Aims

The influence of identifiable pre-operative factors on the outcome of eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomy (ERAO) is unknown. We aimed to determine the factors that might influence the outcome, in order to develop a scoring system for predicting the prognosis for patients undergoing this procedure.

It is unclear whether patients with early radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) but severe hip symptoms benefit from total hip replacement (THR). We aimed to assess which factors were associated with successful THR in this patient group. From a consecutive series of 1,935 patients undergoing THR we identified 70 (3.6%) patients with early OA (Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grades 0-2). These were compared with 200 patients with advanced OA (KL grades 3–4). Outcomes were Oxford Hip Scores (OHS), EQ5D and EQ-VAS scores; compared pre-operatively with one year post-operatively. We investigated which clinical and radiographic (plain x-ray, CT, MRI) features predicted successful THR in the early OA group. Success was defined as reaching a postoperative OHS≥42. The early OA group were significantly younger (61 vs 66 years; P=0.0035). There were no significant differences in body mass index, ASA grade or gender. After adjusting for confounders, the advanced OA group had a significantly greater percentage of possible change (PoPC) in OHS (75.8% versus 50.4%; P<0.0001) and improvement in EQ5D (0.151 versus 0.002; P<0.0001). There were no significant differences in complication, revision or readmission rates. In the early OA group, we identified 16/70 (22.9%) patients who had a ‘successful’ THR. Of those with early OA, 38 patients had pre-operative CT or MRI scans. Patients who had a ‘successful’ THR were significantly more likely to have subchondral cysts on CT/MRI (91.7% versus 57.7%; P=0.0362). The presence of cysts on CT/MRI was associated with a significantly greater PoPC in OHS (61.6% versus 38.2%; P=0.0353). The combination of cysts and joint space width (JSW) <1mm was associated with a PoPC of 68%. Plain radiographs were found to significantly underestimate the narrowest JSW compared to CT/MRI (2.4mm versus 1.0mm; P<0.0001). We advise caution in performing THRs in patients with early OA (KL grades 0-2) on plain radiographs. We advocate pre-operative cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) in these patients. In the absence of cysts on cross-sectional imaging, a THR seems unlikely to provide a satisfactory outcome

Satisfactory intermediate and long-term results of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) for the treatment of early osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip have been reported. The purpose of this study is to examine the 30-year results of RAO. Between 1987 and 1994, we treated 49 patients (55 hips) with RAO for diagnosis of pre- OA or early-stage OA. Of those patients, 35 patients (43 hips) were available at a minimum of 28 years. The follow-up rate was 78.2% and the mean follow-up was 30.5 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 34 years. Clinical evaluation was performed with the Merle d'Aubigne and Postel rating scale, and radiographic analyses included measurements of the center-edge angle, acetabular roof angle, and head lateralization index on preoperative, postoperative AP radiographs of the pelvis. Postoperative joint congruency was classified into four grades. The radiographic evidence of progression of OA was defined as the minimum joint space less than 2.5mm. The mean preoperative clinical score was 14.0, which improved to a mean of 15.3 at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean center-edge angle improved from 0.6° preoperatively to 34° postoperatively, the mean acetabular roof angle improved from 28.4°preoperatively to 1.0°postoperatively, the mean head lateralization index improved from 0.642 preoperatively to 0.59 postoperatively. Postoperative joint congruency was excellent in 11 hips, good in 29 hips, and fair in 3 hips. Nineteen patients (20 hips) had radiographic OA progression, and 10 patients (11 hips) were converted to THA. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with radiographic OA progression as the end point, predicted survival of 75.6% at 20 years and 48.8% at 30 years, and with THA conversion as the end point, 90.2% at 20 years and 71.2% at 30 years. The RAO is an effective surgical procedure for symptomatic dysplastic hips of pre- and early-stage OA and could change the natural history of the dysplastic hip

