Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) represent a collection of different cell types exhibiting stem cell characteristics but with notable heterogeneity. Among these, Skeletal Stem Cells (SSCs) represent a distinct matrix subgroup within BMSC and demonstrate a specialized capacity to facilitate bone formation, recruit chondrocytes, and contribute to hematopoiesis. SSCs play a pivotal role in orchestrating the functions of skeletal organs. Local ischemia has a significant impact on cell survival and function. We hypothesize that bone ischemia induces alterations in the differentiation potential of SSCs, consequently influencing changes in bone structure. We mechanically dissected tissue from the necrotic segment in the femoral head and more normal appearing areas from the femoral neck of specimens from 5 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). These tissues were enzymatically broken down into individual cell suspensions. Utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on specific surface markers indicative of human skeletal stem cells (hSSC), namely CD45- CD235a- CD31- TIE2- Podoplanin (PDPN)+ CD146- CD73+ CD164+, we isolated a distinct cell population. Subsequent in vitro evaluations, focusing on clonogenicity, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis were conducted to assess the functional prowess of these SSCs. Moreover, we introduced BMP2 at a concentration of 50ng/ml to SSCs extracted from necrotic regions to potentially reinstate their osteogenic capabilities. We effectively isolated SSCs from both Necrotic and Non-necrotic Zones. We observed an augmented clonal formation capacity and chondrogenesis ability of SSCs isolated from the necrotic region, accompanied by a significant decline in osteogenic ability ( Ischemia adversely affects the proliferation and function of SSCs, resulting in a diminished osteogenic capacity and an insensitivity to BMP2, ultimately leading to structural alterations in bone tissue.
In this study, we aimed to visualize the spatial distribution characteristics of femoral head necrosis using a novel measurement method. We retrospectively collected CT imaging data of 108 hips with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head from 76 consecutive patients (mean age 34.3 years (SD 8.1), 56.58% male (n = 43)) in two clinical centres. The femoral head was divided into 288 standard units (based on the orientation of units within the femoral head, designated as N[Superior], S[Inferior], E[Anterior], and W[Posterior]) using a new measurement system called the longitude and latitude division system (LLDS). A computer-aided design (CAD) measurement tool was also developed to visualize the measurement of the spatial location of necrotic lesions in CT images. Two orthopaedic surgeons independently performed measurements, and the results were used to draw 2D and 3D heat maps of spatial distribution of necrotic lesions in the femoral head, and for statistical analysis.Aims
Methods
The localization of necrotic areas has been reported to impact the prognosis and treatment strategy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Anteroposterior localization of the necrotic area after a femoral neck fracture (FNF) has not been properly investigated. We hypothesize that the change of the weight loading direction on the femoral head due to residual posterior tilt caused by malunited FNF may affect the location of ONFH. We investigate the relationship between the posterior tilt angle (PTA) and anteroposterior localization of osteonecrosis using lateral hip radiographs. Patients aged younger than 55 years diagnosed with ONFH after FNF were retrospectively reviewed. Overall, 65 hips (38 males and 27 females; mean age 32.6 years (SD 12.2)) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with stage 1 or 4 ONFH, as per the Association Research Circulation Osseous classification, were excluded. The ratios of anterior and posterior viable areas and necrotic areas of the femoral head to the articular surface were calculated by setting the femoral head centre as the reference point. The PTA was measured using Palm’s method. The association between the PTA and viable or necrotic areas of the femoral head was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis (median PTA 6.0° (interquartile range 3 to 11.5)).Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate whether anterior pelvic plane-pelvic tilt (APP-PT) is associated with distinct hip pathomorphologies. We asked: is there a difference in APP-PT between young symptomatic patients being evaluated for joint preservation surgery and an asymptomatic control group? Does APP-PT vary among distinct acetabular and femoral pathomorphologies? And does APP-PT differ in symptomatic hips based on demographic factors? This was an institutional review board-approved, single-centre, retrospective, case-control, comparative study, which included 388 symptomatic hips in 357 patients who presented to our tertiary centre for joint preservation between January 2011 and December 2015. Their mean age was 26 years (SD 2; 23 to 29) and 50% were female. They were allocated to 12 different morphological subgroups. The study group was compared with a control group of 20 asymptomatic hips in 20 patients. APP-PT was assessed in all patients based on supine anteroposterior pelvic radiographs using validated HipRecon software. Values in the two groups were compared using an independent-samples Aims
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The aim of this study was to produce clinical consensus recommendations about the non-surgical treatment of children with Perthes’ disease. The recommendations are intended to support clinical practice in a condition for which there is no robust evidence to guide optimal care. A two-round, modified Delphi study was conducted online. An advisory group of children’s orthopaedic specialists consisting of physiotherapists, surgeons, and clinical nurse specialists designed a survey. In the first round, participants also had the opportunity to suggest new statements. The survey included statements related to ‘Exercises’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Education/information sharing’, ‘Input from other services’, and ‘Monitoring assessments’. The survey was shared with clinicians who regularly treat children with Perthes’ disease in the UK using clinically relevant specialist groups and social media. A predetermined threshold of ≥ 75% for consensus was used for recommendation, with a threshold of between 70% and 75% being considered as ‘points to consider’.Aims
