Advertisement for orthosearch.org.uk
Results 1 - 20 of 60
Results per page:
The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1347 - 1354
1 Oct 2016
Palan J Smith MC Gregg P Mellon S Kulkarni A Tucker K Blom AW Murray DW Pandit H

Aims

Periprosthetic fracture (PF) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication. This study aims to investigate the influence of cemented stem designs on the risk of needing a revision for a PF.

Patients and Methods

We analysed data on 257 202 primary THAs with cemented stems and 390 linked first revisions for PF recorded in the National Joint Registry (NJR) of England, Wales and Northern Ireland to determine if a cemented femoral stem brand was associated with the risk of having revision for a PF after primary THA. All cemented femoral stem brands with more than 10 000 primary operations recorded in the NJR were identified. The four most commonly used cemented femoral stems were the Exeter V40 (n = 146 409), CPT (n = 24 300), C-Stem (n = 15 113) and Charnley (n = 20 182).

We compared the revision risk ratios due to PF amongst the stems using a Poisson regression model adjusting for patient factors. Compared with the Exeter V40, the age, gender and ASA grade adjusted revision rate ratio was 3.89 for the cemented CPT stem (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.07 to 4.93), 0.89 for the C-Stem (95% CI 0.57 to 1.41) and 0.41 for the Charnley stem (95% CI 0.24 to 0.70).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1359 - 1365
1 Oct 2013
Baker PN Rushton S Jameson SS Reed M Gregg P Deehan DJ

Pre-operative variables are increasingly being used to determine eligibility for total knee replacement (TKR). This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships, interactions and predictive capacity of variables available pre- and post-operatively on patient satisfaction following TKR. Using nationally collected patient reported outcome measures and data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales, we identified 22 798 patients who underwent TKR for osteoarthritis between August 2008 and September 2010. The ability of specific covariates to predict satisfaction was assessed using ordinal logistic regression and structural equational modelling. Only 4959 (22%) of 22 278 patients rated the results of their TKR as ‘excellent’, despite the majority (71%, n = 15 882) perceiving their knee symptoms to be much improved. The strongest predictors of satisfaction were post-operative variables. Satisfaction was significantly and positively related to the perception of symptom improvement (operative success) and the post-operative EuroQol-5D score. While also significant within the models pre-operative variables were less important and had a minimal influence upon post-operative satisfaction. The most robust predictions of satisfaction occurred only when both pre- and post-operative variables were considered together. These findings question the appropriateness of restricting access to care based on arbitrary pre-operative thresholds as these factors have little bearing on post-operative satisfaction.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1359–65.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 76 - 76
1 Jan 2013
Baker P Jameson S Deehan D Gregg P Porter M Tucker K
Full Access

Background

Current analysis of unicondylar knee replacements (UKR) by national registries is based on the pooled results of medial and lateral implants. Using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR) we aimed to determine the proportion of lateral UKR implanted, their survival and reason for failure in comparison to medial UKR.

Methods

By combining information on the side of operation with component details held on the NJR we were able to determine implant laterality (medial vs. lateral) for 32,847 of the 35,624 (92%) UKR registered before December 2010. Kaplan Meier plots, Life tables and Cox' proportion hazards were used to compare the risk of failure for lateral and medial UKRs after adjustment for patient and implant covariates.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 197 - 197
1 Jan 2013
Baker P Critchley R Jameson S Hodgson S Reed M Gregg P Deehan D
Full Access

Background

Both surgeon and hospital volume influence patient outcomes following revision knee arthroplasty.

Purpose

To audit all centres performing revision knee procedures in England and Wales over a 2-year period. All centres were audited against two pre-defined standards linked to hospital volume

Operative volume should be greater than 10 revisions per year;

More than 2.5 revisions should be performed for every 100 primary arthroplasties implanted.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 69 - 69
1 Jan 2013
Hanusch B Gregg P Hui A
Full Access

Introduction

High flexion knee arthroplasties have been designed to allow up to 155 degrees flexion and enable high flexion activities such as kneeling and squatting. To date randomised controlled trials have shown no difference in range of movement (ROM) between high flexion and standard designs.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in functional outcome and ROM between the standard and high flexion design of the PFC Sigma TKA system.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 27 - 27
1 Jan 2013
Jameson S Baker P Mason J Deehan D Gregg P Porter M Reed M
Full Access

Introduction

Following in-depth analysis of the market leading brand combinations in which we identified implant influences on risk of revision, we compared revision in patients implanted with different categories of hip replacement in order to find implant with the lowest revision risk, once known flawed options were removed.

Methods

All patients with osteoarthritis who underwent a hip replacement (2003–2010) using an Exeter-Contemporary (cemented), Corail-Pinnacle (cementless), Exeter-Trident (Hybrid) or a Birmingham Hip resurfacing (BHR) were initially included within the analysis. Operations involving factors that were significant predictors of revision were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were then used to assess the relative risk of revision for a category of implant (compared with cemented), after adjustment for patient covariates.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 38 - 38
1 Jan 2013
Baker P Rushton S Jameson S Reed M Gregg P Deehan D
Full Access

Purpose

To determine how patient characteristics; health status and pre-operative knee function effect patient reported satisfaction and operative success following total knee replacement (TKR). We hypothesised that a number of patient factors would influence the reported levels of symptomatic improvement (success) and satisfaction and that these two outcomes would represent different aspects of the patient's perception of outcome.

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and National Joint Registry (NJR) data. Complete patient data was available for 9,874 TKRs performed for osteoarthritis between 1/8/08 and 31/12/10. The relationship of the background factors to patient perceived satisfaction and success was investigated using ordinal logistic regression and structural equation modelling (SEM).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_1 | Pages 39 - 39
1 Jan 2013
Jameson S Baker P Charman S Deehan D Reed M Gregg P van der Meulen J
Full Access

Background

The most appropriate form of chemical thromboprophylaxis following knee replacement is a contentious issue. Most national guidelines recommend the use of low molecular weight Heparin (LMWH) whilst opposing the use of aspirin. We compared thromboembolic events, major haemorrhage and death after knee replacement in patients receiving either aspirin or LMWH.

Methods

Data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales was linked to an administrative database of hospital admissions in the English National Health Service. A total of 156 798 patients undergoing knee replacement between April 2003 and September 2008 were included and followed up for 90 days. Multivariable risk modelling was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for baseline risk factors (AOR). An AOR < 1 indicates that risk rates are lower with LMWH than with aspirin.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_IV | Pages 110 - 110
1 Mar 2012
Baker P van der Meulen J Lewsey J Gregg P
Full Access

Purpose

To examine how patients viewed the outcome of their joint replacement at least one year post surgery. Emphasis was placed on investigating the relative influence of ongoing pain and functional limitation on patient satisfaction.

Method

Questionnaire based assessment of the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), patient satisfaction, and need for reoperation in a group of 10,000 patients who had undergone primary unilateral knee replacement between April and December 2003. Questionnaires were linked to the NJR database to provide data on background demographics, clinical parameters and intraoperative surgical information for each patient.

Data was analysed to investigate the relationship between the OKS, satisfaction rate and the background factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to establish which factors influenced patient satisfaction.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_IV | Pages 109 - 109
1 Mar 2012
Baker P Khaw M Kirk L Gregg P
Full Access

Introduction

We have carried out a 15 year survival analysis of a prospective, randomised trial comparing cemented with cementless fixation of press-fit condylar primary total knee replacements.

Methods

A consecutive series of 501 PFC knee replacements received either cemented (219 patients, 277 implants) or cementless (177 patients, 224 implants) fixation. No patients were lost to follow up. Revision was defined as further surgery, irrespective of indication, that involved replacement of any of the three originally inserted components (Femur, Tibia, Patella).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 17 - 17
1 Feb 2012
Hanusch B Fordham J Gregg P
Full Access

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to establish whether men and women with a fragility hip fracture were equally investigated and treated for osteoporosis.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out including 91 patients (48 females, 43 males) who were admitted with a fragility hip fracture between March 2003 and April 2004. Data about age, sex, investigations and medication were collected from the case notes, GP surgeries and the bone densitometry database. Investigations and treatment were compared with current guideline recommendations (SIGN 2003, NICE 2005). Data were analysed using SPSS Version 13.0.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 93-B, Issue SUPP_I | Pages 19 - 19
1 Jan 2011
Bonner T Patterson P Tye M Gregg P
Full Access

This study evaluates the effect of lower limb post-operative mechanical axis on the long term risk of revision surgery following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The study is relevant because many recent clinical trials have evaluated the optimal surgical technique for accurately aligning components in TKA, despite little evidence that alignment may effect the long-term clinical outcome.

The data used in this study was collected prospectively as part of a randomized control trial comparing the long term survival of cemented versus uncemented TKA. The trial included 501 press-fit condylar posterior cruciate ligament-retaining prostheses performed by the senior author (PJG) or under his direct supervision. The post-operative mechanical axis alignment of the lower limb was measured following TKA using standard AP weight-bearing long leg alignment radiographs. A comparison was made between a well-aligned group with a mechanical axis alignment within 3° of neutral; and a poorly-aligned group whose mechanical axis alignment deviated greater than 3° from neutral. Survival analysis used revision surgery, with exchange of any of the three originally inserted components (femoral, tibial, polyethylene insert), as the endpoint.

There was no loss to follow-up in this study. The minimum follow-up of TKAs in this study was 5.8 years. In the population of TKAs that were followed up at 10 years, 6% (17/270) required revision surgery. There was a significant difference in the rate of revision surgery between the well-aligned group 5% (11/227) and the poorly-aligned group 14% (6/43 p< 0.05)

This study shows that post-operative lower limb mechanical axis alignment is an important determinant of the need for revision surgery at 10 years. Surgeons performing TKA should pay particular attention to the placement of the tibial and femoral components, so that a mechanical axis within 3° of neutral is achieved.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 92-B, Issue SUPP_IV | Pages 537 - 537
1 Oct 2010
Hanusch B Gregg P Ions G Ions P O’Connor D Scott A
Full Access

Background: Functional outcome and patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty can be variable. Up to 20% of patients have been reported to not be entirely happy with their knee replacement. Psychological factors, in particular illness perception – a patient’s beliefs about their illness – have been found to predict recovery from a range of conditions. Few studies have examined their impact within the orthopaedic context.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of psychological factors, including illness perception, anxiety and depression, on postoperative recovery and functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods: 100 patients from two centres, who underwent a primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis between 2004 and 2006, took part in this prospective cohort study.

Before surgery patients were asked to complete a psychological questionnaire consisting of Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-r), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Recovery Locus of Control (RLOC). Knee function was assessed preoperatively, at six weeks and one year using Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and range of motion (ROM).

Results: The mean OKS improved significantly at six weeks and further at one year. The mean ROM showed little change in the first six weeks, but was significantly improved at the one-year follow-up.

The psychological factors Consequences, Illness Coherence, Emotional Representation and HADS Anxiety showed a statistically significant correlation with the OKS at six weeks, the factors Consequences and HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression with the OKS at one year. We found no correlation with range of motion at six weeks, but ROM at one year was statistically significantly correlated with the factors Consequences and HADS Depression.

This indicates that patients who believed that their illness had less impact on their personal lives and patients with lower scores on the anxiety and depression scale showed a lower OKS and higher ROM at one year, indicating a better functional outcome.

Hierarchical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographics and baseline scores, the factor consequences explained 7% of the variance in ROM at one year. HADS Anxiety and Depression had a significant impact on OKS and accounted for 13.7% of the variance of OKS at one year.

Discussion: Recovery from TKA surgery can be difficult to predict. This study showed that functional outcome can be significantly influenced by psychological factors. These should be taken into account when considering patients for TKA surgery. Improving patient education, looking at home environment and social network as well as addressing anxiety and depression may help to improve overall outcome after TKA surgery.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 91-B, Issue SUPP_I | Pages 80 - 80
1 Mar 2009
Ibrahim T Rowsell M Rennie W Brown A Taylor G Gregg P
Full Access

We report the 15 year follow-up of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures from a randomised controlled trial of conservative versus operative treatment. Of the initial study, 46 patients (82%) were still alive and 26 patients (57%) agreed to review.

The clinical outcomes were not different between operative versus conservative treatment. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scale: p = 0.11; Foot Function Index (FFI): p = 0.66; and calcaneal fracture score: p = 0.41. The radiological outcomes also were not different between both groups. Böhler’s angle: p = 0.07; height of calcaneum: p = 0.57; and grade of osteoarthritis of the subtalar joint: p = 0.54. There was no correlation between Böhler’s angle and the outcome measures in either group.

The results of this 15 year follow-up of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture randomised controlled trial demonstrate similar findings to those at one year follow-up.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 320 - 320
1 Jul 2008
Muller S Deehan D Holland J Kirk L Outerside S Gregg P McCaskie A
Full Access

We report the results of a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial assessing the radiosterophotogrametric analysis (RSA), clinical and radiological performance of a metal backed and an all-polyethylene tibial cruciate retaining, condylar design, PFC-TKA up to twenty four months.

65 patients were recruited, of which 41 patients were randomised. There were 20 metal backed and 21 all-polyethylene. None were lost to follow-up. There were no significant inter-group demographic differences. We found a significant increase in SF-12 and Oxford knee scores after surgery in both groups. No significant difference was found between the groups in the RSA, SF-12, Oxford Knee score, radiological alignment and range of movement at 6, 12 or 24 months. At 2 years one metal backed implant showed translational migration > 1mm. No all polyethylene implant migrated > 1mm. Further analysis identified possible progressive subsidence of the metal backed implants compared to all-polyethylene implants, although the magnitude of this difference was very small.

We conclude that in the uncomplicated primary total knee arthroplasty, all polyethylene PFC-_ tibial prostheses had equivalent performance to the metal backed counterpart, using RSA as the primary assessment instrument at 24 months. We found no differences between the two designs as assessed by the secondary instruments: SF-12, Oxford knee score, alignment and range of movement at 24 months. Should half of all primary total knee replacements performed in the UK receive an all-polyethylene tibial implant, the estimated annual cost saving would be 21 million pounds per annum.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 359 - 359
1 Jul 2008
Bajwa A Nanda R Green S Gregg P Port A
Full Access

To identify mechanisms of failure in plate and nail fixation in proximal humerus fractures. 5% of the proximal humerus fractures need surgical fixation, which is carried out, principally, by open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and intramedullary nailing. Fixation failure remains a problem. This study answers the mode of failure of these implants regardless of the fracture personality. In-vitro testing of proximal humerus fixation devices was undertaken in 30 simulated osteoporotic bone models. Fracture-line was created at the surgical neck of humerus in all samples and fixed with five fixation devices; three plating and two nailing devices. The samples were subjected to failure under compression and torque. Failure was achieved in all models. Three failure patterns were observed in torque testing:

The two conventional plates Cloverleaf and T-plate behaved similarly, failing due to screw pull-out from both the proximal and distal fragment with a deformed plate.

The PHILOS plate failed by avulsion of a wedge just distal to the fracture site with screws remaining embedded in the bone.

Both the nailing systems, Polaris and European humeral nail, failed by a spiral fracture starting at the distal locking screw. In compression testing the modes of failure were:

The Clover-leaf and T-plate failed by plastic deformation of plate, backing out of the screw in the proximal fragment followed by fracture of the distal fragment.

The PHILOS failed by plastic deformation of plate and fracture of the distal fragment distal to the last locking screws.

In both the nails, the proximal fragment screws failed.

The failure mode is dependent on implant properties as well, independent of the fracture personality. It is important to recognise the potential points of failure (proximal or distal fragment) when making the choice of implant to avoid fixation failure.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 327 - 327
1 Jul 2008
Hanusch BC Patil S Hui A Gregg P
Full Access

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the functional outcome between fixed and mobile bearings in total knee arthroplasty.

120 patients were randomized (computer generated) to receive either a fixed or mobile bearing P.F.C. Sigma total knee replacement. 96 patients were needed to detect a 20° difference in range of motion (ROM) with a significance level of 0.05 and a test power of 0.97. Oxford knee score (OKS) and ROM were assessed independently before and one year after surgery.

Mean ROM and Oxford knee score before and at one year after surgery for both groups are shown as preliminary results for 70 patients (follow-up expected to be completed by March 2006):

There is no statistically significant difference in the mean ROM at one year and in change in ROM between the two groups (p=0.53 and p=0.21 respectively). The findings were similar for Oxford Knee Score at one year and change in Oxford Knee Score (p=0.45 and p=0.82). There was no early aseptic loosening in either group.

The one year results suggest that there is no significant difference in functional outcome measured as ROM and Oxford Knee Score between the two types of bearing. Further follow-up will be carried out to detect any differences in the long term outcome.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 88-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 395 - 395
1 Oct 2006
Nanda R Ahmad M Bajwa A Green S Gregg P Port A
Full Access

Aim: To compare of strength of constructs using the newer and part specific nail systems: Polarus and European Humeral Nail with that using PHILOS and Conventional plate systems in a simulated 2-part fracture of proximal humerus, in an osteoporotic bone model.

Materials and Methods: A Biomechanical laboratory study was undertaken. Third generation composite Humerus model was used, with short e-glass epoxy fibres forming cortex and polyurethane cancellous core. Low-density polyurethane core (1.2gm/cc) was used to simulate an osteoporotic model. Osteotomy at surgical neck of humerus was carried out to create 2-part fracture of proximal humerus. Samples were fixed using one of the implants- the Polarus nail, the European Humeral Nail, PHILOS Plate, Clover Leaf Plate or T-Plate. Following fixation samples were placed in a custom made jig to fix proximal and distal ends without interfering with implants and osteotomy site. All samples were subjected to cyclical torque, torque to failure, cyclical compression and Compression loading to failure.

Results: The two Nail systems that are specifically designed for fixation of proximal humerus fracture provided significantly better fixation in all the test modalities. PHILOS construct shows less plastic deformation in cyclical torque and cyclical compression when compared to the other plates but the 2 nail systems were far superior. Locking screws did not ‘back off’ in any of the experiments involving the Polarus, European Humeral Nail and PHILOS construct, however ordinary screws used with the conventional plates did back off both in ‘torque and compression’ testing.

Conclusions: Polarus and European Humeral Nail constructs provide better stability in torque and compression as compared to PHILOS, which in turn is a more stable construct in comparison to conventional plating devices.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 88-B, Issue SUPP_I | Pages 140 - 140
1 Mar 2006
Nanda R Rangan A Al Maiya M Goodchild L Finn P Gregg P
Full Access

Background: The incidence of proximal humeral fractures is increasing with time. There is continuing debate about the indications for surgical intervention for this relatively common injury. Baseline data on functional outcome is essential in order to study the effect of surgical intervention. Functional outcome scores provide reliable and valid judgments of health status and the benefits of treatment. During our preparation of a study proposal on this topic to the Health Technology Assessment Program recently, we noted the lack of such data on outcome scores in the current literature.

Aim: To assess the functional outcome using the Constant and Oxford scores in patients treated conservatively for proximal humeral fractures.

Methods: We prospectively studied 103 consecutive patients who were treated conservatively for proximal humeral fractures. Patient demographics, fracture type (Neer), hand dominance and comorbidity were recorded. Constant and Oxford shoulder scores were recorded 3 and 12 months post injury.

Results: The average Constant shoulder score for males was significantly higher (better outcome) and the Oxford shoulder score significantly lower (better outcome) as compared to females. The scores were not affected by hand dominance. Although the raw scores tended to be worse with 3 or 4 part fractures the difference in the mean scores between the various Neer fracture types did not reach convential levels of significance.

A trend towards lesser degrees of improvement in the outcome scores was noted with increasing age. The degree of improvement in the outcome scores was not affected by sex, limb dominance or fracture type (Neer’s classification).

Conclusion: This study indicates the average behaviour of the Constant and Oxford scores with conservative treatment of proximal humeral fractures. This data should help with sample size and power calculations when studying interventions for this injury. We hope that this data will provide a baseline to help inform future study designs on proximal humeral fractures.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 86-B, Issue SUPP_IV | Pages 446 - 446
1 Apr 2004
Bajwa A Allami M Finn P Gregg P
Full Access

Aims: To ascertain the efficacy of viscosupplementation with Supartz intra-articular knee injections when used in the absence of a specific protocol for its use.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from a dedicated injection clinic, patient case notes and knee radiographs. Patients received the therapy in the absence of a protocol for its use. Patient’s age, gender, symptoms, walking ability, presence of deformity, medication history, previous injection or surgical intervention, physiotherapy, co-morbidity, date of presentation, delivery of course of supartz injections and indication were recorded. Knee radiographs were analysed using Kellgren and Lawrence grading system. Pain relief and avoidance of surgical intervention (when surgery was an option) were the outcome measures.

Results: 965 intra-articular injections in 193 courses of supartz therapy were given in 143 patients. 45.6% were male and 54.4% were female patients. At presentation, 33.2% patients were able to walk < 1/2 a mile, 35.2% patients 1/2-1 mile and 31.6% > 1 mile. Radiological assessment (using Kellgren and Lawrence grading) showed 2 cases with stage 1 disease, 83(43%) with stage 2, 102(52.3%) with stage 3, and 6 cases with stage 4 disease. The medial compartment was involved in 185 cases (95.9%), the lateral compartment in 44 (22.8 %) and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) was involved in 122 (63.2 %).

Pain relief was obtained in 84/193 cases (43.5%). In 122 cases where the aim was to avoid surgery, this was achieved in 52 cases (42.6%). Success rate decreased with increasing severity of disease (Fisher’s Exact test; p< 0.01). Only 25/122 cases with PFJ involvement had pain relief (21%), compared to 59/71 cases without PFJ involvement (83%), (Chi squared test; χ 2(1)=71.57, p< 0.01). Younger age (< 60 years) is a poor prognostic factor (Chi squared test; χ2(1)= 5.86, p=0.02).

Conclusions: Younger patients and those with PFJ involvement and advanced disease are unlikely to benefit from Supartz intra-articular injection. We consider it inappropriate to use this therapy in the absence of a protocol for its use.