We reviewed 87 patients who had undergone expansive cervical laminoplasty between 1999 and 2005. These were divided into two groups: those who had
T2D is postulated to be an important aetiological factor for lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), which itself has a well documented relationship with low back pain. Obesity increases risk of both T2D, low back pain and LDD. Connective tissue modification has been reported in hyperglycaemia, but the epidemiology of LDD in T2D has not been described to date. A population sample of unselected same-sex adult twin pairs was studied who had attended a spine MR study and completed general health questionnaires defining T2D by self-report. LDD had been coded as the sum of five lumbar discs coded (0–3) for each of height, signal intensity, disc bulge and anterior osteophytes. Risk factors for LDD included age, body-mass index (BMI), sex, alcohol consumption and smoking. Mean age of the 1011 participants = 54 years (sd=8), mean BMI=25 kg/m2 (sd=4), 95% female. The prevalence of T2D was 6%. Twins with T2D had increased BMI (27 vs 25 kg/m2, p<0.001) and were older (59 vs 54 years, p<0.001). LDD score in T2D was significantly higher in diabetic cases than controls (14.9 vs 13.1, p=0.04) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis inclusion of age and BMI abrogated the effect of T2D.Background and aims:
Methods and results:
Aims. Implant-related postoperative spondylodiscitis (IPOS) is a severe complication in spine surgery and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. With growing knowledge in the field of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), equivalent investigations towards the management of implant-related infections of the spine are indispensable. To our knowledge, this study provides the largest description of cases of IPOS to date. Methods. Patients treated for IPOS from January 2006 to December 2020 were included. Patient demographics, parameters upon admission and discharge, radiological imaging, and microbiological results were retrieved from medical records. CT and MRI were analyzed for epidural, paravertebral, and intervertebral abscess formation, vertebral destruction, and endplate involvement. Pathogens were identified by CT-guided or intraoperative biopsy, intraoperative tissue sampling, or implant sonication. Results. A total of 32 cases of IPOS with a mean patient age of 68.7 years (37.6 to 84.1) were included.
Background. FORECAST is a prospective longitudinal cohort study exploring mechanism-based prognostic factors for pain persistence in sciatica. Here, we share an update on this largest deeply-phenotyped primary care sciatica cohort. Methods/results. Our cohort includes 180 people with sciatica (score >4 on Stynes’ Sum Score), aged 18–85, within 3 months of symptom onset. Psychosocial factors, self-reported sensory profiling, clinical examination, quantitative sensory testing (QST), biological samples (blood and skin samples), and Magnetic Resonance Neurography of lumbar nerve roots were collected at baseline. Pain persistence was determined at three and twelve months with the Sciatica Bothersomeness Index (SBI) and a numeric pain rating scale (NRS) as primary outcomes. Recruitment nears completion, with 160 participants enrolled to date. 127 and 96 participants have completed 3 and 12 months follow-up respectively. Overall, 56% of our cohort are female, with a mean age (SD) of 54.14yrs (16.57). Ethnicity data approximates local populations. SBI at baseline was (median [IQR]) 13[10-17], and interim longitudinal data shows stepwise improvement at 3 and 12 months. Baseline ‘average’ pain intensity was 5.56 (2.15) for leg pain, and 4.14(2.82) for low back pain (LBP). Overall, pain scores decreased at 3 and 12 months, with greater reductions in leg pain than LBP at 12 months. However, around 55–80% and 40–65% of people reported persistent pain at 3 and 12 months respectively. Conclusion. Leg pain severity was moderate and higher than LBP at baseline. All primary outcome measures demonstrate improvement over time, however 40–65% of patients report persistent pain at 12 months. Conflicts of interest. LR: Paid facilitation of post-graduate courses internationally. SK, MT, FP, KM, WS, CP, CR, SC: No conflicts of interest. GC: Editor in Chief of Health Psychology Review. Director of board of directors, MentalCHealth Care setting NoordWestVlaanderen. JF: Copyright holder of ODI (Oswestry Disability Index). Served on a data monitoring committee for a clinical trial of 2 different surgical approaches to cervical disc herniation (FORVAD). Member of HTA Prioritisation Committee B: Inside hospital Care from 2015-February 2019. Member of HTA Interventional Procedures Panel from 2010–2015. Trustee and board member of 3 spine related charities – Back to Back; British Scoliosis Research Foundation and BackCare. Expert instructed by both claimant and defendant solicitors in negligence and person injury cases. GB: Paid consultancy (RNA-seq) with Ivy Farm and Coding.bio. ABS: Paid