Introduction. Polyacrylamide hydrogel (iPAAG. 1. ), is CE marked for treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), meeting the need for an effective, long-lasting, and safe non-surgical option. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a single 6 ml intra-articular injection of iPAAG in participants with moderate to severe knee OA over a 5-year post-treatment period, presenting data from the 4-year follow up. Method. This prospective multicentre study (3 sites in Denmark) involved 49 participants (31 females) with an average age of 70 (range 44 – 86 years). They received a single 6 mL iPAAG injection. All participants provided informed consent and re-consented to continue after 1 year. The study followed GCP principles and was approved by Danish health authorities and local Health Research Ethics committees. Twenty-seven participants completed the 4-year follow-up. The study evaluated WOMAC pain, stiffness, function, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA) of disease impact. Changes from baseline were analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurement (MMRM). Sensitivity analyses were applied on the extension data, where the MMRM analysis was repeated only including patients in the extension phase and an ANCOVA model was used, replacing missing values at 4-years with baseline values (BOCF). Results. The planned MMRM analysis (n=49) revealed a statistically significant decrease in WOMAC pain subscale scores (-22.0; 95%CI: -29.5; -14.4) from baseline to 4-years. Analysis of the extension phase (n=27) showed similar results (-21.8; 95%CI: -29.0; -14.6) compared to the initial analysis. Furthermore, BOCF analysis indicated a statistically significant reduction in WOMAC pain subscale scores from baseline (-13.0 units). Four new adverse events were reported between the 3-year and 4-year visits; none were related to treatment. Conclusions. This study shows that single injections of 6 ml intra-articular iPAAG were well tolerated and continued to provide clinically important effectiveness at 4-years after treatment. Acknowledgements. The study was sponsored by Contura International A/S

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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the level of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) in frail patients undergoing surgery for adult spine deformity (ASD).

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Closed suction subfascial drainage is widely used after instrumented posterior spinal fusion in patients with a spinal deformity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this wound drainage on the outcomes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This was a further analysis of a randomized, multicentre clinical trial reporting on patients after posterior spinal fusion using segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. In this study the incidence of deep surgical site infection (SSI) and chronic postoperative pain at two years’ follow-up are reported.

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Rotator cuff disease (RCD) can considerably decrease quality of life. Here, we investigated whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) influences the need for surgery in patients with RCD.

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Ankle fracture is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries sustained in the UK. Many patients experience pain and physical impairment, with the consequences of the fracture and its management lasting for several months or even years. The broad aim of ankle fracture treatment is to maintain the alignment of the joint while the fracture heals, and to reduce the risks of problems, such as stiffness. More severe injuries to the ankle are routinely treated surgically. However, even with advances in surgery, there remains a risk of complications; for patients experiencing these, the associated loss of function and quality of life (Qol) is considerable. Non-surgical treatment is an alternative to surgery and involves applying a cast carefully shaped to the patient’s ankle to correct and maintain alignment of the joint with the key benefit being a reduction in the frequency of common complications of surgery. The main potential risk of non-surgical treatment is a loss of alignment with a consequent reduction in ankle function. This study aims to determine whether ankle function, four months after treatment, in patients with unstable ankle fractures treated with close contact casting is not worse than in those treated with surgical intervention, which is the current standard of care.

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The management of fractures of the medial epicondyle is one of the greatest controversies in paediatric fracture care, with uncertainty concerning the need for surgery. The British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery prioritized this as their most important research question in paediatric trauma. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled, multicentre, prospective superiority trial of operative fixation versus nonoperative treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures: the Surgery or Cast of the EpicoNdyle in Children’s Elbows (SCIENCE) trial.

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Arthroscopic microfracture is a conventional form of treatment for patients with osteochondritis of the talus, involving an area of < 1.5 cm². However, some patients have persistent pain and limitation of movement in the early postoperative period. No studies have investigated the combined treatment of microfracture and shortwave treatment in these patients. The aim of this prospective single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to compare the outcome in patients treated with arthroscopic microfracture combined with radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) and arthroscopic microfracture alone, in patients with ostechondritis of the talus.

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This study aimed to establish the optimal fixation methods for calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures with different fragment thicknesses in a porcine model.

Orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) preclinical models are widely used in translational research. Most models require induction of general anesthesia, which frequently results in hypothermia in rodents. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of peri anesthetic hypothermia in rodents on outcomes in preclinical orthopedic device-related infection studies. A retrospective analysis of all rodents that underwent surgery under general anesthesia to induce an ODRI model with inoculation of Staphylococcus epidermidis between 2016 and 2020 was conducted. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance was used to determine the fixed effect of peri anesthetic hypothermia (hypothermic defined as rectal temperature <35°C) on the combined harvested tissue and implant colonies forming unit counts, and having controlled for the study groups including treatments received duration of surgery and anesthesia and study period. All animal experiments were approved by relevant ethical committee. A total of 127 rodents (102 rats and 25 mice) were enrolled in an ODRI and met the inclusion criteria. The mean lowest peri-anesthetic temperature was 35.3 ± 1.5 °C. The overall incidence of peri-anesthetic hypothermia was 41% and was less frequently reported in rats (34% in rats versus 68% in mice). Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of peri anesthetic hypothermia on the post-mortem combined colonies forming unit counts from the harvested tissue and implant(s) (p=0.01) when comparing normo- versus hypothermic rodents. Using Wilks’ Λ as a criterion to determine the contribution of independent variables to the model, peri-anesthetic hypothermia was the most significant, though still a weak predictor, of increased harvested colonies forming unit counts. Altogether, the data corroborate the concept that bacterial colonization is affected by abnormal body temperature during general anesthesia at the time of bacterial inoculation in rodents, which needs to be taken into consideration to decrease infection data variability and improve experimental reproducibility

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Spinopelvic characteristics influence the hip’s biomechanical behaviour. However, to date there is little knowledge defining what ‘normal’ spinopelvic characteristics are. This study aims to determine how static spinopelvic characteristics change with age and ethnicity among asymptomatic, healthy individuals.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether early surgical treatment results in better neurological recovery 12 months after injury than late surgical treatment in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI).

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The optimal procedure for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of anterior cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament en bloc resection (ACOE) with posterior laminectomy and fusion with bone graft and internal fixation (PTLF) for the surgical management of patients with this condition.

In multilevel posterior cervical instrumented fusions, extending the fusion across the cervico-thoracic junction at T1 or T2 (CTJ) has been associated with decreased rate of re-operation and pseudarthrosis but with longer surgical time and increased blood loss. The impact on patient reported outcomes (PROs) remains unclear. The primary objective was to determine whether extending the fusion through the CTJ influenced PROs at 3 and 12 months after surgery. Secondary objectives were to compare the number of patients reaching the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for the PROs and mJOA, operative time duration, intra-operative blood loss (IOBL), length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, adverse events (AEs), re-operation within 12 months of the surgery, and patient satisfaction. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a multicenter observational cohort study of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Patients who underwent a posterior instrumented fusion of 4 levels of greater (between C2-T2) between January 2015 and October 2020 with 12 months follow-up were included. PROS (NDI, EQ5D, SF-12 PCS and MCS, NRS arm and neck pain) and mJOA were compared using ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline differences. Patient demographics, comorbidities and surgical details were abstracted. Percentafe of patient reaching MCID for these outcomes was compared using chi-square test. Operative duration, IOBL, AEs, re-operation, discharge disposittion, LOS and satisfaction were compared using chi-square test for categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables. A total of 206 patients were included in this study (105 patients not crossing the CTJ and 101 crossing the CTJ). Patients who underwent a construct extending through the CTJ were more likely to be female and had worse baseline EQ5D and NDI scores (p> 0.05). When adjusted for baseline difference, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the PROs and mJOA at 3 and 12 months. Surgical duration was longer (p 0.05). Satisfaction with the surgery was high in both groups but significantly different at 12 months (80% versus 72%, p= 0.042 for the group not crossing the CTJ and the group crossing the CTJ, respectively). The percentage of patients reaching MCID for the NDI score was 55% in the non-crossing group versus 69% in the group extending through the CTJ (p= 0.06). Up to 12 months after the surgery, there was no statistically significant differences in PROs between posterior construct extended to or not extended to the upper thoracic spine. The adverse event profile did not differ significantly, but longer surgical time and blood loss were associated with construct extending across the CTJ

