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The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 82-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1038 - 1041
1 Sep 2000
Maigne J Lagauche D Doursounian L

Coccygectomy is a controversial operation. Some authors have reported good results, but others advise against the procedure. The criteria for selection are ill-defined. We describe a study to validate an objective criterion for patient selection, namely radiological instability of the coccyx as judged by intermittent subluxation or hypermobility seen on lateral dynamic radiographs when sitting. We enrolled prospectively 37 patients with chronic pain because of coccygeal instability unrelieved by conservative treatment who were not involved in litigation. The operation was performed by the same surgeon. Patients were followed up for a minimum of two years after coccygectomy, with independent assessment at two years. There were 23 excellent, 11 good and three poor results. The mean time to definitive improvement was four to eight months. Coccygectomy gave good results in this group of patients


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 2, Issue 7 | Pages 540 - 544
19 Jul 2021
Jensen MM Milosevic S Andersen GØ Carreon L Simony A Rasmussen MM Andersen MØ

Aims. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor outcome following coccygectomy on patients with chronic coccydynia and instability of the coccyx. Methods. From the Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, 134 consecutive patients were identified from a single centre who had coccygectomy from 2011 to 2019. Patient demographic data and patient-reported outcomes, including pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire, and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were obtained at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Patient satisfaction was obtained at follow-up. Regression analysis, including age, sex, smoking status, BMI, duration of symptoms, work status, welfare payment, preoperative VAS, ODI, and SF-36 was performed to identify factors associated with dissatisfaction with results at one-year follow-up. Results. A minimum of one year follow-up was available in 112 patients (84%). Mean age was 41.9 years (15 to 78) and 97 of the patients were female (87%). Regression showed no statistically significant association between the investigated prognostic factors and a poor outcome following coccygectomy. The satisfied group showed a statistically significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at one-year follow-up from baseline, whereas the dissatisfied group did not show a significant improvement. Conclusion. We did not identify factors associated with poor outcome following coccygectomy. This suggests that neither of the included parameters should be considered contraindications for coccygectomy in patients with chronic coccydynia and instability of the coccyx. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):540–544


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 1, Issue 11 | Pages 709 - 714
5 Nov 2020
Finsen V Kalstad AM Knobloch RG

Aims

We aimed to establish the short- and long-term efficacy of corticosteroid injection for coccydynia, and to determine if betamethasone or triamcinolone has the best effect.

Methods

During 2009 to 2016, we treated 277 patients with chronic coccydynia with either one 6 mg betamethasone or one 20 mg triamcinolone cortisone injection. A susequent injection was given to 62 (26%) of the patients. All were reviewed three to four months after injection, and 241 replied to a questionnaire a mean of 36 months (12 to 88) after the last injection. No pain at the early review was considered early success. When the patient had not been subsequently operated on, and indicated on the questionnaire that they were either well or much better, it was considered a long-term success.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_X | Pages 57 - 57
1 Apr 2012
Thavarajah D Powell G Ashmore A Floyd A
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Coccygectomy, surgical excision of the coccyx, may be used to treat coccydynia, a chronic and disabling condition of the lowest part of the spine. It is a controversial and infrequently performed operation that many surgeons are reluctant to perform due to the risks of rectal perforation and infection. The criteria for patient selection for coccygectomy remain ill-defined. We present a single surgeon case series of 17 patients who underwent coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia. This was a retrospective observarional case series analysis. Case notes of 17 patients who underwent coccygectomy from 1999 -2009 were obtained and analysed. We then carried out telephone survey for which only 15 patients were contactable. We used the Milton Keynes Orthopaedic Patient Satisfaction survey and the modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. All patients had a two to three year history of coccydynia; 15 following trauma, one following a caudal injection and one following birth delivery. All patients had received between one and five lignocaine/methylprednisolone injections prior to coccygectomy, with documented initial symptom relief. All 17 patients had documented hypermobile sacro-coccygeal joints. Post-operative symptom relief varied between 60% and 100%, with all patients reporting that they would have their surgery again. Complications included three post-operative wound infections. There were no cases of rectal perforation. Coccygectomy for intractable coccydynia is sometimes the only option available. With good patient selection, including identification of a hypermobile joint with initial symptom relief following local injection, coccygectomy is a successful and safe treatment


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 3 | Pages 542 - 546
1 Mar 2021
Milosevic S Andersen GØ Jensen MM Rasmussen MM Carreon L Andersen MØ Simony A

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability.