There are a number of patients in whom hip preservation surgery is not indicated as they have developed signs of early osteoarthritis, and nor can they have a hip replacement as they are too early in the disease process. The use of PRP in OA of the hip has not been studied systematically and this study concisely collates all the available data in the use of PRP in Hip OA. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess intra-articular platelet-rich plasma as a therapeutic intervention for hip osteoarthritis, including the duration of efficacy, influence of dose and composition of PRP, and the incidence of adverse effects. We performed literature searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE and SCOPUS databases, and PRSIMA guidelines were followed. Data was pooled using random effects meta-analysis. We assessed quality of the included studies using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) instrument, with an additional assessment for Randomised Controlled Trials with the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Eight studies were included in the analysis, with data from a total of 331 patients. PRP significantly reduced pain compared to baseline at multiple timepoints, with the greatest effect at 1–2mo follow-up. PRP only significantly improved function at the 1–2mo follow-up. A significantly larger reduction in pain was achieved with a single injection or PRP compared to multiple injections, a total injected dose of PRP <15mL compared to ≥15mL or using a leukocyte-poor PRP preparation compared to leukocyte-rich PRP. There were no lasting adverse effects. Low and moderate quality evidence suggests that PRP reduces pain and improves function at endpoint compared to baseline. Moderate quality evidence suggests a larger reduction in pain is achieved with a single injection of PRP compared to multiple injections, and low quality evidence attributes a larger reduction of pain with a total injected dose of PRP <15mL compared to ≥15mL or using leukocyte-poor PRP compared to leukocyte-rich PRP

We report the mid- to long-term (mean 20.3 years, 10 to 32.5) results of the Chiari pelvic osteotomy in patients with pre- to advanced stage osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips. We followed 163 Japanese patients (173 hips) with a mean age at surgery of 20 years (9 to 54). Overall, 124 hips (72%) had satisfactory results, with Harris hip scores ≥ 80. Satisfactory results were seen in 105 of 134 hips with pre- or early osteoarthritis (78%) and 19 of 39 hips with advanced osteoarthritis (49%). A total of 15 hips (9%) underwent a total hip replacement (THR) with a mean interval between osteotomy and THR of 16.4 years. With conversion to THR as the endpoint, the 30-year survival rate was 85.9% (95% confidence interval 82.3 to 89.5). It was 91.8% for patients with pre- or early osteoarthritis and 43.6% for those with advanced osteoarthritis (p < 0.001). We now perform the Chiari osteotomy for patients with dysplastic hips showing poor joint congruency and who prefer a joint-conserving procedure to THR

Acetabular dysplasia (AD) can cause hip pain and early osteoarthritis. Lateral Centre Edge Angle (LCEA) and sourcil angle (AI) are plain radiographic measures of acetabular morphology, however there is little agreement as to what constitutes mild, moderate or severe dysplasia. This study aims to establish the correlation, if any, between two-dimensional (XR) and three-dimensional (CT) measurements of acetabular morphology and to establish the level of femoral head cover (CTFHC) for different levels of dysplasia. Methods. Governance board approved retrospective study. 353 PAOs performed by the senior author between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. Exclusion criteria were inadequate pre-operative CT imaging and/or plain radiographs, previous pelvic/hip surgery, acetabular retroversion, or femoral head asphericity. Of the remainder, 84 had 3D analysis by clinical graphics giving measurements for CTFHC, LCEA at 1100, 1200, 1300 and sourcil angle (AI). XRLCEA, AI, posterior wall index (PWI), and anterior wall index (AWI), were measured from supine AP pelvis radiographs. Pearson correlation coefficient, and mean CTFHC for stratified LCEAs were calculated. A linear regression model to predict CTFHC from XRLCEA was validated against these. Results. XRLCEA correlated very strongly with total femoral head coverage (Pearson=0.917, p<0.001). Mean CTFHC with XRLCEA between 15°-19.9° was 55% (range 51–59%). At 25° −29.9° mean CTFHC was 61%. There was a linear relation of CTFHC with XR LCEA such that CTFHC = 41.5 + 0.78(XRLCEA). This linear regression model predicted CTFHC 55% (95%CI 54–56%) for XRLCEA of 17.5°, and CTFHC 63% (95%CI 62–64%) for XRLCEA 27.5°. Conclusions. Currently an XRLCEA greater than 25° is considered normal. Previously reported normal values for CTFHC are 71–75%. This study demonstrates that those with acetabular parameters considered normal, may have low CTFHC and AD should be considered as a cause for their hip pain