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The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of early periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) associated with Charnley-Kerboull (CK) femoral components cemented according to the ‘French paradox’ principles through the Hueter anterior approach (HAA) in patients older than 70 years. From a prospectively collected database, all short CK femoral components implanted consecutively from January 2018 to May 2022 through the HAA in patients older than 70 years were included. Exclusion criteria were age below 70 years, use of cementless femoral component, and approaches other than the HAA. A total of 416 short CK prostheses used by 25 surgeons with various levels of experience were included. All patients had a minimum of one-year follow-up, with a mean of 2.6 years (SD 1.1). The mean age was 77.4 years (70 to 95) and the mean BMI was 25.3 kg/m2 (18.4 to 43). Femoral anatomy was classified according to Dorr. The measured parameters included canal flare index, morphological cortical index, canal-calcar ratio, ilium-ischial ratio, and anterior superior iliac spine to greater trochanter (GT) distance.Aims
Methods
The pathophysiological basis of alterations in trabecular bone of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains unclear. ONFH has classically been considered a vascular disease with secondary changes in the subchondral bone. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that ONFH could be a bone disease, since alterations in the functionality of bone tissue distant from the necrotic lesion have been observed. We comparatively studied the transcriptomic profile of trabecular bone obtained from the intertrochanteric region of patients with ONFH without an obvious aetiological factor, and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total hip replacement in our Institution. To explore the biological processes that could be affected by ONFH, we compared the transcriptomic profile of trabecular bone from the intertrochanteric region and the femoral head of patients affected by this condition. Differential gene expression was studied using an Affymetrix microarray platform. Transcriptome analysis showed a differential signature in trabecular bone from the intertrochanteric region between patients with ONFH and those with OA. The gene ontology analyses of the genes overexpressed in bone tissue of patients with ONFH revealed a range of enriched biological processes related to cell adhesion and migration and angiogenesis. In contrast, most downregulated transcripts were involved in cell division. Trabecular bone in the intertrochanteric region and in the femoral head also exhibited a differential expression profile. Among the genes differentially expressed, we highlighted those related with cytokine production and immune response. This study identified a set of differently expressed genes in trabecular bone of patients with idiopathic ONFH, which might underlie the pathophysiology of this condition.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcome in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head ONFH) are excellent, however, there is controversy when compared with those in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Reduced mineralization capacity of osteoblasts of the proximal femur in patients with ONFH could affect implant fixation. We asked if THA fixation in patients with ONFH is worse than in those with OA. We carried out a prospective comparative case (OA)-control (ONFH) study of patients undergoing THA at our hospital between 2017 and 2019. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Inclusion criteria were patients with uncemented THA, younger than 70 years old, a Dorr femoral type C and idiopathic ONFH. We compared the clinical (Merlé D'Aubigné-Postel score) and radiological results related with implant positioning and fixation. Engh criteria and subsidence were assessed at the immediate postoperative, 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months and yearly. Osteoblastic activity was determined by mineralization assay on primary cultures of osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone samples collected from the intertrochanteric area obtained during surgery. Group 1 (ONFH) included 18 patients and group 2 (OA), 22. Average age was 55.9 years old in group 1 and 61.3 in group 2. (p=0.08). There were no differences related with sex, Dorr femoral type or femoral filling. The mean clinical outcome score was 17.1 in group 1 and 16.5 in group 2 (p=0.03). There were no cases of dislocation, infection, or revision surgery in this series. There were 5 cases (28%) of femoral stem subsidence greater than 3mm within 6 first months in group 1 and 1 case (4.5%) in group 2 (p=0.05). Although there were no significant differences related to clinical results, bone fixation was slower, and a greater subsidence was observed in patients with ONFH. Greater femoral stem subsidence was associated with a lower capacity for mineral nodule formation in cultured osteoblasts. The surgical technique could influence THA outcome in patients with reduced mineralization capacity of osteoblasts.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a patient-specific algorithm which we developed for predicting changes in sagittal pelvic tilt after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study included 143 patients who underwent 171 THAs between April 2019 and October 2020 and had full-body lateral radiographs preoperatively and at one year postoperatively. We measured the pelvic incidence (PI), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt, sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracic kyphosis to classify patients into types A, B1, B2, B3, and C. The change of pelvic tilt was predicted according to the normal range of SVA (0 mm to 50 mm) for types A, B1, B2, and B3, and based on the absolute value of one-third of the PI-LL mismatch for type C patients. The reliability of the classification of the patients and the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt were assessed using kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively. Validity was assessed using the overall mean error and mean absolute error (MAE) for the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt.Aims
Methods
We aimed to assess the cumulative risk of total hip arthroplasty (THA) from in situ fixation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) after a follow-up of almost 50 years. In this study, 138 patients with 172 affected hips treated with in situ fixation were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 97 patients (70%) were male and the mean age was 13.6 years (SD 2.1); 35 patients (25%) had a bilateral disease. The median follow-up time was 49 years (interquartile range 43 to 55). Basic demographic, stability, and surgical details were obtained from patient records. Preoperative radiographs (slip angle; SA) were measured, and data on THA was gathered from the Finnish National Arthroplasty Register.Aims
