INTRODUCTION. There are many factors which contribute to function after TKA. In this study we focus on the effect of varus-valgus (VV) balancing measured externally. A loose knee can show instability (Sharkey 2014) while too tight, flexion can be limited. Equal lateral-medial balancing at surgery leads to a better result (Unitt 2008; Gustke 2014), which is generally the surgical goal. Indeed similar varus and valgus laxity angles have been found in most studies in vitro (Markolf 2015; Boguszewski 2015) and in vivo (Schultz 2007; Clarke 2016; Heesterbeek 2008). The angular ranges have been 3–5 degrees at 10–15 Nm of knee moment, females having the higher angles. The goal of this study was to measure the varus and valgus laxity, as well as the functional outcome scores, of two cohorts; well-functioning total knees after at least one year follow-up, and subjects with healthy knees in a similar age group to the TKR's. Our hypothesis was that the results will be equal in the two groups. METHODS & MATERIALS. 50 normal subjects average age 66 (27 male, 23 female) and 50 TKA at 1 year follow-up minimum average age 68 years (16 male, 34 female) were recruited in this IRB study. The TKA's were performed by one surgeon (PAM) of one TKA design, balancing by gap equalization. Subjects completed a KSS evaluation form to determine functional, objective, and satisfaction scores. Varus and valgus measurements were made using the Smart Knee Fixture (Figure 1)(Borukhov 2016) at 20 deg flexion with a moment of 10 Nm. RESULTS. The statistical results are summarized in table 1. There was no significant difference in either varus or valgus laxity between the two groups (p= 0.9, 0.3 respectively). Pearson's correlation coefficient between varus and valgus laxity of the healthy group was 0.42, while for the TKA group was 0.55. In both cohorts varus laxity was significant higher than valgus laxity (p= 0.001 for healthy subjects and p=0.0001 for TKA). The healthy group had higher functional and objective KSS scores (p= 0.005, and p=0.004 respectively), but the same satisfaction scores as the TKA (p=0.3) (Table 2). No correlation was found between the total laxity of the TKA group and the KSS scores (functional, objective and satisfaction). Total laxity in females was significantly higher than in males in the healthy group, but no differences was found in the TKA group. DISCUSSION. The hypothesis of equal varus and valgus angles in the 2 groups was supported. The larger varus angle implied a less stiff lateral collateral compared with the medial collateral. If the TKA's were balanced equally at surgery, it is possible there was ligament remodeling over time. However the
There are many factors which contribute to function after TKA. In this study we focus on the effect of varus-valgus (VV) balancing measured externally. A loose knee can show instability (Sharkey 2014) while too tight, flexion can be limited. Equal lateral-medial balancing at surgery leads to a better result (Unitt 2008; Gustke 2014), which is generally the surgical goal. Indeed similar varus and valgus laxity angles have been found in most studies in vitro (Markolf 2015; Boguszewski 2015) and in vivo (Schultz 2007; Clarke 2016; Heesterbeek 2008). The angular ranges have been 3–5 degrees at 10–15 Nm of knee moment, females having the higher angles. The goal of this study was to measure the varus and valgus laxity, as well as the functional outcome scores, of two cohorts; well-functioning total knees after at least one year follow-up, and subjects with healthy knees in a similar age group to the TKR's. Our hypothesis was that the results will be equal in the two groups. 50 normal subjects average age 66 (27 male, 23 female) and 50 TKA at 1 year follow-up minimum average age 68 years (16 male, 34 female) were recruited in this IRB study. The TKA's were performed by one surgeon (PAM) of one TKA design, balancing by gap equalization. Subjects completed a KSS evaluation form to determine functional, objective, and satisfaction scores. Varus and valgus measurements were made using the Smart Knee Fixture (Borukhov 2016) at 20 deg flexion with a moment of 10 Nm. The statistical results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in either varus or valgus laxity between the two groups (p= 0.9, 0.3 respectively). Pearson's correlation coefficient between varus and valgus laxity of the healthy group was 0.42, while for the TKA group was 0.55. In both cohorts varus laxity was significant higher than valgus laxity (p= 0.001. e. −5. for healthy subjects and p=0.0001 for TKA). The healthy group had higher functional and objective KSS scores (p= 0.005. e. −4. , and p=0.004. e. −5. respectively), but the same satisfaction scores as the TKA (p=0.3). No correlation was found between the total laxity of the TKA group and the KSS scores (functional, objective and satisfaction). Total laxity in females was significantly higher than in males in the healthy group, but no differences was found in the TKA group. The hypothesis of equal varus and valgus angles in the 2 groups was supported. The larger varus angle implied a less stiff lateral collateral compared with the medial collateral. If the TKA's were balanced equally at surgery, it is possible there was ligament remodeling over time. However the
Although thigh pain is an annoying problem after total hip arthroplasty (THA), little information has been known about its natural course. To determine the frequency, time of onset, and duration of thigh pain after cementless THA, we evaluated 240 patients (240 hips) who underwent primary THA because of femoral head osteonecrosis with the use of a single tapered stem.Background
Methods
It is recognised that as the severity of However, few studies specifically document the degenerate changes. The purpose of this study is to determine if intraoperative mapping of articular erosive lesions of the first MTP joint can be correlated to clinical and/or radiographic parameters used during the preoperative assessment of the HV deformity. We prospectively analysed 50 patients who underwent surgery between Jan 2009 & Jan 2010. Patients with a known history of previous first three patients did not have scoring or cartilage wear documentation carried out and were excluded. The mean age was 56 years. The mean Materials & Methods
Results
Aims. The aim of this study was to compare the preinjury
Aims. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to elective orthopaedic services. The primary objective of this study was to examine changes in
Aims. The primary aim was to assess whether robotic total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) had a greater early knee-specific outcome when compared to manual TKA (mTKA). Secondary aims were to assess whether rTKA was associated with improved expectation fulfilment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction when compared to mTKA. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken, and patients were randomized to either mTKA or rTKA. The primary objective was functional improvement at six months. Overall, 100 patients were randomized, 50 to each group, of whom 46 rTKA and 41 mTKA patients were available for review at six months following surgery. There were no differences between the two groups. Results. There was no difference between rTKA and mTKA groups at six months according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC)
Aims. To map literature on prognostic factors related to outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), to identify extensively studied factors and to guide future research into what domains need further exploration. Methods. We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. The search string included multiple synonyms of the following keywords: "revision TKA", "outcome" and "prognostic factor". We searched for studies assessing the association between at least one prognostic factor and at least one outcome measure after rTKA surgery. Data on sample size, study design, prognostic factors, outcomes, and the direction of the association was extracted and included in an evidence map. Results. After screening of 5,660 articles, we included 166 studies reporting prognostic factors for outcomes after rTKA, with a median sample size of 319 patients (30 to 303,867). Overall, 50% of the studies reported prospectively collected data, and 61% of the studies were performed in a single centre. In some studies, multiple associations were reported; 180 different prognostic factors were reported in these studies. The three most frequently studied prognostic factors were reason for revision (213 times), sex (125 times), and BMI (117 times). Studies focusing on
Aims. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hip shape and mid-term function in Perthes’ disease. It also explored whether the modified three-group Stulberg classification can offer similar prognostic information to the five-group system. Methods. A total of 136 individuals aged 12 years or older who had Perthes’ disease in childhood completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Mobility score (function), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) (function), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) score (quality of life), and the numeric rating scale for pain (NRS). The Stulberg class of the participants’ hip radiographs were evaluated by three fellowship-trained paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Hip shape and Stulberg class were compared to PROM scores. Results. A spherical hip was associated with the highest function and quality of life, and lowest pain. Conversely, aspherical hips exhibited the lowest
Aims. Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been used due to its financial advantages, overall resource usage, and convenience for the patient. The training model where a trainee performs the first TKA, followed by the trainer surgeon performing the second TKA, is a unique model to our institution. This study aims to analyze the functional and clinical outcomes of bilateral simultaneous TKA when performed by a trainee or a supervising surgeon, and also to assess these outcomes based on which side was done by the trainee or by the surgeon. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of all simultaneous bilateral TKAs performed by a single surgeon in an academic institution between May 2003 and November 2017. Exclusion criteria were the use of partial knee arthroplasty procedures, staged bilateral procedures, and procedures not performed by the senior author on one side and the trainee on another. Primary clinical outcomes of interest included revision and re-revision. Primary functional outcomes included the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and patient satisfaction scores. Results. In total, 315 patients (630 knees) were included for analysis. Of these,
Aims. The use of 3D printing has become increasingly popular and has been widely used in orthopaedic surgery. There has been a trend towards an increasing number of publications in this field, but existing literature incorporates limited high-quality studies, and there is a lack of reports on outcomes. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review with Level I evidence on the application and effectiveness of 3D printing. Methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The keywords used for the search criteria were ((3d print*) OR (rapid prototyp*) OR (additive manufactur*)) AND (orthopaedic). The inclusion criteria were: 1) use of 3D printing in orthopaedics, 2) randomized controlled trials, and 3) studies with participants/patients. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration Tool and PEDro Score. Pooled analysis was performed. Results. Overall, 21 studies were included in our study with a pooled total of 932 participants. Pooled analysis showed that operating time (p < 0.001), blood loss (p < 0.001), fluoroscopy times (p < 0.001), bone union time (p < 0.001), pain (p = 0.040), accuracy (p < 0.001), and
Aims. The objectives of this study were to investigate the patient characteristics and mortality of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) subgroups divided into two groups according to femoral component stability and to compare postoperative clinical outcomes according to treatment in Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures. Methods. A total of 126 Vancouver type B fractures were analyzed from 2010 to 2019 in 11 associated centres' database (named TRON). We divided the patients into two Vancouver type B subtypes according to implant stability. Patient demographics and
Aims. Golf is a popular pursuit among those requiring total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to determine if participating in golf is associated with greater functional outcomes, satisfaction, or improvement in quality of life (QoL) compared to non-golfers. Methods. All patients undergoing primary THA over a one-year period at a single institution were included with one-year postoperative outcomes. Patients were retrospectively followed up to assess if they had been golfers at the time of their surgery. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association of preoperative golfing status on outcomes. Results. The study cohort consisted of a total of 308 patients undergoing THA, of whom 44 were golfers (14%). This included 120 male patients (39%) and 188 female patients (61%), with an overall mean age of 67.8 years (SD 11.6). Golfers had a greater mean postoperative Oxford Hip Score (OHS) (3.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9 to 5.5); p < 0.001) and EuroQol visual analogue scale (5.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 11.9); p = 0.039). However, there were no differences in EuroQoL five-dimension score (p = 0.124), pain visual analogue scale (p = 0.505), or Forgotten Joint Score (p = 0.215). When adjusting for confounders, golfers had a greater improvement in their Oxford Hip Score (2.7 (95% CI 0.2 to 5.3); p < 0.001) compared to non-golfers. Of the 44 patients who reported being golfers at the time of their surgery, 32 (72.7%) returned to golf and 84.4% of those were satisfied with their involvement in golf following surgery. Those who returned to golf were more likely to be male (p = 0.039) and had higher (better) preoperative health-related QoL (p = 0.040) and hip-related