Excessive acetabular cover secondary to a retroverted acetabulum causes pincer impingement, which may cause early osteoarthritis of the hip. Our aim was to determine if there was a relationship between acetabular version and osteoarthritis of the hip. Using image processing and analysis software we studied 117 CT images of the hip in patients aged less than 65 years who had undergone a CT virtual colonoscopy. The mean CT joint space of the 18 hips with acetabular retroversion was narrower compared with the 99 hips with normal acetabular alignment (p < 0.0001). A correlation of r = 0.46 (p < 0.01) was found between right hip acetabular version and the mean right hip joint space and of r = 0.31 (p = 0.02) between left hip acetabular version and the mean left hip joint space. Acetabular retroversion is associated with radiological evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip. An understanding of the mechanical basis of osteoarthritis of the hip allows early treatment of the underlying structural abnormality and prevents progression of the degenerative condition

Introduction. Acetabular retroversion (AR) can cause pain and early osteoarthritis. The sagittal pelvic position or pelvic tilt (PT)has a direct relationship with acetabular orientation. As the pelvis tilts anteriorly, PT reduces and AR increases. Therefore, AR may be a deformity secondary to abnormal PT (functional retroversion) or an anatomical deformity of the acetabulum and/or pelvic ring. This study aims to:. Define PT at presentation is in AR patients and whether this is different to controls (volunteers without pain). Assess whether the PT changes following a anteverting periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Methods. PT was measured for 51 patients who underwent a successful PAO. Mean age at PAO was 29±6 years and 48 were females. PT, pelvic incidence (PI), anterior pelvic plane (APP), and sacral slope (SS) were measured from CT data in 23 patients and compared to 44 (32±7 years old, 4 females) asymptomatic volunteers. Change in pelvic tilt in all 51 patients was measured using the Sacro-Femoral-Pubic angle (SFP), a validated method, from pre- and post-operative radiographs at a mean interval of 2.5(±2) years. Results. In the AR group lateral centre edge angle changed from 30° (SD 8°) to 36° (SD 6°) and sourcil angle changed from 4° (±7°) to −1° (±7°). The cross over sign was present in 96.2% (49/51) pre-PAO (cross-over ratio: 0.42); it remained in 9 hips (17.6%) post-PAO but the crossover ratio reduced (0.16). Mean PT in the asymptomatic group was 5° (SD 6°) and the same as the symptomatic group (4±4, p=0.256). However, in the symptomatic group, SS (38°(±9°)), APP (11°(±7°)) and PI (42° (±9°)) were different to the asymptomatic group (45° (SD 7°), p=0.002, 7° (±7°), p=0.021, and 50° (±9°), p=0.001 respectively). The pelvic tilt pre-operatively was 3° (±4°) remained unchanged post-operatively (4°±4°, p=0.676). Discussion. PT is not different in patients with symptomatic AR undergoing PAO when compared to a group of asymptomatic controls, nor does it change following PAO. This argues against the theory that AR is caused by abnormal PT. However, PI, SS and the APP are different suggesting that AR is a true morphological abnormality of the pelvis

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to determine the ten-year outcome following surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We assessed whether the evolution of practice from open to arthroscopic techniques influenced outcomes and tested whether any patient, radiological, or surgical factors were associated with outcome.

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate time to arthroplasty among patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to identify factors at enrolment to first-line intervention that are prognostic for progression to surgery.

Aims

To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-targeted simvastatin-loaded microbubble destruction (UTMD_SV) for alleviation of the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits through modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ).

Impingement by prominence at the femoral head-neck junction on the anterior acetabular rim may cause early osteoarthritis. Our aim was to develop a simple method to describe concavity at this junction, and then to test it by its ability to distinguish quantitatively a group of patients with clinical evidence of impingement from asymptomatic individuals who had normal hips on examination. MR scans of 39 patients with groin pain, decreased internal rotation and a positive impingement test were compared with those of 35 asymptomatic control subjects. The waist of the femoral head-neck junction was identified on tilted axial MR scans passing through the centre of the head. The anterior margin of the waist of the femoral neck was defined and measured by an angle (α). In addition, the width of the femoral head-neck junction was measured at two sites. Repeated measurements showed good reproducibility among four observers. The angle α averaged 74.0° for the patients and 42.0° for the control group (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also found between the patient and control groups for the scaled width of the femoral neck at both sites. Using standardised MRI, the symptomatic hips of patients who have impingement have significantly less concavity at the femoral head-neck junction than do normal hips. This test may be of value in patients with loss of internal rotation for which a cause is not found

Aims

Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) has been reported to be effective in improving symptoms and preventing osteoarthritis (OA) progression in patients with mild to severe develomental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, some patients develop secondary OA even when the preoperative joint space is normal; determining who will progress to OA is difficult. We evaluated whether the preoperative cartilage condition may predict OA progression following surgery using T2 mapping MRI.

