Implant materials impregnated with antibiotics have long been used to manage the dead space created by debridement surgery in patients with osteomyelitis.

To present our preliminary results and in vivo response of patients to PerOssal used to treat bone infection in the form of long bone chronic osteomyelitis. PerOssal is a new osteoconductive bone substitution material for bone filling which consists of an entirely synthetically produced, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate. It can be used effectively as a local antibiotic carrier for the reconstruction of infected bone defects.

We have treated 19 patients with long bone osteomyelitis (15 tibial, 4 femoral) with PerOssal impregnated with the appropriate antibiotic which was used following radical debridement surgery. In all cases we did not rely solely on the mechanical stability that it may provide but we supported the bone when necessary. Postoperative observations were focused on primary wound healing and clinical eradication of infection.

We had: 15 eradication of infection, 2 recurrences, in terms of re-infection by different species or amputation, and 2 on-going cases. Declining wound leakage and delayed wound healing was present in 5 cases where PerOssal was used either intramedullarily but not sealed or extraosseously in relatively large amounts.

We have so far good results with respect to infection control. PerOssal seems to perform better when used in contained defects whereas extraosseous use seems to predispose to prolonged leakage and compromised wound healing or breakdown. The mechanical stability that it provides remains under consideration.

Two-stage revision procedure is the gold standard in management of periprosthetic infections. Cement spacers have long been used to preserve the space created during resection procedure and to release antiobiotics within the created dead space. However, the problems related to cement as an antibiotic carrier are well recognised (thermal necrosis, random porosity, unspecified antibiotic delivery rate).

To present the concept of using PerOssal as a canal filling spacer and local antibiotic delivery system in two-stage revisions of hip and knee infected arthroplasty.

8 patients (6 females, 2 males) with infected arthroplasty (4 TKRs, 4 THRs) were managed with two-stage revision procedures during the years 2006–2008 (minimum FU: 12 months). Our protocol consisted of:

Preoperative determination of the causative organism

We had 7 cases with eradication of infection, 2 with delayed wound closure, and 1 late recurrence of disease.

We think that PerOssal can offer a very useful additional and genuine support in managing infected joint arthroplasties with so far good clinical results.

Introduction: Implant materials impregnated with antibiotics have long been used to manage the dead space created by debridement surgery in patients with osteomyelitis.

Purpose: To present our preliminary results and in vivo response of patients to PerOssal used to treat bone infection in the form of long bone chronic osteomyelitis. PerOssal is a new osteoconductive bone substitution material for bone filling which consists of an entirely synthetically produced, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate. It can be used effectively as a local antibiotic carrier for the reconstruction of infected bone defects.

Patients & Methods: During the years 2006–2009 we have treated 19 patients with long bone osteomyelitis (15 tibial, 4 femoral) with PerOssal impregnated with the appropriate antibiotic which was used following radical debridement surgery. In all cases we did not rely solely on the mechanical stability that it may provide but we supported the bone when necessary. Postoperative observations were focused on primary wound healing, inflammation markers and clinical eradication of infection (minimum FU: 12 months).

Results: We have: 15 cases with eradication of infection, 2 recurrences of disease, in terms of re-infection by different species or amputation, and 2 on-going cases. Declining wound leakage and delayed wound healing was present in 5 cases where PerOssal was used either intramedullarily but not sealed or extraosseously in relatively large amounts.

Conclusion: We have so far good results with respect to infection control. PerOssal seems to perform better when used in contained defects whereas extraosseous use seems to predispose to prolonged leakage and compromised wound healing or breakdown. The mechanical stability that it provides remains under consideration.

The purpose of this study is to compare the healing progress in cases with wound healing complications with or without VAC assistance.

From 2005 to 2008, 32 patients with a mean 56 years of age had wound healing complications necessitating for further operative intervention. 26 cases were classified as stage III and 6 cases were classified as stage IV according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. The mean extent of wounds was 7cm2. 17 cases (group A) were treated with repeated removal of necrotic debris. In 15 cases (group B) the VAC device was applied (75mmHg). The 2 groups were compared on the basis of total hospital stay, need for additional operation, and re-infection rates.

