Advertisement for orthosearch.org.uk
Results 1 - 11 of 11
Results per page:
Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XXVII | Pages 53 - 53
1 Jun 2012
Lam T Hung V Yeung H Yu F Chan C Ng B Lee K Qin L Cheng J
Full Access

Introduction

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with low bone mineral density, which could be related to its etiopathogenesis. Apart from bone density, bone micro-architectures are equally important for better understanding of disease initiation and progression in AIS. Quantitative assessment of bone quality is hampered by the invasive nature of investigations, until recently when the high-resolution pQCT (XtremeCT) became available for revolutionary in-vivo microimaging and derivation of bone micro-architectural parameters. Our objective was to use this powerful instrument to study bone qualities in AIS and compare findings with those from healthy controls.

Methods

48 girls with AIS and 84 sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Cobb angle was measured with standing radiographs, and imaging of the non-dominant distal radius was captured with XtremeCT according to a standard protocol.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_I | Pages 7 - 7
1 Jan 2012
van de Water A Eadie J Hurley D
Full Access

Background and purpose

Sleep disturbance is frequently reported by people with chronic low back pain (CLBP >12 weeks), but there is limited knowledge of their sleep quality compared to healthy people. While disturbed sleep influences patients' mood, quality of life and recovery, few studies have comprehensively investigated sleep in CLBP. This study investigated differences in sleep profiles of people with CLBP, compared to age- and gender matched controls over seven consecutive nights.

Methods

Thirty-two consenting subjects (n=16 with CLBP, n=16 matched controls), aged 24-65 years (43.8% male) underwent an interview regarding sleep influencing variables (e.g. mattress firmness, caffeine consumption), completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, SF36-v2, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and CLBP measures (i.e. Oswestry Disability Index and Numerical Pain Scales), recorded seven consecutive nights of sleep in their home using actigraphy, and completed a Devices Utility Questionnaire.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1093 - 1098
1 Aug 2016
Park S Kim HJ Ko BG Chung JW Kim SH Park SH Lee MH Yeom JS

Aims. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and to examine its impact on patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Patients and Methods. This case-control study included two groups: one group consisting of patients with DLSS and a second group of control subjects without low back or neck pain and related leg pain. Five control cases were randomly selected and matched by age and gender (n = 77 cases and n = 385 controls) for each DLSS case. Appendicular muscle mass, hand-grip strength, sit-to-stand test, timed up and go (TUG) test, and clinical outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and the EuroQol EQ-5D were compared between the two groups. Results. The prevalence of sarcopenia, as defined by hand-grip strength, was significantly higher in the DLSS group (24%) when compared with the age- and gender-matched control group (12%) (p = 0.004). In the DLSS group, the sarcopenia subgroup demonstrated inferior results for the TUG test and ODI scores when compared with the non-sarcopenia subgroup (p = 0.006 and p = 0.039, respectively) after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion. This study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DLSS and highlighted its negative effect on clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1093–8


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 5, Issue 3 | Pages 243 - 251
25 Mar 2024
Wan HS Wong DLL To CS Meng N Zhang T Cheung JPY

Aims

This systematic review aims to identify 3D predictors derived from biplanar reconstruction, and to describe current methods for improving curve prediction in patients with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted by three independent investigators on MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Search terms included “adolescent idiopathic scoliosis”,“3D”, and “progression”. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully defined to include clinical studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool (QUIPS) and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS), and level of evidence for each predictor was rated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. In all, 915 publications were identified, with 377 articles subjected to full-text screening; overall, 31 articles were included.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 3 | Pages 286 - 292
1 Mar 2024
Tang S Cheung JPY Cheung PWH

Aims

To systematically evaluate whether bracing can effectively achieve curve regression in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to identify any predictors of curve regression after bracing.

Methods

Two independent reviewers performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to obtain all published information about the effectiveness of bracing in achieving curve regression in AIS patients. Search terms included “brace treatment” or “bracing,” “idiopathic scoliosis,” and “curve regression” or “curve reduction.” Inclusion criteria were studies recruiting patients with AIS undergoing brace treatment and one of the study outcomes must be curve regression or reduction, defined as > 5° reduction in coronal Cobb angle of a major curve upon bracing completion. Exclusion criteria were studies including non-AIS patients, studies not reporting p-value or confidence interval, animal studies, case reports, case series, and systematic reviews. The GRADE approach to assessing quality of evidence was used to evaluate each publication.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 98-B, Issue SUPP_6 | Pages 1 - 1
1 Feb 2016
Esteves J
Full Access

Background and purpose of study:. Chronic back pain is a complex and poorly understood condition incorporating sensory, cognitive and emotional elements. Research demonstrates a strong association between chronic back pain and cognitive and non-cognitive factors such as anxiety, depression, fear-avoidance and self-efficacy. However, until very recently, the way in which chronic back pain sufferers process their emotions was largely unknown. To this end, we conducted two case-control studies using a between-groups correlational design to investigate the relationship between chronic back pain and emotional processing. Methods and results:. In study 1, 55 chronic back pain sufferers and 55 pain-free individuals were administered the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) to determine whether chronic back pain sufferers process their emotions differently from pain-free individuals. In study 2, 32 CBP sufferers and 27 pain-free individuals were administered the EPS, PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 to further test if chronic back pain is associated with altered emotional process and whether anxiety and depression may play a role in this relationship. Conclusion:. Our studies demonstrate that altered emotional processing and regulation are strongly associated with chronic back pain. Prospective studies are necessary before it can be ascertained whether this relationship is causative or as a consequence of chronic back pain. However, our results are in line with a recent prospective neuroimaging study, which demonstrates that chronification of low back pain shifts brain representation from nociceptive to emotional circuits. It is therefore critical that clinicians in the field of musculoskeletal care consider the role of emotional processing in their patients' evaluation and management


