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Aims

This study investigated vancomycin-microbubbles (Vm-MBs) and meropenem (Mp)-MBs with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) to disrupt biofilms and improve bactericidal efficiency, providing a new and promising strategy for the treatment of device-related infections (DRIs).

Methods

A film hydration method was used to prepare Vm-MBs and Mp-MBs and examine their characterization. Biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli were treated with different groups. Biofilm biomass differences were determined by staining. Thickness and bacterial viability were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Colony counts were determined by plate-counting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed bacterial morphology.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 2 | Pages 140 - 147
1 Feb 2023
Fu Z Zhang Z Deng S Yang J Li B Zhang H Liu J

Aims

Eccentric reductions may become concentric through femoral head ‘docking’ (FHD) following closed reduction (CR) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, changes regarding position and morphology through FHD are not well understood. We aimed to assess these changes using serial MRI.

Methods

We reviewed 103 patients with DDH successfully treated by CR and spica casting in a single institution between January 2016 and December 2020. MRI was routinely performed immediately after CR and at the end of each cast. Using MRI, we described the labrum-acetabular cartilage complex (LACC) morphology, and measured the femoral head to triradiate cartilage distance (FTD) on the midcoronal section. A total of 13 hips with initial complete reduction (i.e. FTD < 1 mm) and ten hips with incomplete MRI follow-up were excluded. A total of 86 patients (92 hips) with a FTD > 1 mm were included in the analysis.


Aims

This study aimed, through bioinformatics analysis, to identify the potential diagnostic markers of osteoarthritis, and analyze the role of immune infiltration in synovial tissue.

Methods

The gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R software. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were constructed. Then the hub genes were screened. Biomarkers with high value for the diagnosis of early osteoarthritis (OA) were validated by GEO datasets. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the immune infiltration between early-stage OA and end-stage OA, and the correlation between the diagnostic marker and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 10, Issue 7 | Pages 459 - 466
28 Jul 2021
Yang J Zhou Y Liang X Jing B Zhao Z

Aims

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by persistent destruction of articular cartilage. It has been found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of OA. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of miR-486 in the development and progression of OA.

Methods

The expression levels of miR-486 in cartilage were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4) in SW1353 cells at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels was determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Double luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot assay were used to determine whether silencing information regulator 6 (SIRT6) was involved in miR-486 induction of chondrocyte-like cells to a more catabolic phenotype.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 11 | Pages 778 - 788
1 Nov 2020
Xu H Yang J Xie J Huang Z Huang Q Cao G Pei F

Aims

The efficacy and safety of intrawound vancomycin for preventing surgical site infection in primary hip and knee arthroplasty is uncertain.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted, indexed from inception to March 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. All studies evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of intrawound vancomycin in patients who underwent primary hip and knee arthroplasty were included. Incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), superficial infection, aseptic wound complications, acute kidney injury, anaphylactic reaction, and ototoxicity were meta-analyzed. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of included studies was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 102-B, Issue SUPP_9 | Pages 66 - 66
1 Oct 2020
Yang J Heckmann ND Nahhas CR Salzano MB Ruzich GP Jacobs JJ Paprosky WG Rosenberg AG Nam D
Full Access

Introduction

Recent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs have featured more anatomic morphologies and shorter tibial keels. However, several reports have raised concerns regarding the impact of these modifications on implant longevity. This study's purpose is to report the early performance of a modern, cemented TKA design.

Methods

All patients who received a primary, cemented TKA from 2012 to 2017 with a minimum two-year follow-up were included. This implant features an asymmetric tibial baseplate and a shortened keel. Patient demographics, Knee Society Scores (KSS), and component alignment were recorded, and Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses were performed.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 102-B, Issue SUPP_10 | Pages 42 - 42
1 Oct 2020
Yang J Olsen AS Serino J Terhune EB Della Valle CJ
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Introduction

The proportion of arthroplasties performed in the ambulatory setting has increased substantially. However, concerns remain regarding whether same-day discharge may increase the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare 90-day outcomes between inpatients and patients having surgery at an ambulatory surgery center (ASC).

