branches supplying the femoral head (FH). Gross dissection of 14 fresh–frozen cadaveric hips was undertaken to determine the extra and intracapsular course of the MFCA’s terminal branches. A constant branch arising from the transverse MFCA (inferior retinacular artery; IRA) penetrates the capsule at the level of the anteroinferior neck, then courses obliquely within the fibrous prolongation of the capsule wall (inferior retinacula of Weitbrecht), elevated from the neck, to the posteroinferior femoral head–neck junction. This vessel has a mean of five (three to nine) terminal branches, of which the majority penetrate posteriorly. Branches from the ascending MFCA entered the femoral capsular attachment posteriorly, running deep to the synovium, through the neck, and terminating in two branches. The deep MFCA penetrates the posterosuperior femoral capsular. Once intracapsular, it divides into a mean of six (four to nine) terminal branches running deep to the synovium, within the superior retinacula of Weitbrecht of which 80% are posterior. Our study defines the exact anatomical location of the vessels, arising from the MFCA and supplying the FH. The IRA is in an elevated position from the femoral neck and may be protected from injury during fracture of the femoral neck. We present vascular ‘danger zones’ that may help avoid iatrogenic vascular injury during surgical interventions about the hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1204–13

Aims. Our aim was to report survivorship data and lessons learned with the Corail/Pinnacle cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) system. Patients and Methods. Between August 2005 and March 2015, a total of 4802 primary cementless Corail/Pinnacle THAs were performed in 4309 patients. In March 2016, we reviewed these hips from a prospectively maintained database. Results . A total of 80 hips (1.67%) have been revised which is equivalent to a cumulative risk of revision of 2.5% at ten years. The rate of revision was not significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 70 years (p = 0.93). The leading indications for revision were instability (n = 22, 0.46%), infection (n = 20, 0.42%), aseptic femoral loosening (n = 15, 0.31%) and femoral fracture (n = 6, 0.12%). There were changes in the surgical technique with respect to the Corail femoral component during the ten-year period involving a change to collared components and a trend towards larger size. These resulted in a decrease in the rate of iatrogenic femoral fracture and a decrease in the rate of aseptic loosening. Conclusion. The rate of revision in this series is comparable with the best performing THAs in registry data. Most revisions were not directly related to the implants. Despite extensive previous experience with cemented femoral components, the senior author noted a learning curve requiring increased focus on primary stability. The number of revisions related to the femoral component is reducing. Any new technology has a learning curve that may be independent of surgical experience. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1589–96

There is an increased risk of fracture following osteoplasty of the femoral neck for cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Resection of up to 30% of the anterolateral head–neck junction has previously been considered to be safe, however, iatrogenic fractures have been reported with resections within these limits. We re-evaluated the amount of safe resection at the anterolateral femoral head–neck junction using a biomechanically consistent model. In total, 28 composite bones were studied in four groups: control, 10% resection, 20% resection and 30% resection. An axial load was applied to the adducted and flexed femur. Peak load, deflection at time of fracture and energy to fracture were assessed using comparison groups. There was a marked difference in the mean peak load to fracture between the control group and the 10% resection group (p < 0.001). The control group also tolerated significantly more deflection before failure (p < 0.04). The mean peak load (p = 0.172), deflection (p = 0.547), and energy to fracture (p = 0.306) did not differ significantly between the 10%, 20%, and 30% resection groups. . Any resection of the anterolateral quadrant of the femoral head–neck junction for FAI significantly reduces the load-bearing capacity of the proximal femur. After initial resection of cortical bone, there is no further relevant loss of stability regardless of the amount of trabecular bone resected. Based on our findings we recommend any patients who undergo anterolateral femoral head–neck junction osteoplasty should be advised to modify their post-operative routine until cortical remodelling occurs to minimise the subsequent fracture risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1214–19

Aims

The risk factors for abnormal spinopelvic mobility (SPM), defined as an anterior rotation of the spinopelvic tilt (∆SPT) ≥ 20° in a flexed-seated position, have been described. The implication of pelvic incidence (PI) is unclear, and the concept of lumbar lordosis (LL) based on anatomical limits may be erroneous. The distribution of LL, including a unusual shape in patients with a high lordosis, a low pelvic incidence, and an anteverted pelvis seems more relevant.

Aims

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients report exacerbation of hip pain in deep flexion. However, the exact impingement location in deep flexion is unknown. The aim was to investigate impingement-free maximal flexion, impingement location, and if cam deformity causes hip impingement in flexion in FAI patients.

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Pelvic discontinuity is a rare but increasingly common complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). This single-centre study evaluated the performance of custom-made triflange acetabular components in acetabular reconstruction with pelvic discontinuity by determining: 1) revision and overall implant survival rates; 2) discontinuity healing rate; and 3) Harris Hip Score (HHS).

Aims

Adverse spinal motion or balance (spine mobility) and adverse pelvic mobility, in combination, are often referred to as adverse spinopelvic mobility (SPM). A stiff lumbar spine, large posterior standing pelvic tilt, and severe sagittal spinal deformity have been identified as risk factors for increased hip instability. Adverse SPM can create functional malposition of the acetabular components and hence is an instability risk. Adverse pelvic mobility is often, but not always, associated with abnormal spinal motion parameters. Dislocation rates for dual-mobility articulations (DMAs) have been reported to be between 0% and 1.1%. The aim of this study was to determine the early survivorship from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) of patients with adverse SPM who received a DMA.

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The aim of the HIPGEN consortium is to develop the first cell therapy product for hip fracture patients using PLacental-eXpanded (PLX-PAD) stromal cells.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of liner malseating in two commonly used dual-mobility (DM) designs. Secondary aims included determining the risk of dislocation, survival, and clinical outcomes.

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Adult patients with history of childhood infection pose a surgical challenge for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to distorted bony anatomy, soft-tissue contractures, risk of reinfection, and relatively younger age. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine clinical outcome, reinfection rate, and complications in patients with septic sequelae after THA.

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This study aimed to use intraoperative free electromyography to examine how the placement of a retractor at different positions along the anterior acetabular wall may affect the femoral nerve during total hip arthroplasty (THA) when undertaken using the direct anterior approach (THA-DAA).

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The effect of pelvic tilt (PT) and sagittal balance in hips with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with acetabular retroversion (AR) is controversial. It is unclear if patients with AR have a rotational abnormality of the iliac wing. Therefore, we asked: are parameters for sagittal balance, and is rotation of the iliac wing, different in patients with AR compared to a control group?; and is there a correlation between iliac rotation and acetabular version?