Introduction. Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in young patients are associated with high failure rates. We always use cemented total hip implants, however, in cases with acetabular bone stock loss we perform bone impaction grafting. Our purpose was to evaluate the outcome of 69 consecutive primary cemented total hips in patients younger than 30 years followed between 2 to 18 years. Methods. Between 1988 and 2004, 69 consecutive primary cemented THAs (mainly Exeters) were performed in 48 patients (32 women, 16 men) younger than thirty years. Average age at time of operation was 25 years (range, 16 to 29 years). Twenty-nine hips (42%) underwent acetabular bone impaction grafting because of acetabular bone loss. Mean follow-up was 10 years (range, 2 to 18 years). Revisions were determined, Harris Hip Score (HHS), and Oxford Hip Questionnaire Score (OHQS) were obtained and radiographs were analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. No patients were lost to follow-up, but 3 patients (4 hips) died during follow-up, none of whom had underwent revision. Eight revisions were performed: 3 septic loosenings (6, 7, and 8 years post-operative) and 5 aseptic cup loosenings (2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 years post-operative). No stems were loose. The average HHS and OHQS at follow-up were 89 points (range, 55 to 100 points) and 19 points (range, 12 to 42 points), respectively. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative survival with revision for any reason as end point was 83% (95% CI, 69 - 92%) at 10 years. Excluding the infections, the survival rate was 90% (95% CI, 77 - 96%) with revision for aseptic loosening. The outcome of the patients who underwent acetabular bone impaction grafting was comparable to the primary cemented hips with a survival of 89% (95% CI, 62 - 97%) with revision for any reason as an end point. Excluding the infections, the survival rate was 95% (95% confidence interval, 72 - 99%) at ten years with revision for aseptic loosening as the end point. Conclusion. Primary cemented total hip arthroplasties in very young patients show satisfactory medium-term results, however, in cases with acetabular bone stock loss, a reconstruction with bone impaction grafting is advisable

Introduction. The different types of treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head have not led to a consensus about which treatment is best for the different stages. Particularly in the later stages of osteonecrosis, the disease still progresses to destruction of the femoral dome. The purpose of our study was to check the outcome of bone impaction grafting used for the head-preserving treatment of severe femoral head osteonecrosis. In order to preserve the femoral head, the sphericity and mechanical properties of the femoral dome must be contained and further collapse prevented. Methods. In this prospective study, we included 28 hips in 27 patients who had severe complaints of pain due to an extensive osteonecrotic lesion. The mean age of the patients was 33 years with a mean follow up time of 42 months. Results. Eight patients (29%) underwent a conversion to a total hip arthroplasty. The pre-operative Harris hip score for all cases was 55 points and the post-operative score was 79 points. Fifty-four percent of all cases showed a radiological and sixty-four percent a clinical success. The clinical success rate of Stage 2 was 73%, of early Stage 3, 67%, and late Stage 3, 45%. Conclusion. In conclusion, we can state that the bone impaction grafting technique shows promising results and is an excellent addition for the treatment arsenal for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Summary Statement. We analysed impaction bone grafting used together with cemented or uncemented fixation in acetabular revision surgery. The overall risk for re-revision did not differ between the cemented and uncemented group. However, aseptic loosening was more common in the cemented group. Background. Several surgical techniques address bone defects in cup revision surgery. Bone impaction grafting, introduced more than thirty years ago, is a biologically and mechanically appealing method. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone impaction grafting when used with uncemented and cemented fixation in cup revision surgery. Uncemented cups resting on more than 50% host bone were used as controls. Patient and Methods. Cup fixation was studied in ninety hips (eighty-two patients), revised due to loosening between 1993 and 1997. There were fifty-three isolated cup and thirty-seven total revisions. Patients were followed for thirteen years using conventional radiography, radiostereometry (RSA), Harris Hip score and a pain questionnaire. Peroperatively the surgeon assessed the acetabular bone bed vitality. In hips where the cup was judged to rest on > 50% vital bone (group I, n=43), an uncemented cup was used. If the cup was resting on ≤ 50% living bone, uncemented (group IIa, n=21,) or cemented (group IIb, n=26) technique was chosen, according to the surgeon's preference. The mean age of patients at index revision was 61±12 years, 56% were females. The most common index diagnosis was primary osteoarthritis (n=45) followed by rheumatoid arthritis (n=10). Results. At thirteen years, acetabular component failure had necessitated a second revision in 6/7/8 hips in Groups I/IIa/IIb respectively. These re-revisions were performed 1–10 (mean 7.1) years after index revision. Moreover four cup / liner revisions were performed in hips with femoral loosening, not allowing further RSA measurements. These twenty-five hips were followed until re-revision. Deceased patients (n=21) and patients with deteriorating medical condition, not able to attend the follow-up (n=7), were censored in the survival statistics. Aseptic loosening was the most common reason of re-revision. However, in the uncemented groups (I/IIa), four cups were re-revised due to liner wear, osteolysis or instability. In the total study population, and up to two years, the median proximal migration was lowest in Group I followed by Group IIa and Group IIb (p≤0,006). At thirteen years the mean proximal migration was highest in Group IIb 1.29 mm (SD 1.23) followed by Group I 0.30 mm (SD 0.40) and Group IIa 0.22 mm (SD 0.22), p = 0.05. In cases subsequently re-revised because of loosening or with radiographically loose cups at the last follow-up, a higher proximal migration was observed compared to the non-revised and radiographically well-fixed group (up to seven years: p < 0.001; thirteen years: p=0.04). Discussion/Conclusion. We found an increased risk for rerevision in cases with less than 50% host bone-implant contact. These cups showed high early proximal migration, measured by RSA, indicating poor initial fixation. Rate of re-revision due to any reason did not differ between cemented and uncemented cups. The cemented group (IIb) had a higher risk of being re-revised due to aseptic loosening. Poor bone stock, use of small bone chips, inferior impaction technique, and no or restricted contact with living bone are probable reasons for failures when extensive bone grafting is needed