Background. Patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been lower than after a similar procedure, total hip arthroplasty. Poor subjective outcomes after TKA may be partially explained by abnormal kinematics patterns after TKA. The purpose of this study was to analyse rotational kinematics patterns in knees that had undergone posterior stabilized (PS)-TKA, and to clarify the relationships between rotational kinematics patterns and patient satisfaction, as well as between rotational kinematics patterns and knee function. Materials & Methods. A total of 49 osteoarthritis knees after primary PS-TKA (NexGen LPS-Flex fixed bearing knee system) were included in this study; deformed valgus, severe flexion contractures, and highly unstable knees were excluded. We used a computer navigation system and measured knee kinematics after each surgery was completed. A single investigator gently applied a manual range of motion from full extension to flexion. The angle of the internal rotation of the tibia was measured automatically at 0º, 30º, 45º, 60º, and 90º, along with maximum extension and flexion. We categorized the post-operative rotational kinematics patterns for individual cases, focusing on the initial knee flexion from 0–30º. Type A corresponded to an increased internal rotation angle of the tibia during the initial knee flexion (screw home-like movement). Type B corresponded to an increased external or an unchanged rotation angle of the tibia. We examined the range of motion (ROM) at 6 months after surgery and assessed the 2011 Knee Society Score (2011 KSS) at ≥1 year following surgery. Statistical analysis. The difference between the two groups was compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Analyses were performed with JMP statistical software v8.0 (SAS Institute). A p-value of <0.05 was regarded as significant. Results. The tibia exhibited an average of 5º of internal rotation at initial knee flexion. The type A kinematics pattern achieved a better ROM and
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how changes in
Due to shorter hospital stays and faster patient rehabilitation Unicompartmental Knee Replacements (UKR) are now considered more cost effective than Total Knee Joint Replacements (TKJR). Obesity however, has long been thought of as a relative contraindication to UKR due to an unproven theoretical concern of early loosening. This study is a retrospective review of patient reported outcome scores and revision rates of all UKR with recorded BMI performed by the Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) from January 2011 and September 2021. Patient reported outcome scores were taken preoperatively, at 6 months, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years post operatively. These included WOMAC, Oxford, HAAS, UCLA, WHOQOL, normality, pain and patient satisfaction. 873 patients had
Background. Patients who undergo either primary or revision total ankle replacement (TAR) expect improvements in pain, function and quality of life. The goal of this study was to measure the functional outcome improvements and the difference in patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing primary total ankle replacements compared to revision TAR. Methods. A single-center prospective cohort study was undertaken between 2016 and 2022. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Patients undertook the Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MoxFQ) and EQ-5D health quality questionnaires pre-operatively, at 6 months and yearly for life. The Mann Whitney test was undertaken for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 165 primary and 71 revision ankle replacements were performed between 2016 and 2022. The mean age was 71 years for primary replacements and 69 years for revisions. The INFINITY was utilized in the majority of primary total ankle replacements. Revision replacements were either the INBONE II or INVISION and they were most often revising the MOBILITY implant. The main indication for revision was aseptic loosening (83%). Other causes included infection, malalignment and insert wear. The overall MoxFQ improved by a mean of 46.5 for primaries and 40.2 for revisions. The EQ-5D score also showed overall improvements with the mean difference in mobility increasing by 1.6. Conclusion. Both primary and revision ankle replacements result in improved
Higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation have been associated with worse health outcomes. The influence of socioeconomic deprivation on patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has not previously been investigated. A total of 217 patients (171 female, 46 male; median age 23.4 years) who underwent PAO by a single surgeon were identified. Patients were categorised into three groups according to their New Zealand Deprivation (NZDep) Index: minimal deprivation (NZDep Index 1–3, n=89), moderate deprivation (NZDep Index 4–6, n=94), and maximal deprivation (NZDep Index 7–10, n=34). The three groups were compared with respect to baseline variables, surgical details, complications, and pre-operative and two-year post-operative
Distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) fusion using a k-wire has been the gold standard treatment for DIPJ arthritis. Recent studies have shown similar patient outcomes with the headless compression screws (HCS), however there has been no cost analysis to compare the two. Therefore, this study aims to 1) review the cost of DIPJ fusion between k-wire and HCS 2) compare functional outcome and patient satisfaction between the two groups. A retrospective review was performed over a nine-year period from 2012-2021 in Counties Manukau. Cost analysis was performed between patients who underwent DIPJ fusion with either HCS or k-wire. Costs included were surgical cost, repeat operations and follow-up clinic costs. The difference in pre-operative and post-operative functional and pain scores were also compared using the patient rate wrist/hand evaluation (PRWHE). Of the 85 eligible patients, 49 underwent fusion with k-wires and 36 had HCS. The overall cost was significantly lower in the HCS group which was 6554 New Zealand Dollars (NZD), whereas this was 10408 NZD in the k-wire group (p<0.0001). The adjusted relative risk of 1.3 indicate that the cost of k-wires is 1.3 times more than HCS (P=0.0053). The patients’ post-operative PRWHE pain (−22 vs −18, p<0.0001) and
Abstract. Purpose. This study aims to compare the clinical and functional outcomes and donor site morbidity of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft and peroneus longus tendon autograft in patients with complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Methods. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from February 2018 to July 2019 were randomly allocated into two groups (hamstring and peroneus longus).
Despite the current trend favoring surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), studies have not been able to demonstrate superior functional outcomes when compared to non-operative treatment. These fractures are notoriously difficult to reduce. Studies investigating surgical fixation often lack information about the quality of reduction even though it may play an important role in the success of this procedure. We wanted to establish if, amongst surgically treated DIACF, an anatomic reduction led to improved functional outcomes at 12 months. From July 2011 to December 2020, at a level I trauma center, 84 patients with an isolated DIACF scheduled for surgical fixation with plate and screws using a lateral extensile approach were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed over a 12-month period. Post-operative computed tomography (CT) imaging of bilateral feet was obtained to assess surgical reduction using a combination of pre-determined parameters: Böhler's angle, calcaneal height, congruence and articular step-off of the posterior facet and calcaneocuboid (CC) joint. Reduction was judged anatomic when Böhler's angle and calcaneal height were within 20% of the contralateral foot while the posterior facet and CC joint had to be congruent with a step-off less than 2 mm. Several
Despite the current trend favoring surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), studies have not been able to demonstrate superior functional outcomes when compared to non-operative treatment. These fractures are notoriously difficult to reduce. Studies investigating surgical fixation often lack information about the quality of reduction even though it may play an important role in the success of this procedure. We wanted to establish if, amongst surgically treated DIACF, an anatomic reduction led to improved functional outcomes at 12 months. From July 2011 to December 2020, at a level I trauma center, 84 patients with an isolated DIACF scheduled for surgical fixation with plate and screws using a lateral extensile approach were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed over a 12-month period. Post-operative computed tomography (CT) imaging of bilateral feet was obtained to assess surgical reduction using a combination of pre-determined parameters: Böhler's angle, calcaneal height, congruence and articular step-off of the posterior facet and calcaneocuboid (CC) joint. Reduction was judged anatomic when Böhler's angle and calcaneal height were within 20% of the contralateral foot while the posterior facet and CC joint had to be congruent with a step-off less than 2 mm. Several
Aims. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) using small and standard baseplates in Asian patients, and to investigate the impact of a mismatch in the sizes of the glenoid and the baseplate on the outcomes. Methods. This was retrospective analysis of 50 and 33 RSAs using a standard (33.8 mm, ST group) and a small (29.5 mm, SM group) baseplate of the Equinoxe reverse shoulder system, which were undertaken between January 2017 and March 2021. Radiological evaluations included the size of the glenoid, the β-angle, the inclination of the glenoid component, inferior overhang, scapular notching, the location of the central cage in the baseplate within the vault and the mismatch in size between the glenoid and baseplate. Clinical evaluations included the range of motion (ROM) and
Abstract. Background. Rotator cuff injuries have traditionally been managed by either single-row or double-row arthroscopic repair techniques. Novel and more complex single-row methodologies have recently been proposed as a biomechanically stronger alternative. However, no rigorous meta-analysis has evaluated the effectiveness of complex single-row against double-row repair. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff injuries treated with both simple and complex single-row, as well as transosseous-equivalent double-row procedures. Methods. An up-to-date literature search was performed using the pre-defined search strategy. All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality and included in the meta-analysis. Pain
Aims. Acute and chronic injuries of the interosseus membrane can result in longitudinal instability of the forearm. Reconstruction of the central band of the interosseus membrane can help to restore biomechanical stability. Different methods have been used to reconstruct the central band, including tendon grafts, bone-ligament-bone grafts, and synthetic grafts. This Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term (IDEAL) phase 1 study aims to review the clinical results of reconstruction using a synthetic braided cross-linked graft secured at either end with an Endobutton to restore the force balance between the bones of the forearm. Methods. An independent retrospective review was conducted of a consecutive series of 21 patients with longitudinal instability injuries treated with anatomical central band reconstruction between February 2011 and July 2019. Patients with less than 12 months’ follow-up or who were treated acutely were excluded, leaving 18 patients in total. Preoperative clinical and radiological assessments were compared with prospectively gathered data using range of motion and the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) functional outcome score. Results. Of the 18 patients (nine male, nine female) who met the inclusion criteria, the median follow-up was 8.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 5.6 to 10). Their mean age was 49 years (SD 11). The mean extension improved significantly from 38° (SD 15°) to 24° (SD 9°) (p = 0.027), with a mean flexion-extension arc change from 81° (SD 27°) to 93° (SD 30°) (p = 0.172) but with no forearm rotational improvement (p = 0.233) at latest follow-up. The QuickDASH
Aims. MRI has been suggested as an objective method of assessing anterior crucate ligament (ACL) graft “ligamentization” after reconstruction. It has been proposed that the MRI appearances could be used as an indicator of graft maturity and used as part of a return-to-sport assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between MRI graft signal and postoperative
Emerging evidence suggests preoperative opioid use may increase the risk of negative outcomes following orthopedic procedures. This systematic review evaluated the impact of preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing shoulder surgery with respect to preoperative clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, and postoperative dependence on opioids. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were searched from inception to April, 2021 for studies reporting preoperative opioid use and its effect on postoperative outcomes or opioid use. The search, data extraction and methodologic assessment were performed in duplicate for all included studies. Twenty-one studies with a total of 257,301 patients were included in the final synthesis. Of which, 17 were level III evidence. Of those, 51.5% of the patients reported pre-operative opioid use. Fourteen studies (66.7%) reported a higher likelihood of opioid use at follow-up among those used opioids preoperatively compared to preoperative opioid-naïve patients. Eight studies (38.1%) showed lower functional measurements and range of motion in opioid group compared to the non-opioid group post-operatively. Preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing shoulder surgeries is associated with lower