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Accurate skeletal age and final adult height prediction methods in paediatric orthopaedics are crucial for determining optimal timing of growth-guiding interventions and minimizing complications in treatments of various conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of final adult height predictions using the central peak height (CPH) method with long leg X-rays and four different multiplier tables. This study included 31 patients who underwent temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for varus or valgus deformity of the leg between 2014 and 2020. The skeletal age at surgical intervention was evaluated using the CPH method with long leg radiographs. The true final adult height (FHTRUE) was determined when the growth plates were closed. The final height prediction accuracy of four different multiplier tables (1. Bayley and Pinneau; 2. Paley et al; 3. Sanders – Greulich and Pyle (SGP); and 4. Sanders – peak height velocity (PHV)) was then compared using either skeletal age or chronological age.Aims
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Aims. Perthes’ disease is an idiopathic
Hyaline cartilage has a low capacity for regeneration. Untreated osteochondral lesions of the femoral head can lead to progressive and symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiological long-term outcome of patients treated with osteochondral autograft transfer. To our knowledge, this study represents a series of osteochondral autograft transfer of the hip with the longest follow-up. We retrospectively evaluated 11 hips in 11 patients who underwent osteochondral autograft transfer in our institution between 1996 and 2012. The mean age at the time of surgery was 28.6 years (8 to 45). Outcome measurement included standardized scores and conventional radiographs. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to determine the failure of the procedures, with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) defined as the endpoint.Aims
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Contemporary outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners in patients with inflammatory arthritis have not been well studied. This study examined the implant survivorship, complications, radiological results, and clinical outcomes of THA in patients with inflammatory arthritis. We identified 418 hips (350 patients) with a primary diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis who underwent primary THA with HXLPE liners from January 2000 to December 2017. Of these hips, 68% had rheumatoid arthritis (n = 286), 13% ankylosing spondylitis (n = 53), 7% juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n = 29), 6% psoriatic arthritis (n = 24), 5% systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 23), and 1% scleroderma (n = 3). Mean age was 58 years (SD 14.8), 66.3% were female (n = 277), and mean BMI was 29 kg/m2 (SD 7). Uncemented femoral components were used in 77% of cases (n = 320). Uncemented acetabular components were used in all patients. Competing risk analysis was used accounting for death. Mean follow-up was 4.5 years (2 to 18).Aims
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The aims of the study were to report for a cohort aged younger than 40 years: 1) indications for HRA; 2) patient-reported outcomes in terms of the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS); 3) dislocation rate; and 4) revision rate. This retrospective analysis identified 267 hips from 224 patients who underwent an hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) from a single fellowship-trained surgeon using the direct lateral approach between 2007 and 2019. Inclusion criteria was minimum two-year follow-up, and age younger than 40 years. Patients were followed using a prospectively maintained institutional database.Aims
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The December 2022 Trauma Roundup360 looks at: Anterior approach for acetabular fractures using anatomical plates; Masquelet–Ilizarov for the management of bone loss post debridement of infected tibial nonunion; Total hip arthroplasty – better results after low-energy displaced femoral neck fracture in young patients; Unreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trial; The Open-Fracture Patient Evaluation Nationwide (OPEN) study: the management of open fracture care in the UK; Cost-utility analysis of cemented hemiarthroplasty versus hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented hemiarthroplasty; Unstable ankle fractures: fibular nail fixation compared to open reduction and internal fixation; Long-term outcomes of randomized clinical trials: wrist and calcaneus; ‘HeFT’y follow-up of the UK Heel Fracture Trial.
Osteoporosis is common in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. It plays a substantial factor in the surgery’s outcome, and previous studies have revealed that pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis influences implant survival rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of and treatment rates for osteoporosis prior to THA, and to explore differences in osteoporosis-related biomarkers between patients treated and untreated for osteoporosis. This single-centre retrospective study included 398 hip joints of patients who underwent THA. Using medical records, we examined preoperative bone mineral density measures of the hip and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and the medications used to treat osteoporosis at the time of admission. We also assessed the following osteoporosis-related biomarkers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b); total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (total P1NP); intact parathyroid hormone; and homocysteine.Aims
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A significant reduction in wear at five and ten years was previously reported when comparing Durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene with nitrogen-sterilized Sulene polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated whether the improvement observed at the earlier follow-up continued, resulting in decreased osteolysis and revision surgery rates over the second decade. Between January 1999 and December 2001, 90 patients underwent surgery using the same acetabular and femoral components with a 28 mm metallic femoral head and either a Durasul or Sulene liner. A total of 66 hips of this prospective randomized study were available for a minimum follow-up of 20 years. The linear femoral head penetration rate was measured at six weeks, one year, and annually thereafter, using the Dorr method on digitized radiographs with a software package.Aims
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