post-graduate lecturing internationally. Co-chair NeupSig sciatica working group (unpaid). Sources of funding. This project is funded by UKRI and Versus Arthritis as part of the UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund (SPF) Advanced Pain Discovery Platform (APDP), a co-funded initiative by UKRI (MRC, BBSRC, ESRC), Versus Arthritis, the Medical Research Foundation and Eli Lilly and Company Ltd (Grant MR/W027003/1). Additional funding has been received from the back to back charity to expand longitudinal components of the study. LR has received support with PhD fees from the CSP charitable trust. ABS is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development Fellowship. (222101/Z/20/Z). WS is partly funded through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. FP is funded by a Dorothy Hodgkin Career Development Fellowship in Chemistry in association with Somerville College. GB is supported by the Wellcome Trust (223149/Z/21/Z) and
The aim of this study was to reassess the rate of neurological, psoas-related, and abdominal complications associated with L4-L5 lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) undertaken using a standardized preoperative assessment and surgical technique. This was a multicentre retrospective study involving consecutively enrolled patients who underwent L4-L5 LLIF by seven surgeons at seven institutions in three countries over a five-year period. The demographic details of the patients and the details of the surgery, reoperations and complications, including femoral and non-femoral neuropraxia, thigh pain, weakness of hip flexion, and abdominal complications, were analyzed. Neurological and psoas-related complications attributed to LLIF or posterior instrumentation and persistent symptoms were recorded at one year postoperatively.Aims
Methods
Traumatic central cord syndrome (CCS) typically follows a hyperextension injury and results in motor impairment affecting the upper limbs more than the lower, with occasional sensory impairment and urinary retention. Current evidence on mortality and long-term outcomes is limited. The primary aim of this study was to assess the five-year mortality of CCS, and to determine any difference in mortality between management groups or age. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with a traumatic CCS between January 2012 and December 2017 in Wales were identified. Patient demographics and data about injury, management, and outcome were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess mortality and between-group differences.Aims
Methods
To identify the incidence and risk factors for five-year same-site recurrent disc herniation (sRDH) after primary single-level lumbar discectomy. Secondary outcome was the incidence and risk factors for five-year sRDH reoperation. A retrospective study was conducted using prospectively collected data and patient-reported outcome measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), between 2008 and 2019. Postoperative sRDH was identified from clinical notes and the centre’s MRI database, with all imaging providers in the region checked for missing events. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate five-year sRDH incidence. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent variables predictive of sRDH, with any variable not significant at the p < 0.1 level removed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Aims
Methods
Surgical approaches to cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remain controversial. The purpose of the present study was to analyze and compare the long-term neurological recovery following anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and posterior laminectomy and fusion with bone graft and internal fixation (PLF) based on > ten-year follow-up outcomes in a single centre. Included in this retrospective cohort study were 48 patients (12 females; mean age 55.79 years (SD 8.94)) who were diagnosed with cervical OPLL, received treatment in our centre, and were followed up for 10.22 to 15.25 years. Of them, 24 patients (six females; mean age 52.88 years (SD 8.79)) received ADF, and the other 24 patients (five females; mean age 56.25 years (SD 9.44)) received PLF. Clinical data including age, sex, and the OPLL canal-occupying ratio were analyzed and compared. The primary outcome was Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the secondary outcome was visual analogue scale neck pain.Aims
Methods
This study was performed to explore the effect of melatonin on pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the underlying mechanism of that effect. This experiment included three patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation who failed conservative treatment. Nucleus pulposus tissue was isolated from these patients when they underwent surgical intervention, and primary NPCs were isolated and cultured. Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence staining, and other methods were used to detect changes in related signalling pathways and the ability of cells to resist pyroptosis.Aims