Abstract. Background. The gold standard treatment for Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury is reconstruction (ACL-R). Graft failure is the concern and ensuring a durable initial graft with rapid integration is crucial. Graft augmentation with implantable devices (internal brace reinforcement) is a technique purported to reduce the risk of rupture and hasten recovery. We aim to compare the short-term outcome of ACL-R using augmented hamstring tendon autografts (internally braced with neoligament) and non-augmented hamstring autografts. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study comparing augmented and non-augmented ACL-R. All procedures were performed in a single centre using the same technique. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS] was used to assess patient-reported outcomes. Results. There were 70 patients in the augmented and 111 patients in the control group. Mean graft diameter in the augmented group was 8.82mm versus 8.44mm in the non-augmented. Six strand graft was achievable in 73.5% of the augmented group compared to 33% in the non-augmented group. Two graft failures were reported in the non-augmented group and none in the augmented group. Patient satisfaction rates were higher in the augmented group. There was a statistically insignificant improvement in the postoperative KOOS in the augmented group compared to the non-augmented group (p 0.6). Irrespective of augmentation status, no correlation was found between the
Introduction. Management of Vancouver type B1 and C periprosthetic fractures in elderly patients requires fixation and an aim for early mobilisation but many techniques restrict weightbearing due to re-fracture risk. We present the clinical and radiographic outcomes of our technique of total femoral plating (TFP) to allow early weightbearing whilst reducing risk of re-fracture. Methods. A single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed including twenty-two patients treated with TFP for fracture around either hip or knee replacements between May 2014 and December 2017. Follow-up data was compared at 6, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcomes were
Aims. Open fractures of the tibia are a heterogeneous group of injuries that can present a number of challenges to the treating surgeon. Consequently, few surgeons can reliably advise patients and relatives about the expected outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether these outcomes are predictable by using the Ganga Hospital Score (GHS). This has been shown to be a useful method of scoring open injuries to inform wound management and decide between limb salvage and amputation. Methods. We collected data on 182 consecutive patients with a type II, IIIA, or IIIB open fracture of the tibia who presented to our hospital between July and December 2016. For the purposes of the study, the patients were jointly treated by experienced consultant orthopaedic and plastic surgeons who determined the type of treatment. Separately, the study team (SP, HS, AD, JD) independently calculated the GHS and prospectively collected data on six outcomes for each patient. These included time to bony union, number of admissions, length of hospital stay, total length of treatment, final
Surgical debridement for medial epicondylitis (ME) is indicated for patients with refractory ME. The clinical efficacy of simple debridement has not been studied sufficiently. Moreover, authors experienced surgical outcome of ME was not as good as lateral epicondylitis. In this regard, authors have combined the atelocollagen injection in the debridement surgery of ME. The purpose of study was to compare clinical outcomes between simple debridement and debridement combined with atelocollagen injection in the ME. Twenty-five patients with refractory ME and underwent surgical debridement were included in the study. Group A (n=13) was treated with isolated debridement surgery, and group B (n=12) was treated with debridement combined with 1.0 mL of type I atelocollagen. Pain and functional improvements were assessed using visual analogue scale, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scale respectively before surgery, at 3, 6 months after surgery and at the final follow-up. Demographic data did not show significant difference between two groups before surgical procedures. Both groups showed improvement in pain and
Abstract. Purpose. Since arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) started, the use of peroneus longus grafts for primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) was never thought of as there is very scant literature on it. So, our study aims to compare the functional outcome and complications in patients with ACL injury managed by ACLR with peroneus longus tendon (PLT) and hamstring tendons (HT) respectively. Materials and Methods. Patients with 16–50 years of either gender presenting with symptomatic ACL deficiency were admitted for arthroscopic single bundle ACLR and allocated into two groups (PLT and HT) operated and observed.
Multiple studies have shown that the symptomatology of knee osteoarthritis weakly correlate to radiographic severity of disease. Current literature however does not have much in the way of comparing functional outcomes of those with OA knees with radiographic severity. Our objective was to compare radiographic measurements of OA knees with self-reported functional outcomes and determine if radiographic severity of OA knees correlated with loss of functional ability. A retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data of 305 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee was collected. The patient's x-rays were reviewed, and radiographic measurements were taken to include medial, lateral and patellofemoral joint space distance measured in millimetres. The Kellgren and Lawrence, and Ahlback classifications of radiographic knee OA were computed. These were correlated with severity of functional limitations was measured using the SF36, Knee society score (KSS) and Oxford knee scores. Statistical analysis were conducted with SPSS V22.0 statistical software. Demographic characteristics and functional assessments were analysed using one way ANOVA test. Post-hoc test using Tukey HSD and effect size (partial-eta squared η. 2. ) was performed if one-way ANOVA was found to be statistically significant. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Pre-operative patient demographics are shown in table 1. Patients in with Grade 2 osteoarthritis were significantly younger than Grade 4 patients (post-hoc p=0.003). There were no statistically significant differences in age between the other Grades, and there were no differences in BMI or gender or operative site between all grades. There were significant differences in KSS Function scores between Grade 2 and Grade 3 patients (post-hoc p=0.017) and Grade 2 and 4 patients (post-hoc p < 0 .001). Statistically significant differences were also found between Grade 1 and Grade 4 patients for the KSS Knee score (post-hoc p=0.016). There were significant differences in Oxford knee score (post-hoc p=0.026) and SF- Physical Function (post-hoc p < 0 .001) between Grade 2 and Grade 4 patients too. The effect size η. 2. for KSS Function, KSS Knee and Oxford knee score was 0.05, 0.06 and 0.33 respectively. When comparing the loss of joint space with the
Aims. Our purpose was to describe an unusual series of 21 patients with fungal osteomyelitis after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Methods. We present a case-series of consecutive patients treated at our institution due to a severe fungal osteomyelitis after an arthroscopic ACL-R from November 2005 to March 2015. Patients were referred to our institution from different areas of our country. We evaluated the amount of bone resection required, type of final reconstructive procedure performed, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS)
Abstract. Introduction. Surgery in patients with high body mass index (BMI) is more technically challenging and associated with increased complications post-operatively. Inferior clinical and functional mid-term results for high BMI patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) relative to normal weight patients have been reported. This study discusses the clinical, radiological and functional outcomes of HTO surgery in patients with a high BMI. Method. This is a retrospective study on patients undergoing HTO surgery using the Tomofix anatomical MHT plate between 2017 and 2022, with follow-up period of up to 5 years. The cohort was divided: non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2). Pre and post operative
To analyse the efficacy and safety of cellular therapy utilizing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in the management of rotator cuff(RC) tears from clinical studies available in the literature. We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on August 2021 for studies analyzing the efficacy and safety of cellular therapy (CT) utilizing MSCs in the management of RC tears. VAS for pain, ASES Score, DASH Score, Constant Score, radiological assessment of healing and complications and adverse events were the outcomes analyzed. Analysis was performed in R-platform using OpenMeta [Analyst] software. RESULTS:. 6 studies involving 238 patients were included for analysis. We noted a significant reduction in VAS score for pain at 3 months (WMD=-2.234,p<0.001) and 6 months (WMD=-3.078,p<0.001) with the use of CT. Concerning functional outcomes, utilization of CT produced a significant short-term improvement in the ASES score (WMD=17.090,p<0.001) and significant benefit in
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has proved to be an effective treatment modality for sickle-cell hip arthropathy (mosaic-like dense bone due to infarcts). However, mode of failure, survival rates and challenges associated with revision hip arthroplasty in sickle-cell disease patients are mostly unknown. We retrospectively evaluated prospectively collected data from all patients with sickle-cell disease who underwent revision hip arthroplasty from 2016. Patient, surgery, medical and surgical complications related data were collected. The pinnacle and reclaim revision system with gription augments (JJ) was used in all patients. Pre-op and post-op clinical outcome data (both objective and subjective, HOOS Jr and OHS) were recorded. Cumulative success rates were recorded with re-revision surgery as an end point. We performed fifteen revision THAs on 13 patients (mean follow up of 6.6 years). The mean age of the patients was 48 years (range, 30–59). At final follow-up, a statistically significant improvement of mean OHS and HOOS JR scores eas found in all patients. reported (OHS: 34.0 and HOOS JR: 77.7). Cumulative success rate was 100% for re-revision for all reasons at 6 years. Five intensive care unit (ITU) admissions, two vaso-occlusive sickle cell crises, one transfusion-related complication and one acute chest syndrome (ACS) were recorded. On admission, the mean percentage of HbS was 75.25% (64.6–86.4%). Revision arthroplasty in sickle-cell disease patients poses increased risks, with medical and surgical challenges. However, with careful preparation, planning and a multi-disciplinary team approach, revision arthroplasty can result in excellent clinical outcomes and excellent
Abstract. Unicompartment knee replacement (UKR) has been an effective treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA). There has been several studies which suggest that patellofemoral (PFJ) wear may not be a relative contraindication for UKR with no statistical difference in failure rates. There is currently conflicting evidence on the role of BMI. We will review if BMI and PFJ wear impacts on the post operative
In this study, we examined the impact of dual-mobility (DM) versus fixed-bearing (FB) implants on outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA), a common and successful operation. We examined all-cause revision, revision due to dislocation, postoperative complications and
Aims. To compare patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with ≤ 80° range of movement (ROM) operated with a 2 mm increase in the flexion gap with matched non-stiff patients with at least 100° of preoperative ROM and balanced flexion and extension gaps. Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, 98 TKAs (91 patients) with a preoperative ROM of ≤ 80° were examined. Mean follow-up time was 53 months (24 to 112). All TKAs in stiff knees were performed with a 2 mm increased flexion gap. Data were compared to a matched control group of 98 TKAs (86 patients) with a mean follow-up of 43 months (24 to 89). Knees in the control group had a preoperative ROM of at least 100° and balanced flexion and extension gaps. In all stiff and non-stiff knees posterior stabilized (PS) TKAs with patellar resurfacing in combination with adequate soft tissue balancing were used. Results. Overall mean ROM in stiff knees increased preoperatively from 67° (0° to 80°) to 114° postoperatively (65° to 135°) (p < 0.001). Mean knee flexion improved from 82° (0° to 110°) to 115° (65° to 135°) and mean flexion contracture decreased from 14° (0° to 50°) to 1° (0° to 10°) (p < 0.001). The mean Knee Society Score (KSS) improved from 34 (0 to 71) to 88 (38 to 100) (p < 0.001) and the KSS
Stratification is required to ensure that only those patients likely to benefit, receive Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI); ideally by assessing a biomarker in the blood. This study aimed to assess differences in the plasma proteome of individuals who respond well or poorly to ACI. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ) mass spectrometry and label-free proteomics analyses were performed in tandem as described previously by our group (Hulme et al., 2017; 2018; 2021) using plasma collected from ACI responders (n=10) compared with non-responders (n=10) at each stage of surgery (Stage I, cartilage harvest and Stage II, cell implantation). iTRAQ using pooled plasma detected 16 proteins that were differentially abundant at baseline in ACI responders compared with non-responders (n=10) (≥±2.0 fold; p<0.05). Responders demonstrated a mean Lysholm (patient reported