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 86-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1021 - 1026
1 Sep 2004
Matsui Y Mirza SK Wu J Carter B Bellabarba C Shaffrey CI Chapman JR Eyre DR

Two collagen type IX gene polymorphisms that introduce a tryptophan residue into the protein’s triple-helical domain have been linked to an increased risk of lumbar disc disease. To determine whether a particular subset of symptomatic lumbar disease is specifically associated with these polymorphisms, we performed a prospective case-control study of 107 patients who underwent surgery of the lumbar spine. Patients were assigned to one of five clinical categories (fracture, disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis) based on history, imaging results, and findings during surgery. Of the 11 tryptophan-positive patients, eight had spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis and three had disc herniation. The presence of the tryptophan allele was significantly associated with African-American or Asian designation for race (odds ratio 4.61, 95% CI 0.63 to 25.35) and with the diagnosis of spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (odds ratio 6.81, 95% CI 1.47 to 41.95). Our findings indicate that tryptophan polymorphisms predispose carriers to the development of symptomatic spinal stenosis associated with spondylolisthesis which requires surgery


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 2 | Pages 268 - 272
1 Feb 2020
Diarbakerli E Savvides P Wihlborg A Abbott A Bergström I Gerdhem P

Aims

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescents and children. The aetiology of the disease remains unknown. Previous studies have shown a lower bone mineral density in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis, which may contribute to the causation. The aim of the present study was to compare bone health in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis with controls.

Methods

We included 78 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (57 female patients) at a mean age of 13.7 years (8.5 to 19.6) and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (39 female patients) at a mean age of 13.8 years (9.1 to 17.6). Mean skeletal age, estimated according to the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 system (TW3), was 13.4 years (7.4 to 17.8) for those with idiopathic scoliosis, and 13.1 years (7.4 to 16.5) for the controls. Mean Cobb angle for those with idiopathic scoliosis was 29° (SD 11°). All individuals were scanned with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) of the left radius and tibia to assess bone density. Statistical analyses were performed with independent-samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-squared test.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 100-B, Issue 4 | Pages 493 - 498
1 Apr 2018
Miyanji F Greer B Desai S Choi J Mok J Nitikman M Morrison A

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate improvements in the quality and safety of paediatric spinal surgery following the implementation of a specialist Paediatric Spinal Surgical Team (PSST) in the operating theatre.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective consecutive case study of paediatric spinal operations before (between January 2008 and December 2009), and after (between January 2012 and December 2013) the implementation of PSST, was performed. A comparative analysis of outcome variables including surgical site infection (SSI), operating time (ORT), blood loss (BL), length of stay (LOS), unplanned staged procedures (USP) and transfusion rates (allogenic and cell-saver) was performed between the two groups. The rate of complications during the first two postoperative years was also compared between the groups.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 100-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1372 - 1376
1 Oct 2018
Bao H Liu Z Bao M Zhu Z Yan P Liu S Feng Z Qian B Qiu Y

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maturity status at the time of surgery on final spinal height in patients with an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the spine-pelvic index (SPI). The SPI is a self-control ratio that is independent of age and maturity status.

Patients and Methods

The study recruited 152 female patients with a Lenke 1 AIS. The additional inclusion criteria were a thoracic Cobb angle between 45° and 70°, Risser 0 to 1 or 3 to 4 at the time of surgery, and follow-up until 18 years of age or Risser stage 5. The patients were stratified into four groups: Risser 0 to 1 and selective fusion surgery (Group 1), Risser 0 to 1 and non-selective fusion (Group 2), Risser 3 to 4 and selective fusion surgery (Group 3), and Risser 3 to 4 and non-selective fusion (Group 4). The height of spine at follow-up (HOSf) and height of pelvis at follow-up (HOPf) were measured and the predicted HOS (pHOS) was calculated as 2.22 (SPI) × HOPf. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for statistical analysis.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 99-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1651 - 1657
1 Dec 2017
de Bodman C Miyanji F Borner B Zambelli P Racloz G Dayer R

Aims

The aim of this study was to report a retrospective, consecutive series of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who were treated with posterior minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with a mean follow-up of two years (sd 1.4; 0.9 to 0 3.7). Our objectives were to measure the correction of the deformity and record the peri-operative morbidity. Special attention was paid to the operating time (ORT), estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay (LOS) and further complications.

Patients and Methods

We prospectively collected the data of 70 consecutive patients with AIS treated with MIS using three incisions and a muscle-splitting approach by a single surgeon between June 2013 and February 2016 and these were retrospectively reviewed. There were eight male and 62 female patients with a mean age of 15 years (sd 4.5 ) with a mean body mass index of 19.8 kg/m2 (sd 5.4). The curves were classified according to Lenke; 40 curves were type 1, 15 were type 2, three were type 3, two were type 4, eight were type 5 and two were type 6.