Mean hospital stay was 25.2 days in group A and 16.5 days in group B (p< 0.05). 7 cases needed re-operation in group A comparing to 2 in group B (p< 0.05). Re-infection appeared in 5 cases of group A comparing to 1 case of group B (p< 0.05). 1 patient of group B used VAC therapy in lower negative pressure (50mmHg) 6 days post application due to unrelenting pain.

Negative pressure wound therapy is safe and effective. It minimises the total hospital stay, it is associated with lower recurrence, re-infection and re-operations rates, and lowers total cost of therapy.

To evaluate the operative treatment of Blount disease using the TSF external fixator and to evaluate the system.

During January 2004 and August 2008, 8 males and 2 females with Blount disease (16 limbs) were treated using TSF system. For the radiological assessment we obtained standard long-leg standing radiographs and we measured the anatomic medial proximal tibial angle (aMPTA), the diaphyseal-metaphyseal tibial angle (Drennan), and the femoro-tibial angle.

The mean follow-up was 29 months (15 to 45). No patient had pain around the knee, medial or lateral instability. The range motion of the knee immediately after frame removal was 10° to 90° of flexion in two patients while in the other it was from 0° to 110°. The mean leg-length discrepancy was reduced postoperatively from mean 1,9 cm (1,7–3,2) to 0,9 cm (0− +1,5). The aMPTA angle increased from mean 73° (59°– 83°) to 94° (107°–90°), Drennan angle from 17° (14°–22°) to 3° (0°–7°), and femoro-tibial angle from 17° (10°–30°) varus to 7° (2°–10°) valgus. The frame was removed at mean 9 weeks (7–14). Two patients had delayed union, two presented with loss of correction (due to dissociation of struts and secondary to medial physeal bar), two patients had pin track infection. No neurologic complications were referred.

Accurate corrections of multiplanar deformities as varus, internal rotation and shortening of the limb that coexist in Blount disease may be accomplished using TSF system

Presentation of two cases of pelvic periacetabular sarcoma, which were treated with wide resection of the tumor, pelvic reconstruction and lower limb salvage.

Two patients, one male 23 y.o. with chondrosarcoma and one female 75 y.o. with chondroblastic osteosarcoma, were treated in our clinic. Both tumors were stage II according to Enneking’s classification. Both tumors were treated with Enneking type II internal hemipelvectomy due to their periacetabular localization. After wide resection of tumors, pelvic deficit was reconstructed with allograft, which was internally fixated, and total hip replacement with constrained prosthesis.

Clinical evaluation showed absence of pain and satisfactory function of the limb. Imaging evaluation with x-ray, 3D-scan kai MRI showed satisfactory position and condition of allograft and internal fixation without evidence of loosening. Non weight bearing mobilization commenced 3 weeks postoperatively.

Internal hemipelvectomy requires precise preoperative planning and surgical knowledge because it is technically demanding due to complex structure of the pelvis, the great number of muscular attachments and the presence of important vessels, nerves and pelvic viscera. Wide pelvic resection and reconstruction with allograft for periacetabular sarcomas is a challenging procedure, which offers the opportunity of limb salvage associated with functional outcome.

The purpose of this study is to present early results, common pitfalls and management in in cases of revision hip arthroplsty in patients with congenital disease of the hip.

From 2001 to 2006, 36 consecutive cemented THAs with a history of congenital hip disease were revised due to aseptic loosening (31 cases), stem fracture (3 cases), septic loosening (2 case). There were thirty patients, all females, with a mean age at revision 61.7 years (range, 40 to 76). The revision was performed after a mean 15.4 years post primary operation (range, 9 to 26). In 7 cases the cup only, in 5 cases the stem only, and in 24 cases both components were revised.