Background. Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) is an established treatment option for end-stage ankle arthritis. We analysed at minimum, 10-year patient-reported and clinical outcomes of 156 TARs from a single centre. We specifically compared outcomes between patients under 60 and over 60 at time of surgery. Methods. Data was collected retrospectively from our departmental patient database. It included all patients who underwent a TAR by a single surgeon between 2006 and 2010 and patients were divided into those under 60 and those over 60 at the time of surgery. Patient reported outcomes (PROMs), including WOMAC, SF-36 and patient satisfaction scores and complications were analysed preoperatively and at one, two, five and over 10 years postoperatively. Results. There were 156 patients included in this analysis, 61 were under 60 (mean age 50.29) and 95 were over 60 (mean age 69.12). A total of 12 patients had revision surgery, (nine in the under 60 group) and 52 patients were deceased at the time of analysis (10 in the under 60 group). At one year the over 60 group had less pain and better
Introduction. Ankle fractures represent approximately 10% of the fracture workload and are projected to increase due to ageing population. We present our 5 years outcome review post-surgical management of ankle fractures in a large UK Trauma unit. Methods. A total of 111 consecutive patients treated for an unstable ankle fracture were entered into a database and prospectively followed up. Baseline patient characteristics, complications, further intervention including additional surgery, functional status were recorded during five-year follow-up. Pre-injury and post-fixation functional outcome measures at 2-years were assessed using Olerud-Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scales (LEFS). A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. The mean age was 46 with a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. The distribution of comorbidities was BMI >30 (25%), diabetes (5%), alcohol consumption >20U/week (15%) and smoking (26%). Higher BMI was predictive of worse post-op LEFS score (p = 0.02). Between pre-injury and post fixation
There is some evidence to suggest that outcomes of THA in patients with minimal radiographic osteoarthritis may not be associated with predictable outcomes. The aim of this study was to:. Assess the outcome of patients with hip pain who underwent THA with no or minimal radiographic signs of osteoarthritis,. Identify patient comorbidities and multiplanar imaging findings which are predictive of outcome,. Compare the outcome in these patients to the expected outcome of THA in hip OA. A retrospective review of 107 hips (102 patients, 90F:12M, median age 40.6, IQR 35.1–45.8 years, range 18–73) were included for analysis. Plain radiographs were evaluated using the Tonnis grading scale of hip OA. Outcome measures were all-cause revision; iHOT12; EQ-5D; Oxford Hip Score; UCLA Activity Scale; and whether THA had resulted in the patient's hip pain and function being Better/Same/Worse. The median Oxford Hip Score was 33.3 (IQR 13.9, range 13–48), and 36/107 (33.6%) hips achieved an OHS≥42. There was no association between primary hip diagnosis and post-operative PROMs. A total of 91 of the 102 patients (89.2%, 93 hips) reported that their hip pain and function was Better than prior to THA and would have the surgery again, 7 patients (6.8%, 10 hips) felt the Same, and 4 patients (3.9%, 4 hips) felt Worse and would not have the surgery again. Younger patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with no or minimal radiographic osteoarthritis had lower postoperative Oxford Hip Scores than the general population; though most felt symptomatically better and knowing what they know now, would have surgery again. Those with chronic pain syndrome or hypermobility were likely to benefit less. Those with subchondral cysts or joint space narrowing on CT imaging were more likely to achieve higher
Introduction. Circular frames for ankle fusion are usually reserved for complex clinical scenarios. Current literature is heterogenous and difficult to interpret. We aimed to study the indications and outcomes of this procedure in detail. Materials & Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed based on a prospective database of frame surgeries performed in a tertiary institution. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing complex ankle fusion with circular frames between 2005 and 2020, with a minimum 12-month follow up. Data were collected on patient demographics, surgical indications, comorbidities, surgical procedures, external fixator time (EFT), length of stay (LOS), radiological and clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Factors influencing radiological and clinical outcomes were analysed. Results. 47 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of three years. The mean age at time of surgery was 63.6 years. Patients had a median of two previous surgeries. The median LOS was 8.5 days, and median EFT was 237 days. Where simultaneous limb lengthening was performed, the average lengthening was 2.9cm, increasing the EFT by an average of 4 months. Primary and final union rates were 91.5% and 95.7% respectively. At last follow-up, ASAMI bone scores were excellent or good in 87.2%. ASAMI
Functional outcomes are important for patients with bone tumors undergoing lower extremity endoprosthetic reconstruction; however, there is limited empirical evidence evaluating function longitudinally. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in function over time in patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstructions of the proximal femur, distal femur and proximal tibia. We conducted a secondary analysis of functional outcome data from the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial. Patient function was assessed with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score 93 (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), which were administered preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Both instruments are scored from 0-100, with higher scores indicated greater function. Mean
Abstract. Purpose. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for late knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, its indications remain controversial. Young age (< 60 years) has been associated with worse outcomes. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the effect of age on UKA outcomes. Methods. The primary objective was to compare the UKA revision rate in young patients with that of old patients, using the age thresholds of 60 and 55 years. Secondary objectives were patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and implant design. PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library were searched in June 2021. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021248322). Results. A total of 12 observational studies with 6,448 knees were included. A mean MINORS score of 19 was assigned to the review. The mean age of patients was 64.32 years, with follow-up ranging from 0.2 to 15 years. There was no significant difference in revision rate, incident or PROMs between young and old patients in the analysis for each age threshold. Further sub-analysis adjusting for implant type in mobile- and fixed-bearing prostheses also showed similar results between those above and under 60 and 55 years. Conclusion. Young age was not associated with a higher revision rate or lower
Abstract. Introduction. Articular cartilage degradation is a defining feature of osteoarthritis. Synovium is a reactive tissue with synovial villae, neoangiogenesis and intimal hyperplasia common to many joint pathologies. The consequences of cartilage debris in osteoarthritis impacting the synovial intima is not well understood. We analysed the immunohistology of synovium from 16 patients with osteoarthritis and 17 patients undergoing knee surgery for non-arthritic pathologies. This data was integrated with imaging and
Recent studies on animal models focused on the effect of preserving tendon remnant of rotator cuff on tendon healing. A positive effect by combining tendon remnant preservation and small bone vents on the greater tuberosity in comparison with standard tendon-to-bone repair has been shown. The purpose of the present clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of biologic augmentation of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by maintaining tendon remnant on rotator cuff footprint combined with small bone vents of the greater tuberosity. A retrospective study was conducted. All patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair associated with small bone vents (nanofractures) and tendon footprint preservation were considered eligible for the study. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of full-thickness rotator cuff tear as diagnosed at preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed at the time of surgery; minimum 24-month of follow-up and availability of post-operative MRI performed not earlier than 6 months after surgery. Exclusion criteria were: partial thickness tears, irreparable tears, capsulo-labral pathologies, calcific tendonitis, gleno-humeral osteoarthritis and/or previous surgery. Primary outcome was the ASES score. Secondary outcomes were: Quick-DASH and WORC scores, and structural integrity of repaired tendons by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed six months after surgery. A paired t-test was used to compare pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed according to tear size. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The study included 29 patients (M:F = 15:14). Mean age (+ SD) of patients was 61.7 + 8.9 years. Mean follow-up was 27.4 ± 2.3 months. Comparison between pre- and postoperative
As the field of hip arthroscopy continues to develop, functional measures and testing become increasingly important in patient selection, managing patient expectations prior to surgery, and physical readiness for return to athletic participation. The Hip Sport Test (HST) was developed to assess strength, coordination, agility, and range of motion prior to and following hip arthroscopy as a functional assessment. However, the relationship between HST and hip strength, range of motion, and hip-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) measures have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the HST scores and measurements of hip strength and range of motion prior to undergoing hip arthroscopy. Between September 2009 and January 2017, patients aged 18-40 who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement with available pre-operative HST, dynamometry, range of motion, and
Meniscal tears commonly co-occur with ACL tears, and many studies address their side, pattern, and distribution. Few studies assess the patient's short-term functional outcome concerning tear radial and circumferential distribution based on the Cooper et al. classification. Meniscal tears require primary adequate treatment to restore knee function. Our hypothesis is to preserve the meniscal rim as much as possible to maintain the load-bearing capacity of the menisci after meniscectomy. The purpose of this study is to document the location and type of meniscal tears that accompany anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and their effect on patient functional outcomes following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy. This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted at AL-BASRA Teaching Hospital in Iraq between July 2018 and January 2020 among patients with combined ipsilateral ACL injury and meniscal tears. A total of 28 active young male patients, aged 18 to 42 years, were included. All patients were subjected to our questionnaire, full history, systemic and regional examination, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, preoperative rehabilitation, and were followed by Lysholm score 6 months postoperatively. All 28 patients were males, with a mean age of 27 ± 0.14 years. The right knee was the most commonly affected in 20/28 patients (71.4%). The medial meniscus was most commonly injured in 11 patients, 7 patients had lateral meniscal tears, and 10 patients had tears in both menisci. The most common tear pattern of the medial meniscus was a bucket handle tear (36.4%), while longitudinal tears were the most frequent in the lateral meniscus (71.4%) (P-value = 0.04). The most common radial tear location was zone E-F (5/28, 17.8%), and the most common circumferential zone affected was the middle and inner third, reported in 50% of tears. Good and excellent outcomes using the Lysholm score after 6 months were obtained in 42.9% and 17.9% of patients, respectively. Better
Aims. Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) facilitates surgical exposure and protects the extensor mechanism during revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of bony union, complications, and reoperations following TTO during rTKA, to assess the functional outcomes of rTKA with TTO at two years’ minimum follow-up, and to identify the risk factors of failure. Methods. Between January 2010 and September 2020, 695 rTKAs were performed and data were entered into a prospective database. Inclusion criteria were rTKAs with concomitant TTO, without extensor mechanism allograft, and a minimum of two years’ follow-up. A total of 135 rTKAs were included, with a mean age of 65 years (SD 9.0) and a mean BMI of 29.8 kg/m. 2. (SD 5.7). The most frequent indications for revision were infection (50%; 68/135), aseptic loosening (25%; 34/135), and stiffness (13%; 18/135). Patients had standardized follow-up at six weeks, three months, six months, and annually thereafter. Complications and revisions were evaluated at the last follow-up. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) and range of motion. Results. The mean follow-up was 51 months (SD 26; 24 to 121). Bony union was confirmed in 95% of patients (128/135) at a mean of 3.4 months (SD 2.7). The complication rate was 15% (20/135), consisting of nine tibial tubercle fracture displacements (6.7%), seven nonunions (5%), two delayed unions, one tibial fracture, and one wound dehiscence. Seven patients (5%) required eight revision procedures (6%): three bone grafts, three osteosyntheses, one extensor mechanism allograft, and one wound revision. The