We have reviewed 103 of 126 Chiari osteotomies carried out in our department between 1956 and 1987. The cases were graded radiologically, using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) system, into a pre/early osteoarthritis (OA) group and an advanced OA group. In the pre/early group there were 86 hips. The mean follow-up was for 17.1 years (4 to 37). Preoperatively, 51 hips had an average JOA clinical score of 78.6 ± 8.4 points and the final mean JOA clinical score was 89.4 ± 12.5 points. Advanced degenerative change developed in 33.7% and one hip required a total replacement arthroplasty (TRA). Chiari osteotomy alone, without accompanying intertrochanteric osteotomy, was performed on 62 hips. For these the median survival time was 26.0 ± 2.5 years, using as the endpoint progression to advanced OA. Differences in survivorship curves related significantly to the severity of the preoperative OA, the shape of the femoral head and the level of osteotomy. In the advanced OA group, we followed up 17 hips for a mean of 16.2 years (1 to 27). Before operation, the mean JOA clinical score in 13 hips was 63.2 ± 7.9 points and the final score 84.0 ± 12.0 points. TRA was eventually carried out on four hips. Our findings suggest that the Chiari osteotomy remains radiologically effective for about 25 years. The procedure is best suited to subluxated hips with round or flat femoral heads and early or no degenerative change. Intra-articular osteotomy can lead to osteonecrosis, and should be avoided. In hips with advanced OA, the Chiari procedure creates an acetabulum which facilitates later TRA, and may delay the need for this procedure in younger patients

Aims

This paper aims to review the evidence for patient-related factors associated with less favourable outcomes following hip arthroscopy.

Aims

Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle strength, gait speed, and clinical outcome in the operated hip after RAO over a one-year period using a standard protocol for rehabilitation.

Objectives

Legg–Calvé–Perthes’ disease (LCP) is an idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head that is most common in children between four and eight years old. The factors that lead to the onset of LCP are still unclear; however, it is believed that interruption of the blood supply to the developing epiphysis is an important factor in the development of the condition.

Objectives

The number of surgical procedures performed each year to treat femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) continues to rise. Although there is evidence that surgery can improve symptoms in the short-term, there is no evidence that it slows the development of osteoarthritis (OA). We performed a feasibility study to determine whether patient and surgeon opinion was permissive for a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing operative with non-operative treatment for FAI.

The acetabular labrum is a soft-tissue structure which lines the acetabular rim of the hip joint. Its role in hip joint biomechanics and joint health has been of particular interest over the past decade. In normal hip joint biomechanics, the labrum is crucial in retaining a layer of pressurised intra-articular fluid for joint lubrication and load support/distribution. Its seal around the femoral head is further regarded as a contributing to hip stability through its suction effect. The labrum itself is also important in increasing contact area thereby reducing contact stress. Given the labrum’s role in normal hip joint biomechanics, surgical techniques for managing labral damage are continuously evolving as our understanding of its anatomy and function continue to progress. The current paper aims to review the anatomy and biomechanical function of the labrum and how they are affected by differing surgical techniques.

Take home message: The acetabular labrum plays a critical role in hip function and maintaining and restoring its function during surgical intervention remain an essential goal.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:730–5.

The term developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a spectrum of disorders that results in abnormal development of the hip joint. If not treated successfully in childhood, these patients may go on to develop hip symptoms and/or secondary osteoarthritis in adulthood. In this review we describe the altered anatomy encountered in adults with DDH along with the management options, and the challenges associated with hip arthroscopy, osteotomies and arthroplasty for the treatment of DDH in young adults.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:732–7.