Pain management in spine surgery can be challenging. Cannabis might be an interesting choice for analgesia while avoiding some side effects of opioids. Recent work has reported on the potential benefits of cannabinoids for multimodal pain control, but very few studies focus on spinal surgery patients. This study aims to examine demographic and health status differences between patients who report the use of (1) cannabis, (2) narcotics, (3) cannabis and narcotics or (4) no cannabis/narcotic use. Retrospective cohort study of thoracolumbar patients enrolled in the CSORN registry after legalization of cannabis in Canada. Variables included: age, sex, modified Oswestry Disability Index (mODI), Numerical Rating Scales (NRS) for leg and back pain, tingling/numbness leg sensation, SF-12 Quality of Life- Mental Health Component (MCS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and general health state. An ANCOVA with pathology as the covariate and post-hoc analysis was run. The majority of the 704 patients enrolled (mean age: 59; female: 46.9%) were non-users (41.8%). More patients reported narcotic-use than cannabis-use (29.7% vs 12.9%) with 13.4% stating concurrent-use. MCS scores were significantly lower for patients with concurrent-use compared to no-use (mean of 39.95 vs 47.98, p=0.001) or cannabis-use (mean=45.66, p=0.043). The narcotic-use cohort had significantly worse MCS scores (mean=41.37, p=0.001) than no-use. Patients reporting no-use and cannabis-use (mean 41.39 vs 42.94) had significantly lower ODI scores than narcotic-use (mean=54.91, p=0.001) and concurrent-use (mean=50.80, p=0.001). Lower NRS-Leg pain was reported in cannabis-use (mean=5.72) compared to narcotic-use (mean=7.19) and concurrent-use (mean=7.03, p=0.001). No-use (mean=6.31) had significantly lower NRS-Leg pain than narcotic-use (p=0.011), and significantly lower NRS-back pain (mean=6.17) than narcotic-use (mean=7.16, p=0.001) and concurrent-use (mean=7.15, p=0.012). Cannabis-use reported significantly lower tingling/numbness leg scores (mean=4.85) than no-use (mean=6.14, p=0.022), narcotic-use (mean=6.67, p=0.001) and concurrent-use (mean=6.50, p=0.01). PHQ-9 scores were significantly lower for the no-use (mean=6.99) and cannabis-use (mean=8.10) than narcotic-use (mean=10.65) and concurrent-use (mean=11.93) cohorts. Narcotic-use reported a significantly lower rating of their overall health state (mean=50.03) than cannabis-use (mean=60.50, p=0.011) and no-use (mean=61.89, p=0.001). Patients with pre-operative narcotic-use or concurrent use of narcotics and cannabis experienced higher levels of disability, pain and depressive symptoms and worse mental health functioning compared to patients with no cannabis/narcotic use and cannabis only use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and largest study to examine the use of cannabis amongst Canadian patients with spinal pathology. This observational study lays the groundwork to better understand the potential benefits of adding cannabinoids to control pain in patients waiting for spine surgery. This will allow to refine recommendations about cannabis use for these patients

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Studies of infant hip development to date have been limited by considering only the changes in appearance of a single ultrasound slice (Graf’s standard plane). We used 3D ultrasound (3DUS) to establish maturation curves of normal infant hip development, quantifying variation by age, sex, side, and anteroposterior location in the hip.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether, after correction of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), leaving out the subfascial drain gives results that are no worse than using a drain in terms of total blood loss, drop in haemoglobin level, and opioid consumption.

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The aim of the HIPGEN consortium is to develop the first cell therapy product for hip fracture patients using PLacental-eXpanded (PLX-PAD) stromal cells.

Aims. This study aims to answer the following questions in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA): are patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) affected by the location of the maximum severity of pain?; are PROMs affected by the presence of non-groin pain?; are PROMs affected by the severity of pain?; and are PROMs affected by the number of pain locations?. Methods. We reviewed 336 hips (305 patients) treated with THA for hip OA from December 2016 to November 2019 using pain location/severity questionnaires, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) score, and radiological analysis. Descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and Spearman partial correlation coefficients were used. Results. There was a significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between groups experiencing the most severe pain in the groin and the trochanter (p = 0.039). Additionally, more favourable mHHS scores were related to the presence of preoperative pain in trochanter (p = 0.049), lower back (p = 0.056), lateral thigh (p = 0.034), and posterior thigh (p = 0.005). Finally, the maximum severity of preoperative pain and number of pain locations had no significant relationship with PROMs (maximum severity: HHS: p = 0.928, HOS: p = 0.163, iHOT-12 p = 0.233; number of pain locations: HHS: p = 0.211; HOS: p = 0.801; iHOT-12: p = 0.112). Conclusion. Although there was a significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between patients with the most severe pain in the groin or trochanter, and the presence of pain in the trochanter, lower back, lateral thigh, or posterior thigh was related to higher mHHS scores, the majority of preoperative pain characteristics did not have a significant impact on outcomes. Therefore, a broad array of patients with hip OA might expect similar, favourable outcomes from THA notwithstanding preoperative pain characteristics. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):332–339

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Low-energy distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common upper arm fractures correlated with bone fragility. Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor associated with DRFs. However, the relationship between DRF severity and vitamin D deficiency is not elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the correlation between DRF severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level, which is an indicator of vitamin D deficiency.

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This study compared the cobalt and chromium serum ion concentration of patients treated with two different metal-on-metal (MoM) hinged total knee arthroplasty (TKA) systems, as well as a titanium nitride (TiN)-coated variant.