Objectives. Emerging evidence indicates that
The two main categories of tendo Achillis tendon disorder are broadly classified by anatomical location to include non-insertional and insertional conditions. Non-insertional Achilles
The rotator cuff
Aims. In the context of tendon degenerative disorders, the need for innovative conservative treatments that can improve the intrinsic healing potential of tendon tissue is progressively increasing. In this study, the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in improving the tendon healing process was evaluated in a rat model of collagenase-induced Achilles
The prevalence of gluteal
Stem cells represent an exciting biological therapy for the management of many musculoskeletal tissues that suffer degenerative disease and/or where the reparative process results in non-functional tissue (‘failed healing’). The original hypothesis was that implanted cells would differentiate into the target tissue cell type and synthesise new matrix. However, this has been little evidence that this happens in live animals compared to the laboratory, and more recent theories have focussed on the immunomodulatory effects via the release of paracrine factors that can still improve the outcome, especially since inflammation is now considered one of the central processes that drive poor tendon healing. Because of the initial ‘soft’ regulatory environment for the use of stem cells in domestic mammals, bone and fat-derived stem cells quickly established themselves as a useful treatment for naturally occurring musculoskeletal diseases in the horse more than 20 years ago (Smith, Korda et al. 2003). Since the
Adipose tissue releases several bioactive peptides and hormones, like adipokines that promote a low inflammatory systemic state. Inflammation, affecting the tendon homeostasis, could play a role in
The role of inflammatory cells and their products in
Aims. Rotator cuff
Tendinopathies represent the 45% of the musculoskeletal lesions and they are a big burden in clinics. Indeed, despite the relevant social impact, both the pathogenesis and the development of the
Achilles
Obese patients show a higher incidence of tendon-related pathologies. These patients present a low inflammatory systemic environment and a higher mechanical demand which can affect the tendons. In addition, inflammation might have a role in the progression of the disease as well as in the healing process. A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria were studies of any level of evidence published in peer-reviewed journals reporting clinical or preclinical results. Evaluated data were extracted and critically analysed. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and risk of bias was assessed, as well as the methodological quality of the included studies. We excluded all the articles with high risk of bias and/or low quality after the assessment. Due to the high heterogeneity present among the studies, a metanalysis could not be done. Thus, a descriptive analysis was performed. After applying the previously described criteria, thirty articles were included, assessed as medium or high quality. We analysed the data of 50865 subjects, 6096 of which were obese (BMI over 30 accordingly to the WHO criteria). The overall risk of re-tear after surgery is about the 10% more than normal BMI subjects. The rupture risk fluctuates in the studies without showing a significant trend. Obese subjects have a higher risk to develop
Autologous tendon cell injection (ATI) is a promising non-surgical treatment for
We conducted a randomised controlled trial to
determine whether active intense pulsed light (IPL) is an effective treatment
for patients with chronic mid-body Achilles
The cellular mechanisms of
Tendon-related pathologies such as
Introduction:
We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and predictive value of palpation, of the painful arc sign, and of the ‘Royal London Hospital test’ in 10 patients with Achilles
Aim. Iliopsoas
Alarmins- also referred to as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS)- are endogenous molecules mobilized in response to tissue damage known to activate the innate immune system and regulate tissue repair and remodelling. The molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammatory and remodelling pathways in
Achilles
Objectives. To conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial to evaluate the
feasibility of conducting a larger trial to evaluate the difference
in Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) scores
at six months between patients with Achilles
Objective: To report the outcome of surgery for chronic recalcitrant Achilles
Eighty-one patients treated surgically for non-insertional Achilles’
Background:. Achilles pathology is a serious and frequently occurring problem, especially in elite athletes. Recent research has suggested a role for the plantaris tendon in non-insertional achilles
Background Achilles
Background. Most patients with Achilles
Excessive apoptosis has been found in torn supraspinatus tendon1 and mechanically loaded tendon cells2. Following oxidative and other forms of stress, one family of proteins that is often unregulated are Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). The purpose of this study was to determine if HSPs were unregulated in human and rat models of
Summary Statement. The peripheral neuronal phenotype is significantly altered in rotator cuff
Introduction. Achilles
Aim. To determine the effect of the use of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) in the treatment of patellar
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytokine molecules present in a rat
Achilles
Achilles
Introduction. The COL5A1 gene encodes for the α1 chain of type V collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen that is an important regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis. Several polymorphisms, including rs12722 (C/T), within the 3′-UTR of COL5A1 are associated with chronic Achilles
Summary Statement. ASTM therapy is commonly used to treat Achilles tendinopaty. However, there was no report to evaluate the biomechanical effects, especially the dynamic viscoelasticity. We have shown that ASTM treatment was biomechanically useful for chronic Achilles
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of tissue hypoxia and apoptosis at different stages of
Introduction. The exact mechanisms leading to
Introduction. Chronic Achilles
The objective was to seek evidence of hypoxia in early human
Introduction: The results of treatment of Achilles
Summary. Treatment of equine naturally occurring over-strain
Aims: 1 To assess the histological changes in patients with Achilles
This is a prospective analysis on 30 physically
active individuals with a mean age of 48.9 years (35 to 64) with chronic
insertional
Purpose: We evaluated the respective roles of acromioplasty and curettage of calcifications in arthroscopic treatment of calcifying
Introduction and Objectives: patellar tendinopaty (or jumper’s knee) is a frequent problem that affects active young adults. In some cases the different conservative treatment options are innefective and surgical treatment is considered. The purpouse of this study is to determine if repeated intratendinous inyections of platelet rich plasma (PRP) are effective for the treatment of these refractary cases. Materials and Methods: Eight consecutive patients (4 males and 4 females, mean age 24+/−5,9) who presented refractary patellar
To evaluate the effects of eccentric strengthening exercises (ESE) in athletic patients with Achilles
Introduction. Chronic mid body Achilles
Introduction. The mainstay of treatment in non-insertional Achilles