Methods

Among a single-surgeon cohort of 721 patients who underwent arthroplasty at a free-standing ASC, 611 (84.7%) were matched one-to-one to inpatients based on age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Body Mass Index (110 patients could not be adequately matched). The cohort included 208 total hip arthroplasties (34.0%), 196 total knee arthroplasties (32.1%), 178 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (29.1%), 25 hip resurfacings (4.1%), two revision hip arthroplasties (0.3%) and two revision knee arthroplasties (0.3%). Post-operative outcomes including readmissions, reoperations, unplanned clinic visits, emergency department visits, and complications were compared. Complications were classified as either major (i.e. death, periprosthetic joint infection, pulmonary embolism) or as minor (i.e. delayed wound healing, rashes, urinary retention).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 102-B, Issue SUPP_9 | Pages 21 - 21
1 Oct 2020
Yang J Olsen AS Serino J Terhune EB Della Valle CJ
Full Access

Introduction

The proportion of arthroplasties performed in the ambulatory setting has increased substantially. However, concerns remain regarding whether same-day discharge may increase the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare 90-day outcomes between inpatients and patients having surgery at an ambulatory surgery center (ASC).

Methods

Among a single-surgeon cohort of 721 patients who underwent arthroplasty at a free-standing ASC, 611 (84.7%) were matched one-to-one to inpatients based on age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Body Mass Index (110 patients could not be adequately matched). The cohort included 208 total hip arthroplasties (34.0%), 196 total knee arthroplasties (32.1%), 178 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (29.1%), 25 hip resurfacings (4.1%), two revision hip arthroplasties (0.3%) and two revision knee arthroplasties (0.3%). Post-operative outcomes including readmissions, reoperations, unplanned clinic visits, emergency department visits, and complications were compared. Complications were classified as either major (i.e. death, periprosthetic joint infection, pulmonary embolism) or as minor (i.e. delayed wound healing, rashes, urinary retention).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 102-B, Issue SUPP_10 | Pages 32 - 32
1 Oct 2020
Yang J Terhune EB DeBenedetti A Della Valle CJ Gerlinger TL Levine BR Nam D
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Introduction

Wound complications following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) are associated with an increased risk of superficial and deep infections. Closed incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) has been reported to decrease this risk. This study's purpose was to assess if ciNPT decreases the rate of wound complications following revision THA versus a conventional, silver-impregnated dressing.

Methods

This was a single center, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing both septic and aseptic revision THA. Patients received either ciNPT or a silver-impregnated dressing (control) for 7 days. Wound complications within 90 days of the procedure were recorded, including: surgical site infection (SSI), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), prolonged drainage greater than 5 days, erythema requiring antibiotics, and hematoma formation. An a priori power analysis determined 201 patients per cohort were necessary to demonstrate a 10% decrease in wound complication rate.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 8, Issue 8 | Pages 405 - 413
1 Aug 2019
Huang J Bao X Xia W Zhu L Zhang J Ma J Jiang N Yang J Chen Q Jing T Liu J Ma D Xu G

Objectives

X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (XLHR) is a disease of impaired bone mineralization characterized by hypophosphataemia caused by renal phosphate wasting. The main clinical manifestations of the disorder are O-shaped legs, X-shaped legs, delayed growth, and bone pain. XLHR is the most common inheritable form of rickets, with an incidence of 1/20 000 in humans. It accounts for approximately 80% of familial cases of hypophosphataemia and serves as the prototype of defective tubular phosphate (PO43+) transport, due to extra renal defects resulting in unregulated FGF23 activity. XLHR is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene. The aim of this research was to identify the genetic defect responsible for familial hypophosphataemic rickets in a four-generation Chinese Han pedigree and to analyze the function of this mutation.

Methods

The genome DNA samples of all members in the pedigree were extracted from whole blood. We sequenced all exons of the PHEX and FGF23 genes, as well as the adjacent splice site sequence with Sanger sequencing. Next, we analyzed the de novo mutation c.1692 del A of the PHEX gene with an online digital service and investigated the mutant PHEX with SWISS-MODEL, immunofluorescence, and protein stability detection.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 98-B, Issue SUPP_9 | Pages 51 - 51
1 May 2016
Moon K Yang J Yang S
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Purpose

The results of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing surfaces in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) were well known. However, it was not known in revision THA. The purpose of this study is to report the results of revision THA with ceramic articulation.