Aims. The aim of this study was to report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and joint-specific function in patients waiting for total hip or knee arthroplasty surgery (THA or TKA) in Northern Ireland, compared to published literature and a matched normal population. Secondary aims were to report emergency department (ED) and out-of-hours general practitioner (OOH GP) visits, new prescriptions of strong opioids, and new prescriptions of antidepressants while waiting. Methods. This was a cohort study of 991 patients on the waiting list for arthroplasty in a single Northern Ireland NHS trust: 497 on the waiting list for ≤ three months; and 494 waiting ≥ three years. Postal surveys included the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), visual analogue scores (EQ-VAS), and Oxford Hip and Knee scores to assess HRQoL and joint-specific function. Electronic records determined prescriptions since addition to the waiting list and patient attendances at OOH GP/EDs. Results. Overall, 712/991 (71.8%) responded at ≤ three months for THA (n = 164) and TKA (n = 199), and ≥ three years for THA (n = 88) and TKA (n = 261). The median EQ-5D-5L score in those waiting ≤ three months was 0.155 (interquartile range (IQR) -0.118 to 0.375) and 0.189 (IQR -0.130 to 0.377) for ≥ three years. Matched controls had a median EQ-5D-5L 0.837 (IQR 0.728 to 1.000). Compared to matched controls, EQ-5D-5L scores were significantly lower in both waiting cohorts (p < 0.001) with significant differences found in every domain. Negative scores, indicating a state “worse than death”, were present in 40% at ≤ three months and 38% at ≥ three years. Patients waiting ≥ three years had significantly more opioid (28.4% vs 15.2%; p < 0.001) and antidepressant prescriptions (15.2% vs 9.9%; p = 0.034) and significantly more joint-related attendances at unscheduled care (11.7% vs 0% with ≥ one ED attendance (p < 0.001) and (25.5% vs 2.5% ≥ one OOH GP attendance (p < 0.001)). Conclusion. Patients on waiting lists in Northern Ireland are severely disabled with the worst HRQoL and
Aims. Avulsion of the proximal hamstring tendon origin can result in significant functional impairment, with surgical re-attachment of the tendons becoming an increasingly recognized treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of surgical management of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions, and to compare the results between acute and chronic repairs, as well as between partial and complete injuries. Methods. PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTdiscuss, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched. Studies were screened and quality assessed. Results. In all, 35 studies (1,530 surgically-repaired hamstrings) were included. Mean age at time of repair was 44.7 years (12 to 78). A total of 846 tears were acute, and 684 were chronic, with 520 tears being defined as partial, and 916 as complete. Overall, 92.6% of patients were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. Mean Lower Extremity
Aims. The primary objective of this study was to compare the postoperative infection rate between negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and conventional dressings for closed incisions following soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery. Secondary objectives were to compare rates of adverse wound events and
Introduction. Hip arthrodiastasis for paediatric hip conditions such as Perthes disease is growing in popularity. Intended merits include halting the collapse of the femoral head and maintaining sphericity by minimising the joint reaction force. This can also be applied to protecting hip reconstruction following treatment of hip dysplasia. Our aim was to assess functional outcomes and complications in a cohort of paediatric patients. Materials and Methods. A retrospective single-surgeon cohort study was performed in a University teaching hospital from 2018–2021. Follow-up was performed via telephone interview and review of patient records. Complications, time in frame and
A tourniquet is usually used during ankle arthroscopy to allow for improved visibility and reduced operation time. However, clinical studies on knee arthroscopy have not demonstrated this to be true. In addition, Zengerink and van Dijk emphasized a limited tourniquet time in ankle arthroscopy as a possible factor to lower the complication rate even more. The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of tourniquet use on arthroscopic visualization, operative time, postoperative intra-articular bleeding, postoperative pain scores and outcome of anterior ankle arthroscopy. A consecutive series of 50 patients who were scheduled for anterior ankle arthroscopy were randomized to have the surgery done either without the tourniquet inflated (25 patients) or with the tourniquet inflated (25 patients). The patients were evaluated by the course of the surgery, postoperative intra-articular bleeding, pain during the early postoperative period and by using the subjective and objective
The jackaling position within rugby has not been previously described as a mechanism for proximal hamstring injuries. This prospective single surgeon study included 54 professional rugby players (mean age 26 ± 4.8 years) undergoing acute primary surgical repair of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion injuries confirmed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. All study patients underwent a standardised postoperative rehabilitation programme. Predefined outcomes were recorded at regular intervals. Mean follow-up time was 17 months (range, 12 months to 24 months) from date of surgery. 51 patients (94.4%) returned to their pre-injury level of sporting activity. Mean time from surgical repair to full sporting activity was 7 months (range, 4 months to 12 months). Zero patients had recurrence of the primary injury. At 1 year after surgery compared to 3 months after surgery, patients had increased mean isometric hamstring muscle strength at 0° (98.4 ± 2.8% vs 88.1% ± 5.4%, p<0.001), 15° (95.9 ± 2.9 vs 88.2 ± 8.1%, p<0.001) and 45° (92.9% ± 4.1% vs 76.8% ± 9.7%, p<0.001), higher mean lower extremity
Background. Traditional teaching recommends against arthroplasty in the index finger, due to concerns over failure with pinch stress, and prefers arthrodesis is for its stability. We aim to allay these fears and present the results of our series of index finger silastic PIPJ arthroplasties. Methods: Between 2007 & 2018 48 silastic index finger PIPJ arthroplasties were undertaken in 37 patients at our Hand Unit. All were performed under local anaesthetic ring block. Eleven patients underwent PIPJ arthroplasty in both Index fingers. Thirty-five women and two men made up the cohort with a mean age of 69 years. A retrospective analysis of all patients has been undertaken to determine the clinical results including patient satisfaction, grip and pinch strength and reoperation rates. Mean follow up was 5.1 years. Results. Six index fingers developed ulnar deviation greater than 10 degrees and there were five reoperations (10.2%). There was an excellent arc of movement of mean 44 degrees with high patient satisfaction and
Aims. To clarify the effectiveness of the induced membrane technique (IMT) using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for reconstruction of segmental bone defects by evaluating clinical and radiological outcomes, and the effect of defect size and operated site on surgical outcomes. Methods. A review of the medical records was conducted of consecutive 35 lower limbs (30 males and five females; median age 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 40 to 61)) treated with IMT using β-TCP between 2014 and 2018. Lower Extremity
Aims. To describe the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes in patients with isolated congenital thoracolumbar kyphosis who were treated with three-column osteotomy by posterior-only approach. Methods. Hospital records of 27 patients with isolated congenital thoracolumbar kyphosis undergoing surgery at a single centre were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent deformity correction which involved a three-column osteotomy by single-stage posterior-only approach. Radiological parameters (local kyphosis angle (KA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7 SVA), T1 slope, and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL)),
Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the trajectory of recovery following fixation of tibial plateau fractures up to five-year follow-up, including simple (Schatzker I-IV) versus complex (Schatzker V-VI) fractures. Patients and Methods. Patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for tibial plateau fractures were enrolled into a prospective database. Functional outcome, using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS), was collected at baseline, six months, one year, and five years. The trajectory of recovery for complex fractures (Schatzker V and VI) was compared with simple fractures (Schatzker I to IV). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated between timepoints. In all, 182 patients were enrolled: 136 (74.7%) in simple and 46 (25.3%) in complex. There were 103 female patients and 79 male patients with a mean age of 45.8 years (15 to 86). Results. Mean SF-36 PCS improved significantly in both groups from six to 12 months (p < 0.001) and one to five years (simple, p = 0.008; complex, p = 0.007). In both groups, the baseline scores were not reached at five years. The SF-36 PCS was significantly higher in the simple group compared with the complex group at both six months (p = 0.007) and 12 months (p = 0.01), but not at five years (p = 0.17). Between each timepoint, approximately 50% or more of the patients in each group achieved an MCID in their score change, indicating a significant clinical change in condition. The complex group had a much larger drop off in the first six months, with comparable proportions achieving MCID at the subsequent time intervals. Conclusion. Tibial plateau fracture recovery was characterized overall by an initial decline in functional outcome from baseline, followed by a steep improvement from six to 12 months, and ongoing recovery up to five years. In simple patterns, patients tended to achieve a higher
Introduction and Objective. Kinesiophobia, the fear of physical movement and activity related to injury vulnerability, has been linked to sub-optimal outcomes following total knee replacement (TKR). This systematic review has two aims: to define the relationship between kinesiophobia and functional outcomes, pain and range of motion following TKR, and to evaluate published treatments for kinesiophobia following TKR. Materials and Methods. A primary search was performed in March 2020. English-language studies recruiting adult primary TKR patients, using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort or case control studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool for randomised controlled trials. Results. All thirteen included papers (82 identified) showed adequately low risk of methodological bias. TSK1 (activity avoidance) correlated with WOMAC
Introduction and Objective. TKA have shown both excellent long-term survival rate and symptoms and knee function improvement. Despite the good results, the literature reports dissatisfaction rates around 20%. This rate of dissatisfaction could be due to the overstuff that mechanically aligned prostheses could produce during the range of motion. Either size discrepancy between bone resection and prosthetic component and constitutional mechanical tibiofemoral alignment (MTFA) alteration might increase soft tissue tension within the joint, inducing pain and functional limitation. Materials and Methods. Total knee arthroplasties performed between July 2019 and September 2020 were examined and then divided into two groups based on the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of patellofemoral overstuff, defined as a thickness difference of more than 2 mm between chosen component and bone resection performed, taking into account at least one of the following: femoral medial and lateral condyle, medial or lateral trochlea and patella. Based on pre and post-operative MTFA measurements, Group A was further divided into two subgroups whether the considered alignment was modified or not. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and at 6 months post-op using the Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Range of Motion (ROM). Results. One hundred total knee arthroplasties were included in the present study, 69 in Group A and 31 in group B. Mean age and BMI of patients was respectively 71 and 29.2. The greatest percentage of Patellofemoral Overstuff was found at the distal lateral femoral condyle. OKS, KSS
The management of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been widely performed for total hip arthroplasties (THA), but none has compared it with hip resurfacing arthroplasty (RSA). We also carried out a retrospective case-control study comparing the surgical treatment of PJI by surgical debridement and implant retention between RSA and THA in order to clarify whether there was a difference in terms of (1) successful healing of PJI (2)