Methods

The Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, was used to identify 134 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2019. Routine demographic data, surgical variables, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 to 100) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were collected at baseline and one-year postoperatively.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1301 - 1308
1 Jul 2021
Sugiura K Morimoto M Higashino K Takeuchi M Manabe A Takao S Maeda T Sairyo K

Aims

Although lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are well-documented, few large-scale studies have investigated thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (TLTV) and spinal numerical variants. This study sought to establish the prevalence of numerical variants and to evaluate their relationship with clinical problems.

Methods

A total of 1,179 patients who had undergone thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic CT scanning were divided into groups according to the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the presence or absence of TLTV or LSTV. The prevalence of spinal anomalies was noted. The relationship of spinal anomalies to clinical symptoms (low back pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) was also investigated.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 4 | Pages 526 - 533
1 Apr 2016
Hanley EN Ode G Jackson III JB Seymour R

Aims

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia.

Patients and Methods

Between 2007 and 2011, 98 patients underwent coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia. The patients were aged > 18 years, had coccygeal pain, local tenderness and a radiological abnormality, and had failed conservative management. Outcome measures were the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Secondary analysis compared the pre-operative features and the outcomes of patients with successful and failed treatment, two years post-operatively. The threshold for success was based on a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) on the ODI of 20 points. All other patients, including those lost to follow-up, were classified as failures.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 92-B, Issue 2 | Pages 242 - 245
1 Feb 2010
Trollegaard AM Aarby NS Hellberg S

Between 1993 and 2008, 41 patients underwent total coccygectomy for coccydynia which had failed to respond to six months of conservative management. Of these, 40 patients were available for clinical review and 39 completed a questionnaire giving their evaluation of the effect of the operation. Excellent or good results were obtained in 33 of the 41 patients, comprising 18 of the 21 patients with coccydynia due to trauma, five of the eight patients with symptoms following childbirth and ten of 12 idiopathic onset. In eight patients the results were moderate or poor, although none described worse pain after the operation. The only post-operative complication was superficial wound infection which occurred in five patients and which settled fully with antibiotic treatment. One patient required re-operation for excision of the distal cornua of the sacrum.

Total coccygectomy offered satisfactory relief of pain in the majority of patients regardless of the cause of their symptoms.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 93-B, Issue 7 | Pages 955 - 960
1 Jul 2011
Tobler WD Ferrara LA

The presacral retroperitoneal approach for axial lumbar interbody fusion (presacral ALIF) is not widely reported, particularly with regard to the mid-term outcome. This prospective study describes the clinical outcomes, complications and rates of fusion at a follow-up of two years for 26 patients who underwent this minimally invasive technique along with further stabilisation using pedicle screws. The fusion was single-level at the L5-S1 spinal segment in 17 patients and two-level at L4–5 and L5-S1 in the other nine. The visual analogue scale for pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores were recorded pre-operatively and during the 24-month study period. The evaluation of fusion was by thin-cut CT scans at six and 12 months, and flexion-extension plain radiographs at six, 12 and 24 months. Significant reductions in pain and disability occurred as early as three weeks postoperatively and were maintained. Fusion was achieved in 22 of 24 patients (92%) at 12 months and in 23 patients (96%) at 24 months. One patient (4%) with a pseudarthrosis underwent successful revision by augmentation of the posterolateral fusion mass through a standard open midline approach.

There were no severe adverse events associated with presacral ALIF, which in this series demonstrated clinical outcomes and fusion rates comparable with those of reports of other methods of interbody fusion.