Materials and Methods

112 revision THAs with ceramic articulation were evaluated. The mean age at the time of surgery was 58.3 years (28 to 97). The mean duration of the follow-up periods was 6.4 years (2 to 11.8 years).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 98-B, Issue SUPP_4 | Pages 140 - 140
1 Jan 2016
Yang J Yoon JR
Full Access

Purpose

In vivo comparative gap measurements were performed in 3 different patella positions (reduced, subluxated and everted) using offset-type-force-controlled-spreader-system.

Methods

Prospectively, 50 knees were operated by TKA using a navigation-assisted gap balancing technique. The offset-type-force-controlled-spreader-system was used for gap measurements. This commercially-available instrument allows controllable tension in patella reduced position. The mediolateral gaps of knee extension (0°) and flexion (90°) angle were recorded in 3 different patella positions; reduced, subluxated and everted. Any gap differences of more than 3 mm were considered as a meaningful difference. Correlation between the difference with the demographic data, preoperative radiologic alignment and intraoperative data was analyzed. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test were used.


The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the visible, hidden, total blood loss and postoperative haemodynamic change of subcutaneous and intra-articular indwelling closed suction drainage method after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients with primary osteoarthritis, who underwent unilateral TKA were enrolled; Group A with subcutaneous (n=78) and group B with intra-articular (n=79) indwelling closed suction drainage method. Total blood loss, visible blood loss, internal blood loss, postop (day 1), 5th, 10th day hemoglobin, hematocrit levels were compared. Allogenic blood transfusion rate and complications related to soft tissue hematoma formation were additionally compared. Subcutaneous indwelling closed suction drainage method reduced both the visible blood loss and total blood loss (hemovac drainage + internal blood loss) thus decreasing the rate of allogenic transfusion. Although the minor complications such as the incidence of bullae formation and the ecchymosis were higher in the subcutaneous indwelling group, the functional outcome at postoperative 2 year did not demonstrate difference from intra-articular drainage group.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 96-B, Issue SUPP_11 | Pages 110 - 110
1 Jul 2014
Yu Y Ibrahim N Yang J Walsh WR
Full Access

Summary Statement

Combination of sorafenib with irradiation achieved synergistic effect with dose reduction in both 143B and HOS cell lines. This demonstrated the potential application of sorafenib in the treatment of osteosarcoma metastasis and radiation resistance.

Introduction

More than 20% of patients with osteosarcoma die of the disease within 5 years due to tumour relapse and metastasis. Identifying new treatment that works singly or in combination with conventional therapies is urgently required. We previously found that the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway was associated with lung metastasis in a 143B inoculated osteosarcoma orthotopic mouse model1. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has shown potent anticancer effect including in osteosarcoma2 through the inhibition of Raf-1 and other targets3. The aims of this study were to investigate effect of sorafenib on osteosarcoma cell lines with or without activated Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling and to decide whether sorafenib could enhance irradiation on these cells.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_15 | Pages 370 - 370
1 Mar 2013
Zhou C Zhou Z He J Sun J Shen B Yang J Kang P Pei F
Full Access

Background

Recent anthropometric studies have suggested that current design of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) does not cater to racial anthropometric differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exact sizing and rotational landmarks of the distal femur collected and its gender differences from a large group of healthy Southern Chinese using 3D-CT measurements, and then compare these measurements to the five total knee prostheses conventionally used in China.

Methods

This study evaluated distal femoral geometry in 85 healthy Southern Chinese, included 39 females (78 knees) and 46 males (92 knees) with a mean age of 33.9 years,a mean height of 164.7 cm and a mean weight of 59.9 kg. The width of the articular surface as projected onto the transepicondylar line(ML), anteroposterior dimension (AP), the dimensions from medial/lateral epicondyle to posterior condylar (MEP/LEP) were measured. A characterization of the aspect ratio (ML/AP) was made for distal femur. The angles between the tangent line of the posterior condylar surfaces, the Whiteside line, the transepicondylar line, and the trochlear line were measured. The sulcus angle and hip center-femoral shaft angle were also measured [Fig. 1]. The data were compared with the five total knee prostheses conventionally used in China. In analyzing the data, best-fit lines were calculated with use of least-squares regression. The dimensions are summarized as the mean and standard deviation. Comparisons of dimensions between males and females were made with use of the two-sample t test. A p value of <0.05 indicated a significant effect.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XLI | Pages 63 - 63
1 Sep 2012
Wong M Yu Y Yang J Walsh W
Full Access

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of terminal sterilisation and residual calcium on human demineralised bone matrix (DBM) in ectopic bone formation in nude rat.

