In a series of 12 patients with inoperable gastric carcinoma who had treatment with a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (Marimastat) for more than one month, six developed a
In-vitro models of disease are valuable tools for studying disease and analysing response to therapeutics. Recently, advances in patient-derived organoid (PDO) models have been shown to faithfully recapitulate structure, function, and therapeutic response for a wide range of tissues.
Abstract. Objectives. Clavicle fractures are common, yet debate exists regarding which patients would benefit from conservative versus operative management. Traditionally shortening greater than 2cm has been accepted as an indicator for surgery. However, clavicle length varies between individuals. In a cadaveric study clavicle shortening greater than 15% was suggested to affect outcomes. There is no clinical correlation of this in the literature. In this study we investigate outcomes following middle third clavicle fractures and the effect of percentage shortening on union rates. Methods. We identified a consecutive series of adults with primary midshaft clavicle fractures presenting to our institution from April 2015-March 2017. Clinical records and radiographs were reviewed to elicit outcomes. Time to union was measured against factors including; percentage shortening, displacement, comminution and smoking. Statistical significance was calculated. Results. 127 patients were identified, of whom 90 were managed conservatively and 37 operatively. Fractures were displaced in 86 patients (68%). Mean age was 41.7 years (range 18–89). Mean time to union for displaced fractures was longer than for undisplaced at 13.4 and 8.9 weeks respectively (p=0.0948). Displaced fractures treated operatively had mean time to union of 12.8 weeks, three weeks shorter than those managed conservatively (p=0.0470). Mean time to union for fractures with >15% shortening was 16.0 weeks, nearly double the 8.7 weeks with <15% shortening (p= 0.0241). Smokers had 8 weeks longer time to union (p=0.0082). Nonunion rate was 10% in fractures managed conservatively and 0% in those treated operatively. Complications following operative management were plate removal (13.5%),
Clavicular hook plates have been used over the last decade in the treatment of lateral clavicular fractures with good rates of union reported throughout the literature. Fewer studies have reported the functional outcome of these patients and some have reported potential soft tissue damage post plate removal. We aimed to review the functional outcomes alongside union rates in patients treated with hook plates for lateral clavicular fractures. In this retrospective case series, 21 patients with traumatic lateral third clavicular fractures were included. 15 had Neer type II fractures, 4 Neer type III fractures, 1 patient had a Neer type I fracture and 1 radiograph was not able to be classified. All patients were treated with clavicular hook plates at the same district general hospital by five experienced surgeons between March 2010 and February 2015 adhering to the same surgical protocol. All patients had standard physiotherapy and post operative follow up. Plates were removed when radiological union was achieved in all but one patient who had the plate removed before union was achieved due to prolonged non-union. Patients were followed up post plate removal and evaluated clinically using the Oxford Shoulder Score. Their post plate radiographs were assessed by an independent radiologist and bony union documented. 21 patients were included. Mean age was 40 (range 14–63) with a male:female ratio of 17:4. Mean follow up was 5 months post injury (1–26 months). The hook plate remained in situ for a mean time of 4.3 months (2–16 months). One patient developed a post-operative wound infection treated with antibiotics, 2 patients developed
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycaemia on oxidative stress markers and inflammatory and matrix gene expression within tendons of normal and diabetic rats and to give insights into the processes involved in tendinopathy. Using tenocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats, cultured both in control and high glucose conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell proliferation, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 and type I and III collagens were determined after 48 and 72 hours Objectives
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