Abstract. Aims. We studied the outcomes following arthroscopic primary repair of bucket handle meniscus tears to determine the incidence of re-tears and the functional outcomes of these patients. Methodology. Prospective cohort study. Over a 4-year period (2016 to 2020), 35 adult patients presented with a bucket handle tear of the meniscus. Arthroscopic meniscal repair was performed using either the all inside technique or a combination of all-inside and inside-out techniques. 15 patients also underwent simultaneous arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Aims. We studied the outcomes following arthroscopic primary repair of bucket handle meniscus tears to determine the incidence of re-tears and the functional outcomes of these patients. Methodology. Prospective cohort study. Over a 4-year period (2016 to 2020), 35 adult patients presented with a bucket handle tear of the meniscus. Arthroscopic meniscal repair was performed using either the all inside technique or a combination of all-inside and inside-out techniques. 15 patients also underwent simultaneous arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The benefits of HXLPE in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not been as evident as total hip arthroplasty (THA). A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of highly-crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) on TKA outcomes compared to conventional polyethylene (CPE) is described. All studies comparing HXLPE with CPE for primary TKA were included for analysis. The minimum dataset included revision rates, indication for revision, aseptic component loosening and follow-up time. The primary outcome variables were all-cause revision, aseptic revision, revision for loosening, radiographic component loosening, osteolysis and incidence of radiolucent lines. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative
To evaluate if clinical recovery following midshaft clavicle fracture is associated with nonunion and determine if this has superior predictive value compared to estimation at time of injury. A prospective study of all patients (≥16 years) who sustained a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture was performed. We assessed patient demographics, injury factors,
There has been growing interest in the literature regarding evaluation of functional outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) while suffering from depression and using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Previous literature has shown that these patients have lower post-operative
The function of the shoulder joint has traditionally been evaluated based on range of motion (ROM) in predefined anatomical planes and also by using
Aims. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical outcome of patients with a femoral shaft fracture and a previous complex post-traumatic femoral malunion who were treated with a clamshell osteotomy and fixation with an intramedullary nail (IMN). Methods. The study involved a retrospective analysis of 23 patients. All had a previous, operatively managed, femoral shaft fracture with malunion due to hardware failure. They were treated with a clamshell osteotomy between May 2015 and March 2020. The mean age was 42.6 years (26 to 62) and 15 (65.2%) were male. The mean follow-up was 2.3 years (1 to 5). Details from their medical records were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the quality of correction of the deformity, functional recovery, the healing time of the fracture, and complications. Results. The mean length of time between the initial injury and surgery was 4.5 years (3 to 10). The mean operating time was 2.8 hours (2.05 to 4.4)), and the mean blood loss was 850 ml (650 to 1,020). Complications occurred in five patients (21.7%): two with wound necrosis, and three with deep vein thrombosis. The mean coronal deformity was significantly corrected from 17.78° (SD 4.62°) preoperatively to 1.35° (SD 1.72°) postoperatively (p < 0.001), and the mean sagittal deformity was significantly corrected from 20.65° (SD 5.88°) preoperatively to 1.61° (SD 1.95°; p < 0.001) postoperatively. The mean leg length discrepancy was significantly corrected from 3.57 cm (SD 1.27) preoperatively to 1.13 cm (SD 0.76) postoperatively (p < 0.001). All fractures healed at a mean of seven months (4 to 12) postoperatively. The mean Lower Extremity
Abstract. Introduction. Derby technique for posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction uses a doubled gracilis autograft to reconstruct the popliteo-fibular ligament (PFL) and a split biceps tendon transfer to reconstruct the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). We report midterm outcomes of a case series who underwent PLC reconstruction. Methodology. A retrospective review of 27 patients who underwent PLC reconstruction from 2012 until 2018 was performed (6 females, 21 males, median age 26). Median time interval from injury to primary procedure was 10 months. Outcomes were recorded as per clinical assessment and outcome scores. Results. All patients had no varus laxity in full knee extension. Similarly, at 30° of knee flexion, 25 patients (92.5%) had no varus laxity and 2 patients (7.5%) had grade 1 laxity. No patients demonstrated abnormal external rotation at final follow up. Outcome scores were obtained from 17 patients who underwent primary ligament reconstruction at a mean follow up of 72 months postoperatively. The mean Lysholm score was 94 +/-5.5 (72–100) and mean subjective IKDC score was 78/87 (89.6%) (51–87). 90% of our patients had gained normal or nearly normal IKDC scores on returning to routine activities of daily living and sports following surgery compared to their pre-injury status. Conclusion. Our technique enables an anatomical LCL & PFL reconstruction in isolation or in combination with ACL/PCL reconstruction or to augment an acute repair without contralateral graft harvest or allograft. The
Background. Hip arthroscopy is a rapidly growing, evolving area within arthroscopic Orthopaedic Surgery, with annual rates increasing as much as 25-fold each year. Despite improvements in equipment and training, it remains a challenging procedure. Rates of revision surgery have been reported as 6.3% to 16.9%. Objectives. The primary objective was to determine the success of joint preservation after hip arthroscopy. The secondary objective was to determine whether patient characteristics or PROM
Aims. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate differences in functional outcomes and complications between single- (SI) and double-incision (DI) techniques for the treatment of distal biceps tendon rupture. Methods. A comprehensive search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central databases was conducted to identify studies reporting comparative results of the SI versus the DI approach. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for search strategy. Of 606 titles, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria; methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random- and fixed-effects models were used to find differences in outcomes between the two surgical approaches. The range of motion (ROM) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, as well as neurological and non-neurological complications, were assessed. Results. A total of 2,622 patients were identified. No significant differences in DASH score were detected between the techniques. The SI approach showed significantly greater ROM in flexion (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.508; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.904 to -0.112) and pronation (SMD -0.325, 95% CI -0.637 to -0.012). The DI technique was associated with significantly less risk of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve damage (odds ratio (OR) 4.239, 95% CI 2.171 to 8.278), but no differences were found for other nerves evaluated. The SI group showed significantly fewer events of heterotopic ossification (OR 0.430, 95% CI 0.226 to 0.816) and a lower reoperation rate (OR 0.503, 95% CI 0.317 to 0.798). Conclusion. No significant differences in
Aims. For paediatric and adolescent patients with growth potential, preservation of the physiological joint by transepiphyseal resection (TER) of the femur confers definite advantages over arthroplasty procedures. We hypothesized that the extent of the tumour and changes in its extent after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are essential factors in the selection of this procedure, and can be assessed with MRI. The oncological and functional outcomes of the procedure were reviewed to confirm its safety and efficacy. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients (seven male and nine female, mean age 12.2 years (7 to 16)) with osteosarcoma of the knee who had been treated by TER. We evaluated the MRI scans before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for all patients to assess the extent of the disease and the response to treatment. Results. The mean follow-up period was 64.3 months (25 to 148) after surgery and no patients were lost to follow-up. On MRI evaluation, 13 tumours were near but not in contact with the physes and three tumours were partially in contact with the physes before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Bone oedema in the epiphysis was observed in eight patients. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bone oedema in the epiphysis disappeared in all patients. In total, 11 tumours were not in contact and five tumours were in partial contact with the physes. The postoperative pathological margin was negative in all patients. At the last follow-up, 12 patients were continuously disease-free and three had no evidence of disease. One patient died due to the disease. Functionally, the patients with retained allograft or recycled autograft had a mean knee range of flexion of 126° (90° to 150°). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society
Aims. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of extendable endoprostheses of the humerus in children after the resection of a bone sarcoma. Methods. A total of 35 consecutive patients treated with extendable endoprosthetic replacement of the humerus in children were included. There were 17 boys and 18 girls in the series with a median age at the time of initial surgery of nine years (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 11). Results. The median follow-up time was 10.6 years (IQR 3.9 to 20.4). The overall implant survival at ten years was 75%. Complications occurred in 13 patients (37%). Subluxation at the proximal humerus occurred in 19 patients (54%) but only six (17%) were symptomatic. Subluxation was seen more commonly in children under the age of nine years (86%) than in those aged nine years or more (33%) (p = 0.002). Implant failure occurred in nine patients (26%): the most common cause was aseptic loosening (four patients, 11%). Lengthening of the implant was carried out in 23 patients (66%). At final follow up, three patients had a limb that was shortened by 5 cm or more. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS)
Abstract. Objectives. We aimed to evaluate if union of clavicle fractures can be predicted at six weeks post-injury by the presence of bridging callus detected by ultrasound. Methods. Adult patients who sustained a displaced midshaft clavicle were recruited prospectively. We assessed patient demographics,
Aims. In the UK, fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s contracture is generally performed under general or regional anaesthetic, with an arm tourniquet and in a hospital setting. We have changed our practice to use local anaesthetic with adrenaline, no arm tourniquet, and perform the surgery in a community setting. We present the outcome of a consecutive series of 30 patients. Methods. Prospective data were collected for 30 patients undergoing open fasciectomy on 36 digits (six having two digits affected), over a one-year period and under the care of two surgeons. In total, 10 ml to 20 ml volume of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline was used. A standard postoperative rehabilitation regime was used. Preoperative health scores, goniometer measurements of metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) contractures, and Unité Rheumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) scores were measured pre- and postoperatively at six and 12 weeks. Results. The mean preoperative contractures were 35.3° (0° to 90°) at the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ), 32.5° (0° to 90°) at proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) (a combined deformity of 67.8°). The mean correction was 33.6° (0° to 90°) for the MCPJ and 18.2° (0° to 70°) for the PIPJ leading to a combined correction of 51.8°. There was a complete deformity correction in 21 fingers (59.5%) and partial correction in 14 digits (37.8%) with no correction in one finger. The mean residual deformities for the partial/uncorrected group were MCP 4.2° (0° to 30°), and PIP 26.1° (0° to 85°). For those achieving a full correction the mean preoperative contracture was less particularly at the PIP joint (15.45° (0° to 60°) vs 55.33° (0° to 90°)). Mean preoperative URAM scores were higher in the fully corrected group (17.4 (4 to 31) vs 14.0 (0 to 28)), but lower at three months post-surgery (0.5 (0 to 3) vs 4.40 (0 to 18)), with both groups showing improvements. Infections occurred in two patients (three digits) and both were successfully treated with oral antibiotics. No other complications were noted. The estimated cost of a fasciectomy under local anaesthetic in the community was £184.82 per patient. The estimated hospital theatre costs for a fasciectomy was £1,146.62 under general anaesthetic (GA), and £1,085.30 under an axillary block. Conclusion. This study suggests that a fasciectomy performed under local anaesthetic with adrenaline and without an arm tourniquet and in a community setting is safe, and results in favourable outcomes regarding the degree of correction of contracture achieved,
