Perthes' disease is common in certain urban areas within Britain. It is one manifestation of a generalised growth disorder and nutritional causes are suspected. Orthopaedic surgeons throughout the Yorkshire region recorded all new patients with Perthes' disease over two years. There were large geographical differences in incidence which could not be explained by urban-rural or social class differences. No cases were recorded in a large area within the eastern part of the region, which is in high-grade farming land and has had a relatively low infant mortality throughout this century.

There is a high incidence of Perthes' disease among the children of unskilled manual workers in underprivileged urban areas in Britain. The skeletal measurements of 38 Liverpool children with Perthes' disease were compared with those of their siblings and of normal children from the inner and outer city. Children in families where Perthes' disease occurs have retarded growth of the trunk, with reduced sitting height and bi-acromial diameter. Among those who develop the disease there is also retarded limb growth, most evident as unusually small feet.