Methods
Postoperative complication rates remain relatively high after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The extent to which modifiable patient-related factors influence complication rates in patients with ASD has not been effectively evaluated. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the association between modifiable patient-related factors and complications after corrective surgery for ASD. ASD patients with two-year data were included. Complications were categorized as follows: any complication, major, medical, surgical, major mechanical, major radiological, and reoperation. Modifiable risk factors included smoking, obesity, osteoporosis, alcohol use, depression, psychiatric diagnosis, and hypertension. Patients were stratified by the degree of baseline deformity (low degree of deformity (LowDef)/high degree of deformity (HighDef): below or above 20°) and age (Older/Younger: above or below 65 years). Complication rates were compared for modifiable risk factors in each age/deformity group, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to adjust for confounders.Aims
Methods
Gram-negative infections are associated with comorbid patients, but outcomes are less well understood. This study reviewed diagnosis, management, and treatment for a cohort treated in a tertiary spinal centre. A retrospective review was performed of all gram-negative spinal infections (n = 32; median age 71 years; interquartile range 60 to 78), excluding surgical site infections, at a single centre between 2015 to 2020 with two- to six-year follow-up. Information regarding organism identification, antibiotic regime, and treatment outcomes (including clinical, radiological, and biochemical) were collected from clinical notes.Aims
Methods
The optimal procedure for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of anterior cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament en bloc resection (ACOE) with posterior laminectomy and fusion with bone graft and internal fixation (PTLF) for the surgical management of patients with this condition. Between July 2017 and July 2019, 40 patients with cervical OPLL were equally randomized to undergo surgery with an ACOE or a PTLF. The clinical and radiological results were compared between the two groups.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to report the long-term prognosis of patients with multiple Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving the spine, and to analyze the risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS). We included 28 patients with multiple LCH involving the spine treated between January 2009 and August 2021. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and PFS. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with PFS.Aims
Methods
Aims. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and radiological
outcomes of instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) performed in
patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). . Methods. A total of 40 patients with RA and 134 patients without RA underwent
instrumented PLF for spinal stenosis between January 2003 and December
2011. The two groups were matched for age, gender, bone mineral
density, the history of smoking and
Open discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar outcomes to OD and there is increasing interest in this procedure. However despite improved surgical techniques and instrumentation, reoperation and infection rates continue and are reported to be between 6% and 24% and 0.7% and 16%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation and infection within six months of patients being treated for LDH either by OD or PELD. In this retrospective, nationwide cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance database from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 was reviewed. Data were extracted for patients who underwent OD or PELD for LDH without a history of having undergone either procedure during the preceding year. Individual patients were followed for six months through their encrypted unique resident registration number. The primary endpoints were rates of reoperation and infection during the follow-up period. Other risk factors for reoperation and infection were also evalulated.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for adverse events following the surgical correction of cervical spinal deformities in adults. We identified adult patients who underwent corrective cervical spinal surgery between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015 from the MarketScan database. The baseline comorbidities and characteristics of the operation were recorded. Adverse events were defined as the development of a complication, an unanticipated deleterious postoperative event, or further surgery. Patients aged < 18 years and those with a previous history of tumour or trauma were excluded from the study.Aims
Methods