Aim. The reconstruction of bone critical size defects of the tibia is one of the most complex therapeutic challenges in the orthopedic field. This study aims to describe and evaluate our three-staged surgical protocol of reconstruction of infected defects of the tibia emphasizing in limb salvage rate, resolution of infection, functional outcome and patient satisfaction. Method. A retrospective review was performed in all cases of complex infected tibia fracture with combined soft and bone tissue loss treated in a specialized limb reconstruction center between 2010 and 2018. In all cases, a three-stage protocol was performed: 1) Infected-limb damage control with radical debridement, 2) Soft tissue coverage with vascularized or local flap 3) Bone reconstruction procedure. The minimum follow-up required was 12 months after external fixator removal. Results. Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 42 years were included. The mean soft tissue defect was 91.7 cm2 and the mean bone defect was 5.8 cm. 67.85% of the cases were classified as a type IV B-local osteomyelitis. The median global treatment time was 456 days. The External Fixator Time (EFT) was 419, 284, 235 for bone transport, shortening-lengthening and acute shortening groups respectively. The median Bone Healing Index (BHI) was 1.82 months/cm in bone transport group and 2.15 months/cm in shortening-lengthening group. The limb salvage rate was 92.85%. Infection resolution rate was 96,42%. We achieved bone union in 92,85% of the cases. Regarding ASAMI bone score, 92.8% of the cases were “good-or-excellent”. Two patients underwent a delayed amputation. Eight cases of non-progressive Docking Site (DS) healing were observed. Nineteen non-expected reinterventions were performed. Functional data: the mean VAS score was 1.0. The mean LEFS score was 55.88 (55.88/80). Regarding ASAMI
Background. Recently, a larger number of elderly individuals with osteoporosis has undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Intuitively, such vulnerable bone condition should deteriorate post-TKA functional recovery compared to a non-osteoporotic condition, but this hypothesis has not been directly examined. Methods. To address this issue, we analysed prognosis of patients who underwent TKA in Toranomon Hospital in Japan between April 2016 and March 2017 (27 of 40 cases, age 75.0±8.2 years old, BMI 24.5±3.1), and evaluated effects of osteoporosis on the changes in functions of the knees three/six/twelve months after the operation. The knee functions were quantified based on Knee Society Score (KSS), and the severity of the pre-operative osteoporosis was evaluated by T-score. We examined the relationships between these scores using multiple regression analyses with age, BMI, and sex as covariates. We excluded patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Results. The multiple regression analyses revealed that the severity of osteoporosis (T-score) before TKA did not have sufficient explanatory powers for either type of KSS (for Knee Score, adjusted R2 ≤ 0.16; for
Thumb Carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis is a common pathology of the hand. Surgical treatment with thumb reconstruction is well described. Retrospective outcomes have been described for multiple techniques, suggesting patient satisfaction with multiple different techniques. The Thompson technique uses a slip of Abductor Pollicis Longus for suspension and interposition as well as excision of the trapezium. Retrospective outcomes suggest good patient satisfaction. We describe the improvement in Patient rated outcomes scores (PROS) and changes in pinch and grip strength in a prospectively collected cohort of patients treated with a modification of the Thompson technique. To assess changes in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH) scores, as well as to determine the percentage of patients that surpassed the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) figure that has been described in the literature for these tests. In addition, measurements for evaluation of pinch and grip strength prior to surgery, at six, and at twelve months follow-up were done. Between June 2016 and February 2019, a consecutive prospective series of Thirty-seven LRTI procedures with APL suspension arthroplasty (Thompson technique) were performed on 34 patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb CMC joint (24 women / 13 men; age 63±8.553). All surgeries were performed by the senior surgeon. Data was collected as part of a wrist pain database. Patients failing conservative treatment and electing surgical management of thumb arthritis were enrolled into the database. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively with the PRWE and QDASH questionnaires and grip and pinch strength measurements, and postoperatively at 6 and 12 months. The MCID for QDASH and PRWE is 14 and will be evaluated at the same time points for each patient. Paired student T-test was used to determine differences in the means. Data are presented as mean ± SD unless stated otherwise. Differences with p<.05 were considered significant. Compared to the pre-operative assessment, at six months, the means of PRWE pain score and PRWE
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine if better outcomes occur with use of robotic-arm assistance by comparing consecutive series of non-robotic assisted (NR-TKA) and robotic-arm assisted (NR-TKA) total knee arthroplasties with the same implant. Methods. 80 NR-TKAs and then 101 RA-TKAs were performed consecutively. 70 knees in each group that had a minimum two-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Range of motion, Knee Society (KS) scores, and forgotten joint scores (FJS) were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Tourniquets, used for all cases, had their inflation time recorded. Component realignment to minimize soft tissue releases was used in both groups with the goal to stay within a mechanical alignment of 3° of varus to 2° of valgus. The use of soft tissue releases for balance were compared. Results. There were no statistical differences in baseline characteristics including pre-operative Knee Society scores between cohorts. The two-year NR-TKA and RA-TKA median KS knee and
Introduction. The use of intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine (LB) peri-articular injection has been highly debated for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluated the effect of an institutional-wide discontinuation of intraoperative LB on immediate postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, and objective functional outcomes. Material and Methods. Between July 1, 2019 and November 30, 2019, an institutional policy discontinued use of intraoperative LB, while the volume of non-LB with epinephrine was increased from 40-ml to 60-ml. A historical cohort was derived from patients undergoing TKA between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2019. All patients received the same opioid sparing protocol, minimizing variability in prescribing habits. No adductor canal blocks/pumps were utilized. Nursing documented verbal rating scale (VRS) pain scores were collected from our electronic data warehouse and averaged per patient per 12-hour interval. Opiate administration events were derived as Morphine Milligram Equivalences (MMEs) per patient per 24-hour interval. To assess immediate postoperative functional status, the validated Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) tool was utilized. All time events were calculated relative to TKA completion instant. Results. 789 primary TKAs did not receive intraoperative LB, while 888 patients acted as controls. Age was significantly greater in patients that did not receive intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine (66.80±8.97 vs 65.57±9.46; p<.01). Gender, BMI, ASA physical status score, race, smoking status, marital status, surgical time, length of stay and discharge disposition were similar between the two groups (p>.05). Compared to historical controls, discontinuation of LB demonstrated no significant difference in postoperative inpatient VRS pain scores up to 72 hours (p>.05), opioid administration up to 96 hours (p>.05), or AM-PAC scores within the first 24 hours (p>.05). Discussion. Subjective pain scores, opioid consumption, and
Introduction and Objective. Several studies have described double and triple femoral neck lengthening osteotomies to correct coxa brevis deformity, however, no overview exists in literature. Our aim was to perform the first systematic review of the outcomes of double and triple femoral neck lengthening. Materials and Methods. After an extensive search in Pubmed, CINAHL and Embase libraries for published articles using the following search strategy: ‘(((proximal femoral deformity) OR hip dysplasia) OR coxa brevis) AND (((femoral neck lengthening) OR double proximal femoral osteotomy) OR triple proximal femoral osteotomy)’, we included studies reporting the results of double and triple femoral neck osteotomies. Clinical and radiological outcomes, and reported complications were extracted. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results. After evaluating 456 articles, we included 11 articles reporting 149 osteotomies in 143 patients (31% male, 64% female, 5% unspecified). Mean age of the patients was 20 years (range 7 years to 52 years). Indications were developmental hip dysplasia (51%), Perthes disease (27%), infection (6%), post-trauma (4%), congenital disorders (2%), slipped capital femoral epiphysis (1%), idiopathic (3%) and unknown (6%). The mean limb length discrepancy reduced by 12 mm (0 mm to 40 mm). In total, 65% of 101 positive Trendelenburg sign hips experienced improvement of abductor muscle strength. An 18% (9% to 36%) increase could be found in
Aims. Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) are challenging complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and some treatment controversies remain. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the short-to-mid-term clinical outcomes after treatment of Vancouver type B PFF and to compare postoperative outcome in subgroups according to classifications and treatments; to report the clinical outcomes after conservative treatment; and to identify risk factors for postoperative complications in Vancouver type B PFF. Methods. A total of 97 consecutive PPFs (49 males and 48 females) were included with a mean age of 66 years (standard deviation (SD) 14.9). Of these, 86 patients were treated with surgery and 11 were treated conservatively. All living patients had a minimum two-year follow-up. Patient demographics details, fracture healing,
Aims. Iliac wing (Type I) and iliosacral (Type I/IV) pelvic resections for a primary bone tumour create a large segmental defect in the pelvic ring. The management of this defect is controversial as the surgeon may choose to reconstruct it or not. When no reconstruction is undertaken, the residual ilium collapses back onto the remaining sacrum forming an iliosacral pseudarthrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term oncological outcome, complications, and functional outcome after pelvic resection without reconstruction. Methods. Between 1989 and 2015, 32 patients underwent a Type I or Type I/IV pelvic resection without reconstruction for a primary bone tumour. There were 21 men and 11 women with a mean age of 35 years (15 to 85). The most common diagnosis was chondrosarcoma (50%, n = 16). Local recurrence-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient function was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). Results. At a mean follow-up of 159 months (1 to 207), 23 patients were alive without disease, one was alive with lung metastases, one was alive following local recurrence, four were dead of disease, and three had died from other causes. The overall ten-year survival was 77%. There was only one (3%) local recurrence, which occurred at 26 months. There were 18 complications in 17 patients; 13 wound healing complications/infections, three fractures, one pulmonary embolism, and one dislocation of the hip. Most complications occurred early. The mean
Background. This study aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on functional outcome following hip preservation surgery using the U.K. Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry (NAHR). Methods. Data on adult patients who underwent hip arthroscopy or periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) between January 2012 and December 2018 was extracted from the UK Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry dataset allowing a minimum of 12 months follow-up. Data is collected via an online clinician and patient portal. Outcomes comprised EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index and the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12), preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months. Results. A total of 6,666 patients were identified with BMI data available in 52%, comprising 3,220 arthroscopies and 277 PAO. Patients were divided into WHO groups: <25kg/m. 2. (n=1,745 (49.8%)), 25–30kg/m. 2. (n=1,199 (34.2%)), and ≥30kg/m. 2. (n=562 (16.0%)). Patients with higher BMI tended to be older. Pre-operative, 6 and 12-month follow-up were available for 91%, 49% and 45% of cases respectively. Higher BMI was associated with significantly poorer baseline, 6- and 12-month outcomes (12-month mean iHOT-12 score: <25kg/m. 2. = 62.3 (95%CI 60.4 to 64.3), 25–30kg/m. 2. = 57.3 (95%CI 55.0 to 59.7), ≥30kg/m. 2. = 54.7 (95%CI 51.1 to 58.2)). However, all groups saw similar and statistically significant improvement in pre- vs post-op scores (mean 12-month iHOT-12 gain: <25kg/m. 2. = +27.1 (95%CI 25.1 to 29.0), 25–30kg/m. 2. = +26.5 (95%CI 24.0 to 29.0), ≥30kg/m. 2. = +26.8 (95%CI 23.2 to 30.4), between-group p = 0.9). EQ-5D outcomes followed the same trend. Modelling for age, sex and procedure we found no significant difference in 12-month iHOT-12 gain between BMI groups. Conclusion. Whilst obese patients started from, and achieved lower post-operative raw
Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the surgical dislocation approach and modified trapdoor procedure for the treatment of chondroblastoma of the femoral head. Patients and Methods. A total of 17 patients (ten boys, seven girls; mean age 16.4 years (11 to 26)) diagnosed with chondroblastoma of the femoral head who underwent surgical dislocation of the hip joint, modified trapdoor procedure, curettage, and bone grafting were enrolled in this study and were followed-up for a mean of 35.9 months (12 to 76). Healing and any local recurrence were assessed via clinical and radiological tests. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society scoring system (MSTS). Patterns of bone destruction were evaluated using the Lodwick classification. Secondary osteoarthritis was classified via radiological analysis following the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Steinberg classification was used to evaluate osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Results. The epiphyseal plate was open, closing, and closed in five, five, and seven patients, respectively. In total, eight, six, and three patients were classified as having Lodwick classification IA, IB, and IC, respectively. Allogeneic and autogenous bone grafting was used in 13 and four patients, respectively. All patients had good bone healing and no local recurrence was observed. One patient developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Steinberg IA) and one developed secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint (Kellgren–Lawrence Grade II). The mean postoperative MSTS
