Methods: We examined prospectively collected data from 6782 consecutive hip fractures to identify 327 fractures in female patients aged 65 years and younger. We report on demographic characteristics, treatment and outcome. We compare this group with a cohort of 4810 consecutive hip fractures in older females.

Results: Not surprisingly, younger women had higher levels of mobility and independence than their older counterparts. However, over 20% mobilised with aids, needed help with activities of daily living and/or had significant co-morbidity. A significantly higher proportion of younger patients were smokers. This had a strong influence on the relative risk of “early” as opposed to “late” fracture (Hazard Ratio 4.7, p< 0.01). Mortality was 0.7% at 30 days and 4.2% at one year.

We calculated age-related incidence of hip fracture in the local population and noted the first significant increase at the interval between 40–44 and 45–49, rather than the age of 50, which is when the onset of screening of hip fracture patients for osteoporosis occurs in most health areas. Lag screw fixation was the most common method of operative fixation. General complication rates were low, as were reoperation rates for cemented prostheses. Intracapsular fractures are an interesting subgroup. When displaced, 39% (61/158) had lag screw fixation and 61% (97/158) were treated by arthroplasty. Kaplan-Meier implant survivorship of displaced intra-capsular fractures treated by reduction and lag screw fixation was 82% at two and 71% at five years.

Conclusion: Hip fractures in females to 65 years of age are sustained by a population at risk as a result of patho-physiology. Treatment in this age group, particularly of intracapsular fractures, remains a topic of debate. Understanding the characteristics of these patients, may lead to an improved opportunity, if not for prevention, at least for intervention.