The intramuscular implantation of human DBM prepared by the Queensland Bone Bank (QBB) from four donors into eight male athymic rats was used to assess osteoinductivity. The DBM contained different levels of residual calcium and treated with or without gamma-irradiation at 11kGy. At 6 weeks post-implantation, calcium deposition was assessed by manual palpitation and radiological imaging. Tissue morphology and cellular interactions was analysed using various histological staining methods whilst protein expression of anabolic and catabolic biomarkers were examined through immunohistochemistry. All results were then analysed in qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative manners and tested for statistical significance.

Bone formation was observed in all specimens at the gross level. This was confirmed by histology which revealed bony capsules surrounded by soft tissue in the muscle pockets and differences in tissue components. On a cellular level, variations in osteoclast expression were found between the two groups as well as amongst individual donors through statistical analysis which resulted in an imbalance of the expression of anabolic and catabolic markers. Furthermore, a positive relationship between residual calcium and new bone formation in gamma irradiated DBM samples was found. To date, no studies have compared the effect of calcium in gamma irradiated DBM.

Our results suggest that gamma irradiation even at low doses and residual calcium may affect new bone formation. Taken together, this study stresses the importance of selecting ideal conditions for graft processing and the need to identify an optimal level of irradiation and remaining calcium levels that confers a balance between osteoinductivity and sterility.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XL | Pages 224 - 224
1 Sep 2012
Zhou Z Zhou C Shen B Yang J Kang P Pei F
Full Access

Background

Recent anthropometric studies have suggested that current design of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) does not cater to racial anthropometric differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exact sizing and rotational landmarks of the distal femur collected from a large group of healthy Southern Chinese using three dimensional computer tomographic measurements, and then compare these measurements to the known dimensions from Caucasian populations.

Methods

This study evaluated distal femoral geometry in 125 healthy Southern Chinese, included 58 women (106 knees) and 67 men (134 knees) with a mean age of 35.2±8.11 years, a mean height of 165.5±7.94 cm, and a mean weight of 61.7±9.56 kg. The width of the articular surface as projected onto the transepicondylar line(ML), anteroposterior dimension (AP), the dimensions from medial/lateral epicondyle to posterior condylar (MEP/LEP)were measured. A characterization of the aspect ratio (ML/AP) was made for distal femur[Fig. 1]. The angles between the tangent line of the posterior condylar surfaces, the Whiteside line, the transepicondylar line, and the trochlear line were measured. The sulcus angle and hip center-femoral shaft angle were also measured. Known dimensions from Caucasian populations were compared with the morphologic data collected in this study[Fig. 2]. In analyzing the data, best-fit lines were calculated with use of least-squares regression. The dimensions are summarized as the mean and standard deviation. The differences of rotational landmarks and sizing between the Southern Chinese and Caucasians were assessed with use of the Student t test. A p value of <0.05 indicated a significant effect.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XLI | Pages 32 - 32
1 Sep 2012
Yu Y Luk F Yang J Walsh W
Full Access

To set up an osteosarcoma mouse model with spontaneous lung metastasis and to identify a marker of osteosarcoma metastasis and to inhibit the marker against the invasive ability of an osteosarcoma cell line.

A human osteosarcoma orthotopic mouse model was set up by injecting 143B human osteosarcoma cells into mouse tibia. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and its downstream signalling factors were measured in samples from the primary tumor and the lung secondaries by immunohistochemistry. Human Alu mRNA expression was tested using in situ hybridization assay. A Matrigel assay was used to assess cell invasion ability under the interference of a MEK/ERK pathway specific inhibitor, U0126.

All fifteen mice showed tumour mass at the left tibia and lung metastasis. Human Alu expression in the primary and secondary tumours confirmed human origin of the tumour cells. Total IGF-1R, MEK, Akt, p38 and phosphorylated MEK (p-MEK), but not p-Akt and p-p38, were positive in both local tumours and lung secondaries. Leiomyosarcoma controls expressed p-Akt and p-MEK, but not p-p38. The 143B cells treated with U0126 had significantly lower in vitro invasion ability compared with controls.