Background. Recent studies show massage is effective in reducing back pain and heat and warmth during massage increases an individual's sense of wellbeing. The Ceragem V3 automatic thermal massage bed utilises principles of thermal massage to provide a therapeutic tool for individuals with conditions including
As the population ages and the surgical complexity of lumbar spinal surgery increases, the preoperative stratification of risk becomes increasingly important. Understanding the risks is an important factor in decision-making and optimizing the preoperative condition of the patient. Our aim was to determine whether the modified five-item frailty index (mFI-5) and nutritional parameters could be used to predict postoperative complications in patients undergoing simple or complex lumbar spinal fusion. We retrospectively reviewed 584 patients who had undergone lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative lumbar spinal disease. The 'simple' group (SG) consisted of patients who had undergone one- or two-level posterior lumbar fusion. The 'complex' group (CG) consisted of patients who had undergone fusion over three or more levels, or combined anterior and posterior surgery. On admission, the mFI-5 was calculated and nutritional parameters collected.Aims
Methods
Introduction. Genetic predisposition is a key causal factor in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which is the most common form of spinal deformity. However, common quantitative genetic effect estimates such as hereditability have not been fully evaluated and reported for this disorder. We aimed to determine the sibling recurrent risk and hereditability of AIS in first-degree relatives of 513 Chinese patients with this disorder. Methods. Family members of 513 Chinese patients with AIS attending a scoliosis clinic were assessed. A diagnosis of AIS was made with the criteria of Cobb angle greater than 20°. The evaluation included clinical assessment and physical examination in a health screening centre by medical doctors with use of forward bending test. Any positive screening cases were referred to a scoliosis clinic for follow-up spinal radiograph. All radiographs were assessed by an orthopaedic surgeon in the scoliosis clinic. A population prevalence of scoliosis was obtained from the data of a territory-wide screening campaign. The prevalence of AIS among siblings of probands was measured both overall and divided by sex of siblings. The sibling recurrent risk (λs) was calculated for male and female siblings separately with reported population incidence of AIS. Results. The 513 probands had 640 siblings, and 110 affected siblings were identified (17·2%, 95% CI 14·3–20·1), which was significantly higher than the disease prevalence in the general population (1·39%, p<0·0001). The prevalence of AIS was 11·3% (7·6–14·9) in male siblings and 22·2% (17·8–26·6) in female siblings. The prevalence of AIS in female siblings was significantly higher than that in male siblings (p<0·001). The average sibling recurrent risk ratio (λs) was 12·4. Overall, heritability was estimated to be 87·5%. Conclusions. The results confirmed the prevailing impression of a strong genetic effect on risk of AIS. We provided these standard genetic aggregation estimates and hereditability of AIS for the first time. The estimates allow comparison with other complex diseases such as
Purpose of study. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of Gram negative bacterial vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) within our unit during a 3-year study period and evaluate if this corresponds to published evidence that the occurrence is increasing. Methods. Between May 2007 and May 2010, all patients, over the age of 18 years, suffering from Gram-negative VO were identified and their microbiological diagnoses were evaluated. All patients were treated within a large tertiary spinal surgery unit in Leeds. Results. This study identified 79 patients with haematogenous VO. Of these 79 patients, 10 patients (12.66%) had Gram-negative organisms isolated. These organisms included E. Coli (4), Pseudomonal aeruginosa (3), Klebsiella pneumonia (1), Haemophilus influenza (1) and Enterobacter cloacae (1). Four patients had the causative organism isolated on =2 positive blood cultures, three from biopsy and =2 positive blood culture, one from biopsy alone and two were diagnosed from 1 positive blood culture. Conclusion. VO is a common manifestation of osteomyelitis in adults, representing 2-7% of all cases of osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative aetiological agent in haematogenous spinal infections, accounting for between 40 - 60% of cases. Despite the fact that Gram negative bacteria infections represent a minor proportion of all cases of VO, around 15 - 23%, recent evidence suggests that the microbiology of this disease may be changing and the incidence of Gram-negative bacterial infections are increasing. This has been attributed a variety of factors including, an increasing proportion of individuals with predisposing risk factors such as advanced age,