Fractures of the lateral clavicle with complete displacement have a high non-union rate and are associated with poor functional outcomes following non-operative treatment. Various operative techniques are available but preliminary studies of open reduction and tunnelled suspensory device (ORTSD) fixation report good early functional outcomes with a low rate of complications. This study assesses the functional outcomes in a large series of patients treated using ORTSD. After surgical reconstruction in 67 patients, outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and Oxford score at six weeks, and three, six and twelve months post-operatively. 55 of 64 surviving patients were contacted at a mean of 69 (27–120) months to complete DASH and Oxford scores, evaluate overall satisfaction, and document any complications. At one year post-operatively, the mean Oxford score was 46.4 and mean DASH score was 2.4 points (59/67 patients assessed). At a mean of 69 months after surgery, the mean Oxford score was 46.5 and mean DASH score was 2.2 (55 surviving and contactable patients). There were no significant differences between the one-year
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has an increasing effective use in the treatment of patients with a variety of diagnoses, including rotator cuff deficiency, inflammatory arthritis, or failed shoulder prostheses. Glenoid bone loss is not uncommonly encountered in these cases due to the significant wear. Severe bone loss can compromise glenoid baseplate positioning and fixation, consequently increasing the risk for early component loosening, instability, and scapular notching. To manage severe glenoid bone deficiencies, bone grafts are commonly used. Although, many studies report outcome of bone grafting in revision RSA, the literature on humeral head autograft for glenoid bone loss in primary RSA is less robust. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary RSA with humeral head autograft for glenoid bone loss at our institution. Institutional review board approval was obtained to retrospectively review the records of 22 consecutive primary RTSA surgeries in 21 patients with humeral head autograft for glenoid bone loss between January 2008 and December 2016. Five patients died during follow-up, three were unable to be contacted and one refused to participate, leaving a final study cohort of 12 patients with 13 shoulders that underwent RSA. All patients had a clinical evaluation including detailed ROM and clinical evaluation using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score, Constant Score, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS), and Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaires. Preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs and CT scans were assessed for component position, loosening, scapular notching, as well as graft incorporation, resorption, or collapse. There were 6 males and 6 females, with an average age of 74 ± 6.8 years. The average BMI was 31.7 ± 5.3, and the median ASA score was 3. Average follow-up was 3.4 ± 1.1 years. The average postoperative range of motion measurements for the operative arm are: flexion = 120 ± 37, abduction = 106 ± 23, external rotation = 14 ± 12, internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction = 49 ± 7, external rotation at 90 degrees of abduction = 50 ± 28. Average
Introduction. Functional outcomes of mechanically aligned (MA) total knee arthroplasty have plateaued. The aim of this study is to find an alternative technique for implant positioning that improves functional outcomes of TKA. Methods. We prospectively randomized 100 consecutive patients undergoing TKA into two groups: in the group A an intramedullary femoral guide and an extramedullary tibial guide were used with aim to obtain a neutral traditional mechanical alignment; in the group B an extramedullary femoral guide set on distal femoral condyles and an extramedullary tibial guide neutrally aligned were used to obtain an adaptation of the conventional MA technique. Patients were followed-up clinically with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) questionnaires pre-operatively and then at 1 year post-operatively. Mechanical alignment was calculated on standing weight bearing Xray pre- and post-operatively. T-test was used to compare the results between groups. Results. Both groups showed an improvement of clinical scores. At 1 year of follow-up OKS and SF-12 were significantly higher in group B: 47,6 ±0.75 and 46.5 ±0.76 respectively; VAS was similar in both groups. Values of mechanical alignment changed from 6.45 ±8.45 to 0.25 ±0.91 for group A and from 6.8 ±7.94 to 2.5 ±4.7 for group B. Conclusion. This study shows that adjusted mechanical alignment (AMA) with a small under-correction of frontal deformity lead to improved
Recently, new metallurgical techniques allowed the creation of 3D metal matrices for cementless acetabular components. Among several different products now available on the market, the Biofoam Dynasty cup (MicroPort Orthopedics® Inc., Arlington, TN, USA) uses an ultraporous Titanium technology but has never been assessed in literature. Coping with this lack of information, our study aims to assess its radiological osteointegration at two years in a primary total hip arthroplasty and compares it to a successful contemporary cementless acetabular cup. This monocentric retrospective study includes 96 Dynasty Biofoam acetabular components implanted between March 2010 and August 2014 with a minimum 2 years radiographic follow-up. Previous acetabular surgery, any septic issue or re-operation for component malposition were exclusion criteria. They were compared to 96 THA using the Trident PSL matched for age, gender, BMI and follow-up. Presence of radiolucencies and sclerotic lines were described on AP pelvis views using the classification of DeLee and Charnley. There was no statistical difference between the two groups concerning demographics and mean follow-up (p> 0.05). Shell's anteversion was similar but inclination was greater in the biofoam group (p=0.006). 27,17% of the Biofoam shells presented radiolucencies in 2 zones or more and 0% of the Trident shells. 11,96% of Biofoam cups showed radiolucencies in the 3 zones of DeLee comparing to 0% of the Trident cups. There was no statistical difference between the Biofoam group (n=54/96) and the Trident PSL group (n=57/96) in pre-operative
The effectiveness of total hip replacement as a surgical intervention has revolutionized the care of degenerative conditions of the hip joint. However, the surgeon is still left with important decisions in regards to how best deliver that care with choice of surgical approach being one of them especially in regards to the short-term clinical outcome. It is however unclear if a particular surgical approach offers a long-term advantage. This study aims to determine the influence of the three main surgical approaches to the hip on patient reported outcomes and quality of life after 5 years post-surgery. We extracted from our prospective database all the patients who underwent a Total Hip Replacement surgery for osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis between 2008 and 2012 by an anterior, posterior or lateral approach. All the pre-operative and post-operative HOOS (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) scores were noted. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to study the relationship between amount of change in HOOS and WOMAC subscales (dependant variables) and approach used, by also including confounding factors of age, gender, ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) score, Charnley score and Body Mass Index. A total of 1895 patients underwent a primary total hip arthroplasty during the considered period. Among them, 367 had pre-operative and ≥5 years post operative PROM scores (19.47%). The mean follow-up for the study cohort was 5.3 years (range 5 to 7 years) with, 277 at 5 years, 63 at 6 years, and 27 at 7 years. In the posterior approach group we had 138 patients (37.60%), 104 in the lateral approach (28.34%) and 125 in the anterior approach (34.06%). There were no significant differences between the 3 groups concerning the Charnley classification, BMI, Gender, ASA score, side and pre-operative
Background: In Denmark there is every year performed 5000 total knee Arthroplasty, and the number increase fast every year. The most common indication for total knee Arthroplasty is arthrosis which constitute 80 %. Convincing studies shows that overweight and obesity are the most important reason for develop arthrosis. On the contrary the relationship between overweight and outcome are ambiguous. This study examinant whether there is association between body mass index and the clinical outcome at 1 year following primary total knee Arthroplasty. Method and material: A total of 158 patients, 116 woman and 42 men undergoing a total knee Arthroplasty replacement from the hospital of southern Jutland Sonderborg in the period January 1. 2005 – December 31. 2006. Each patient where followed from the day of the surgery to 1 year postoperative. There were four clinical outcome measures;
The October 2023 Trauma Roundup360 looks at: Intramedullary nailing versus sliding hip screw in trochanteric fracture management: the INSITE randomized clinical trial; Five-year outcomes for patients with a displaced fracture of the distal tibia; Direct anterior versus anterolateral approach in hip joint hemiarthroplasty; Proximal humerus fractures: treat them all nonoperatively?; Tranexamic acid administration by prehospital personnel; Locked plating versus nailing for proximal tibia fractures: a multicentre randomized controlled trial; A retrospective review of the rate of septic knee arthritis after retrograde femoral nailing for traumatic femoral fractures at a single academic institution.
Introduction. The management of early OA in young patients with joint preservation techniques utilizing cartilage repair remains challenging and a suitable treatment remains unclear. The management of bipolar chondral lesions in the patello-femoral (PF) and in the tibio-femoral (TF) compartment with cartilage repair is especially troublesome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and survivorship after ACI for the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the PF and TF compartment. Methods. This was an IRB approved, prospectively collected case series, level 4 study. We evaluated 115 patients. 58 patients who had ACI for the treatment of symptomatic bipolar chondral lesions in the PF compartment and 57 in the TF compartment with a minimum 2-year follow up. A single surgeon performed all the surgeries between October 1995 and June 2014. In the PF group, all 58 patients (60 knees; mean age, 36.6 years) were included, and for the TF group one patient did not return for follow-up, 56 patients (58 knees) were included. For the PF group, an average size of the patella and trochlea lesions were 5.6 ± 2.7 cm2 and 4.2 ± 2.8 cm2, respectively. For the TF group, an average of 3.1 lesions per knee were treated, representing a total surface area of 16.1 cm2 (range, 3.2 – 44.5 cm2) per knee. Patients were evaluated with the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the Short Form 36. Patients also answered questions regarding self-rated knee function and satisfaction with the procedure. Standard radiographs were evaluated for progression of OA. Results. Patients did well for bipolar ACI in both compartments. In the PF compartment overall, the survival rate was 83% and 79% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Of the 49 (82%) knees with retained grafts, all
The management of mid-shaft clavicle fractures (MSCFs) has evolved over the last three decades. Controversy exists over which specific fracture patterns to treat and when. This review aims to synthesize the literature in order to formulate an appropriate management algorithm for these injuries in both adolescents and adults. This is a systematic review of clinical studies comparing the outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatments for MSCFs in the past 15 years. The literature was searched using, PubMed, Google scholar, OVID Medline, and Embase. All databases were searched with identical search terms: mid-shaft clavicle fractures (± fixation) (± nonoperative).Aims
Methods
Revision rates for ankle arthroplasties are higher than hip or knee arthroplasties. When a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) fails, it can either undergo revision to another ankle replacement, revision of the TAA to ankle arthrodesis (fusion), or amputation. Currently there is a paucity of literature on the outcomes of these revisions. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the outcomes of revision TAA with respect to surgery type, functional outcomes, and reoperations. A systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Cochrane reviews were searched for relevant papers. Papers analyzing surgical treatment for failed ankle arthroplasties were included. All papers were reviewed by two authors. Overall, 34 papers met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed.Aims
Methods
This edition of the Cochrane Corner looks at the three reviews that were published in the second half of 2023: surgical versus non-surgical interventions for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures; cryotherapy following total knee arthroplasty; and physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents.