Aim. Arthroscopic interventions have revolutionized the treatment of joint pathologies. The appropriate diagnostics and treatment are required for infections after ligament reconstructions using non-resorbable material such as tendon grafts, anchors, and sutures, prone to biofilm formation. The infection rate is around 1% for knee and shoulder, while up to 4% for Achilles tendon reconstructions. Despite high number of these procedures worldwide, there is limited evidence about the best treatment protocol. Our study aimed to provide a general protocol for the treatment of small implants for soft tissue reconstruction. Method. Between 2019 and 2023, we treated 48 infections of ligament, meniscus, and tendon reconstructions out of 7291 related procedures performed in the same time period. Early infection (<30 days) were treated with an arthroscopic debridement and implant retention (DAIR), except Achilles tendons had open DAIR, while those with delayed or chronic infection (>30 days) were treated with extensive debridement and lavage combined with one-stage exchange (OSE) or implant removal. During surgery, at least 5 microbiological s and samples for histopathology were obtained. The removed material was sonicated. After surgery, all patients were one week on iv. antibiotics, followed by oral antibiofilm antibiotics for 6 weeks including rifampicin and/or a quinolone. All patients were followed for at least 1 year. Failure was defined as the need for additional revision surgery after finished iv. antibiotic treatment. Results. Among 48 patients, 38 were early and 10 were late acute or chronic infections. The incidence of infection for our cohort was 0.7%. We observed 27 infections after ligament reconstruction of the knee, 15 of the shoulder, 5 of the ankle, and 1 infection of the elbow joint. 40 patients were treated with DAIR, 5 with OSE, and 3 with implant removal. We had 11 C. acnes, 10 S. aureus, 6 S. epidermidis, 2 P. aeruginosa, 2 S. lugdunensis, 10 mixed flora, and 3 culture-negative infections. 12 patients received antibiotics before surgery, and all culture-negative infections were related to this subgroup. We observed 2 failures, both in a combination of proximal tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction of the knee joint. The
Aim. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and periprosthetic fracture (PF) are one of the most devastating complications in arthroplasty. Each complication by itself is challenging to solve. Yet, simultaneously, both complications are inconceivably complex to deal with, while the treatment regimen of PJI and PF are contradictory. Chronic PJI most often requires implant removal, while PF requires stability, regularly achieved by stable osteosynthesis. This study aims to (1) analyse the
Aim. Decubitus ulcers are found in approximately 4.7% of hospitalized patients, with a higher prevalence (up to 30%) among those with spinal cord injuries. These ulcers are often associated with hip septic arthritis and/or osteomyelitis involving the femur. Girdlestone resection arthroplasty is a surgical technique used to remove affected proximal femur and acetabular tissues, resulting in a substantial defect. The vastus lateralis flap has been employed as an effective option for managing this dead space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of this procedure in a consecutive series of patients. Method. A retrospective single-center study was conducted from October 2012 to December 2022, involving 7 patients with spinal cord injuries affected by chronic severe septic hip arthritis and/or femoral head septic necrosis as a consequence of decubitus ulcers over trochanter area. All patients underwent treatment using a multidisciplinary approach by the same surgical team (orthopedic and plastic surgeons) along with infectious disease specialists. The treatment consisted of a one-stage procedure combining Girdlestone resection arthroplasty with unilateral vastus lateralis flap reconstruction, alongside targeted antibiotic therapy. Complications and postoperative outcomes were assessed and recorded. The mean follow-up period was 8 years (range 2-12). Results. Of the 7 patients, 5 were male and 2 were female, with a mean age of 50.3 years at the time of surgery. Minor wound dehiscence occurred in 28.6% of the flap sites, and 2 patients required additional revisional procedures—one for hematoma and the other for bleeding. There were no instances of flap failure, and complete wound healing was achieved in an average of 32 days (range 20-41), with the ability to load over the hip area. No cases of infection recurrence or relapse were observed. Conclusions. An aggressive surgical approach is strongly recommended for managing chronic hip septic arthritis or proximal femur osteomyelitis in patients with spinal cord injuries. A single-stage procedure combining Girdlestone resection arthroplasty with immediate vastus lateralis muscle flap reconstruction proves to be an effective strategy for dead space management and localized antibiotic delivery through the vastus muscle, giving reliable soft tissue coverage around the proximal femur to avoid the recurrence of pressure ulcers. The implementation of a standardized multidisciplinary protocol contributes significantly to the
Aim. Bone infections often manifest with soft tissue complications such as severe scarring, fistulas, or ulcerations. Ideally, their management involves thorough debridement of infected bone and associated soft tissues, along with achieving stable bone structure, substantial tissue coverage, and long-term antibiotic therapy. The formation of a multidisciplinary team comprising orthopedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and infectious disease specialists is essential in addressing the most complex cases. Method. We conducted a retrospective study during six years (2018-2023) at our university center. Focusing on the most challenging cases, we included patients with bone infections in the leg and/or foot requiring free flap reconstruction. Each patient underwent simultaneous bone debridement and reconstruction by the orthopedic team, alongside soft tissue debridement and free flap reconstruction by the plastic surgery team. Targeted antibiotic therapy for either 6 weeks (acute) or 12 weeks (chronic osteitis) was initiated based on intraoperative cultures. Additional procedures such as allografts, arthrodesis, or autografts were performed if necessary. We analyzed the rates of bone union, infection resolution, and limb preservation. Results. Forty-five patients were enrolled. Twenty-four patients (53.3%) had urgent indications (e.g., open infected fractures, osteitis, acute osteoarthritis, or wound dehiscence), while 21 (46.7%) underwent elective surgery (e.g., septic pseudarthrosis or chronic osteitis). Two patients underwent amputation due to flap failure (4.4%), and one patient was lost to follow-up. Follow-up of the remaining 42 patients averaged 28 months (range: 6–60 months). During this period, 35 patients (83.4%) experienced no recurrence of infection. Similarly, 35 patients (83.4%) achieved bone union. Overall, the rate of lower limb preservation was 93.3%. Conclusions. Managing bone infection coupled with soft tissue defects brings significant challenges. Although the majority of patients treated here belong to a complex framework based on the BACH classification, the outcomes achieved here appear to align with those of the simpler cases, thanks to optimal care with a dedicated septic ortho-plastic team. Our study demonstrates a notable
Aim. Predicting
Aim. Rifampicin and fluoroquinolone based therapy is generally considered as first-choice targeted oral antimicrobial therapy for staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections (PJI) treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR). Alternative equally effective antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed due to toxicity and drug-drug interactions that frequently occur with this strategy. Data from recent clinical studies suggests equipoise for other antimicrobial treatment regimens. The objective of the Rifampicin Combination Therapy versus Targeted Antimicrobial Monotherapy in the Oral Antimicrobial Treatment Phase of Staphylococcal Prosthetic Joint Infection (RiCOTTA)-trial is to evaluate whether monotherapy with clindamycin is non-inferior to rifampicin/fluoroquinolone combination therapy in patients with staphylococcal PJI that are treated with DAIR. Method. The RiCOTTA-trial is a multicenter, non-inferiority, open-label, randomized controlled trial evaluating clindamycin versus rifampicin/fluoroquinolone combination therapy in the oral treatment phase in patients with staphylococcal PJI managed with DAIR. The trial is performed in 16 hospitals in the Netherlands. Eligible patients are adults with staphylococcal knee or hip PJI managed by DAIR. Patients are included one to six days before antibiotic treatment is switched from intravenous to oral therapy. Patients with a contraindication for rifampicin, with a megaprosthesis or who receive intravenous antibiotics for more than three weeks after initial debridement are excluded. Primary outcome is treatment
Aim. dalbavancin, a lipo-glycopeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), allows extended dosing interval due to its peculiar pharmacokinetics. Despite being registered for treatment of acute skin infections, off-label use has shown promise in various settings, particularly in osteo-articular infections. This study aims to assess dalbavancin's pharmacological efficacy and its safety and clinical
Aim. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication that develops after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) whose incidence is expected to increase over the years. Traditionally, surgical treatment of PJI has been based on algorithms, where early infections are preferably treated with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR), while late infections with two-stage revision surgery. Two-stage revision is considered the “gold standard” for treatment of chronic PJI. In this observational retrospective study, we investigated the potential role of inflammatory blood markers (neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index (SII)], systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI)) as prognostic factors in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for PJI. Method. A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted, collecting clinical data and laboratory parameters from patients submitted to prosthetic explantation for chronic PJI. Laboratory parameters (PCR, NLR, MLR, PLR, SIRI, SII and AISI) were evaluated at the explantation time, at 4, 6, 8 weeks after surgery and at reimplantation time. Correlation between laboratory parameters and surgery
Introduction. Epiphysiodesis, defined as the process of closing the growth plate (physis), have been used for several years as a treatment option of cases where the predicted leg-length discrepancy (LLD) falls between 2 to 5 cm. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the effectiveness of three different epiphysiodesis techniques with implant usage for the treatment of leg-length discrepancy in the pediatric population. The secondary aim was to address the reported complications of staples, tension-band plates (TBP) and percutaneous epiphysiodesis screws (PETS). Method. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus for studies on skeletally immature patients with LLD treated with epiphysiodesis with an implant. The extracted outcome categories were effectiveness of epiphysiodesis (LLD measurements pre/post-operatively, successful/unsuccessful) and complications that were graded on severity. Result. Forty-four studies (2184 patients) were included, from whom 578 underwent TBP, 455 PETS and 1048 staples. From pooled analysis of the studies reporting
Distal femoral osteotomies (DFOs) are commonly used for the correction of valgus deformities and lateral compartment osteoarthritis. However, the impact of a DFO on subsequent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) function remains a subject of debate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a unilateral DFO on subsequent TKA function in patients with bilateral TKAs, using the contralateral knee as a self-matched control group. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients who underwent simultaneous or staged bilateral TKA after prior unilateral DFO between 1972 and 2023. The type of osteotomy performed, osteotomy hardware fixation, implanted TKA components, and revision rates were recorded. Postoperative outcomes including the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), Tegner Activity Scale score, and subjective knee preference were also obtained at final follow-up.Aims
Methods
Lower limb fractures are common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and represent a significant burden to the existing orthopaedic surgical infrastructure. In high income country (HIC) settings, internal fixation is the standard of care due to its superior outcomes. In LMICs, external fixation is often the surgical treatment of choice due to limited supplies, cost considerations, and its perceived lower complication rate. The aim of this systematic review protocol is identifying differences in rates of infection, nonunion, and malunion of extra-articular femoral and tibial shaft fractures in LMICs treated with either internal or external fixation. This systematic review protocol describes a broad search of multiple databases to identify eligible papers. Studies must be published after 2000, include at least five patients, patients must be aged > 16 years or treated as skeletally mature, and the paper must describe a fracture of interest and at least one of our primary outcomes of interest. We did not place restrictions on language or journal. All abstracts and full texts will be screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias and quality of evidence will be analyzed using standardized appraisal tools. A random-effects meta-analysis followed by a subgroup analysis will be performed, given the anticipated heterogeneity among studies, if sufficient data are available.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) following isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with those following ACLR and concomitant meniscal resection or repair. We reviewed prospectively collected data from the UK National Ligament Registry for patients who underwent primary ACLR between January 2013 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into five groups: isolated ACLR, ACLR with medial meniscus (MM) repair, ACLR with MM resection, ACLR with lateral meniscus (LM) repair, and ACLR with LM resection. Linear regression analysis, with isolated ACLR as the reference, was performed after adjusting for confounders.Aims
Methods
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) has traditionally been a difficult condition to treat, with high complication rates, including nonunion, refractures, malalignment, and leg length discrepancy. Surgical approaches to treatment of CPT include intramedullary rodding, external fixation, combined intramedullary rodding and external fixation, vascularized fibular graft, and most recently cross-union. The current study aims to compare the outcomes and complication rates of cross-union versus other surgical approaches as an index surgery for the management of CPT. Our hypothesis was that a good index surgery for CPT achieves union and minimizes complications such as refractures and limb length discrepancy. A multicentre study was conducted involving two institutions in Singapore and China. All patients with CPT who were surgically managed between January 2009 and December 2021 were included. The patients were divided based on their index surgery. Group 1 included patients who underwent excision of hamartoma, cross-union of the tibia and fibula, autogenic iliac bone grafting, and internal fixation for their index surgery. Group 2 included patients who underwent all other surgical procedures for their index surgery, including excision of hamartoma, intramedullary rodding, and/or external fixation, without cross-union of the tibia and fibula. Comparisons of the rates of union, refracture, limb length discrepancy, reoperations, and other complications were performed between the two groups.Aims
Methods
Aims. Day-case
Understanding spinopelvic mechanics is important for the
Periprosthetic joint infection represents a devastating complication after total elbow arthroplasty. Several measures can be implemented before, during, and after surgery to decrease infection rates, which exceed 5%. Debridement with antibiotics and implant retention has been reported to be successful in less than one-third of acute infections, but still plays a role. For elbows with well-fixed implants, staged retention seems to be equally successful as the more commonly performed two-stage reimplantation, both with a
The evidence base within trauma and orthopaedics has traditionally favoured quantitative research methodologies. Qualitative research can provide unique insights which illuminate patient experiences and perceptions of care. Qualitative methods reveal the subjective narratives of patients that are not captured by quantitative data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of patient-centred care. The aim of this study is to quantify the level of qualitative research within the orthopaedic literature. A bibliometric search of journals’ online archives and multiple databases was undertaken in March 2024, to identify articles using qualitative research methods in the top 12 trauma and orthopaedic journals based on the 2023 impact factor and SCImago rating. The bibliometric search was conducted and reported in accordance with the preliminary guideline for reporting bibliometric reviews of the biomedical literature (BIBLIO).Aims
Methods
The aims were to assess whether joint-specific outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was influenced by implant design over a 12-year follow-up period, and whether patient-related factors were associated with loss to follow-up and mortality risk. Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial was undertaken. A total of 212 patients were allocated a Triathlon or a Kinemax TKA. Patients were assessed preoperatively, and one, three, eight, and 12 years postoperatively using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Reasons for patient lost to follow-up, mortality, and revision were recorded.Aims
Methods
The primary aim of this study is to quantify and compare outcomes following a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius in elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) who are managed conservatively versus with surgical fixation (open reduction and internal fixation). Secondary aims are to assess and compare upper limb-specific function, health-related quality of life, wrist pain, complications, grip strength, range of motion, radiological parameters, healthcare resource use, and cost-effectiveness between the groups. A prospectively registered (ISRCTN95922938) randomized parallel group trial will be conducted. Elderly patients meeting the inclusion criteria with a dorsally displaced distal radius facture will be randomized (1:1 ratio) to either conservative management (cast without further manipulation) or surgery. Patients will be assessed at six, 12, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks post intervention. The primary outcome measure and endpoint will be the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) at 52 weeks. In addition, the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, pain score (visual analogue scale 1 to 10), complications, grip strength (dynamometer), range of motion (goniometer), and radiological assessments will be undertaken. A cost-utility analysis will be performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgery. We aim to recruit 89 subjects per arm (total sample size 178).Aims
Methods
Surgical limb sparing for knee-bearing paediatric bone sarcoma is considered to have a clinically significant influence on postoperative function due to complications and leg-length discrepancies. However, researchers have not fully evaluated the long-term postoperative functional outcomes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the risk factors and long-term functional prognosis associated with paediatric limb-sparing surgery. We reviewed 40 patients aged under 14 years who underwent limb-sparing surgery for knee bone sarcoma (15 cases in the proximal tibia and 25 in the distal femur) between January 2000 and December 2013, and were followed up for a minimum of five years. A total of 35 patients underwent reconstruction using artificial materials, and five underwent biological reconstruction. We evaluated the patients’ postoperative complications, survival rate of reconstruction material, and limb, limb function, and leg-length discrepancy at the final follow-up, as well as the risk factors for each.Aims
Methods