The IGF-1R-MEK signalling pathway, particularly Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, may play an important role in osteosarcoma lung metastasis, and the targeting MEK/ERK by its specific inhibitor may have a potential use in the effective treatment of osteosarcoma.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XL | Pages 171 - 171
1 Sep 2012
Shen B Lai O Yang J Pei F
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Background and Objective

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been applied to treat pain and disability in patients with post-traumatic arthritis after acetabular fracture for many years. However, the midterm and long-term results of THA for this unique population are still controversial. According to previous studies, we found that uncemented acetabular reconstructions were usually performed in patients who were most likely to have the best results and an abnormal acetabular structure was usually the reason for THA failure. In this study, we evaluated the midterm results of using uncement acetabular components to treat posttraumatic arthritis after acetabular fracture. In addition, we investigated the effects of different acetabular fracture treatments and fracture patterns on THA.

Materials and Methods

Between January 2000 to December 2003, 34 uncemented acetabular reconstructions were performed in 34 patients for posttraumatic arthritis after acetabular fractures. Among them, 31 patients underwent complete clinical and radiographic follow-up for an average of 6.3 years (range, 3.1–8.4 years). There were 22 men and 9 women. The patients' average age was 51 ± 12 years (range, 27–74 years) at the time of arthroplasty. The average interval from fracture to THA was 5.58 ± 4.42 years (range, 0.75–17.5 years). Of the 31 patients, 19 had undergone ORIF (open-reduction group) and 12 had received conservative treatment for the acetabular fractures (conservative-treatment group). Then, 14 had simple pattern fractures (simple group) and 17 had complex pattern fractures (complex group). After midterm follow-up, the radiographic and clinic results of the different groups were compared.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 93-B, Issue SUPP_IV | Pages 412 - 412
1 Nov 2011
SHEN B YANG J WANG L ZHOU Z KANG P PEI F
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Objective: Considering the high incidence and misdiag-nostic rate of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) in China, some patients suffer from severe pain in the hip at early age, and a total hip arthroplasty would be necessary. To our knowledge, the intermediate-term(equal to or more than five years) results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip has not been studied in China previously. This study evaluated more than five-year clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a consecutive series of patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Methods: From February 2000 to July 2002, 55 patients (69 hips) underwent THA in our hospital were involved in this study. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to Harris evaluate score. Components migration, periprosthetic bone changes, the polyethylene wear rate were measured radiologically. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the survival of the acetabular and femoral component. End point was obvious radiological loosening or revision either or both of the acetabular and femoral component for any reason.

Results: Forty-five patients (57 hips) were followed up at least 5 years. The average preoperative Harris hip score was (46.19±18.01) points, which improved to (91.78±3.52) points at final follow-up. There were 48 excellent hips (84.21%), 7 good hips (12.28%), 2 fair hips (3.51%) and no poor hip. There is no significant difference of Harris score between the dysplasia group, the low dislocation group and the high dislocation group (P> 0.05, ANOVA). The mean polyethylene liner wear rate was (0.27±0.14)mm/year. According to the statistical relevant analysis, the wear rate of the polyethylene liner had relationship with the age(r=−0.288, P=0.040), the abnormal abduction angle of the acetabular cup (r=0.317, P=0.023)and the osteolysis rate (r=0.573, P=0.026), while had no significant relationship with the thickness of the polyethylene liner (P=0.326), gender(P=0.097), DDH classification(P=0.958) and the Harris score(P=0.598). There are 5 pelvic osteolysis and 8 proximal femoral osteolysis. Using loosening or revision as the end point for failure, the survival rate of both components was 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.00).

Conclusions: In conclusion, improved surgical technique and design in the components provided favorable mid-term results in Chinese patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip. Bulk autogenous or allografting is not needed if more than 70% of the acetabular component is covered by host bone. Although the Asia life style includes more squatting and cross-legged, the results of this series in Chinese population are comparable to the satisfactory results of other reported DDH series whose patients are mainly western people. The mid-term results of THA are equivalent in the group of patients with dysplasia, low dislocation, and high dislocation types both in ace-tabular and femoral components. However, the authors continue to be anxious about the high rate of liner wear and osteolysis, which deserve the necessary long-term follow-up.