The mean follow-up was 43 months (range, 24 to 84). There were 3 intraoperative femoral fractures managed with long stem and circlage wires. Postoperatively, 5 hips were infected and sustained a 2 stage revision using a cement spacer. 3 hips were revised due to loosening.

28 cups and 28 stems remained intact for an average 45.2 months (range, 24 to 84). The probability of survival at 48 months was 76.3% (±9.7%) for the cups (12 components at risk) and 76.4% (±11.3%) for the stems (9 components at risk).

Revision of a CDH arthroplasty is difficult and non predictable. Lack of acetabular bone stock and anatomical abnormalities of the femur lead to increased intra and postoperative complication rate.

Aim: The purpose of our study is to present the survival results, clinical outcome and complications from the use of APC in cases with a history of periprosthetic infection.

Materials and Methods: Between 1986 and 1999, twenty-two patients (twenty-two hips) 11 male and 11 female (mean age 57.5 years – range 38 to 77 years) with massive bone loss (Paprosky IIIA 2 cases, IIIB 4 cases, and IV 16 cases) were included to our study. They all had a history of periprosthetic infection after an average of 3.3 (range 1 to 5) revision hip arthroplasties and were submitted to a two stage revision arthroplasty using an allograft-prosthesis composite.

Results: At an average follow-up of eleven years (range, eight to twenty years), 14 patients were alive, 7 patients died, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. The ten year survival of the allograft-prosthesis composites was 74.9 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 55.1 to 94.7 per cent, 4 cases remaining at risk). Seven cases presented with APC failure needing re-revision, 2 due to re-infection (4 and 23 months from revision by the same microorganism species as for the initial infection (Staph aureus to both cases), 3 due to allograft non union (at 21, 43, 79 months) and 2 cases due to graft resorption (164, 175 months post revision). Delayed healing and wound drainage occurred to 2 more cases.

Conclusion: Reconstruction of massive proximal femoral bone loss with an allograft-implant composite is a demanding procedure. Biologic means of reconstruction is a major advantage preserving bone stock for future surgery. However, high complication rate should be considered.

Purpose: Fractures of the distal tibia are high energy fractures, associated with marked soft-tissue trauma. Management of these fractures is challenging. The purpose of this study is to present our experience on the treatment of these fractures using hybrid external fixation, with or without open reduction and minimal internal fixation of the fibular fracture.

Patients and Methods: Forty eight patients with a distal tibial fracture were admitted to the authors’ institution since 2005. There were 33 men and 15 women. According to AO there were 24 A, 10 B and 14 C fractures. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years. Eight patients had an open pilon fracture; according to the Gustilo classification, 1 patient had a grade I, 5 patients had a grade II, and 2 patients had a grade III open fracture. In all patients, the pilon fracture was treated using hybrid external fixation; in 18 patients, open reduction and minimal internal fixation of the fibular fracture using plate and screws was also done.

Results: Mean follow-up was 14 months (range, 9 to 36 months). In all patients, the mean duration of the application of the external fixation was 2.85 months, followed by the application of a below-knee cast. In 42 patients, radiographic evidence of union was observed at 3,6 months (range, 3 to 9 months). Time for union was different between patients with closed and grade I open fractures compared to patients with grade II and grade III open fractures (union at 3.5 and 6 months, respectively). There were 5 non-unions (10,4%) with 3 of them septic (6,25%). All three deep infections were low grade and occurred in open fractures.Delayed union was observed in 3 patients; in these patients, solid union of the fracture was observed at 7 months (range, 6 to 9 months). Pin track infection was observed in 7 patients (14.6%).

Conclusion: Based on the present study, hybrid external is associated with satisfactory results for the management of distal tibial fractures with acceptable complications.

Background: Massive bone loss from the proximal femur is a complex problem, occurring in multiple-revision hip arthroplasties, and malignancy. Allograft prosthetic composites (APCs) are used to restore bone loss and provide better function of the limb.

Material and Methods: Between 1986 and 1999, 94 patients (96 hips) including 31 male and 63 female (mean age 59.5 years), with massive bone loss due to an average of 2 previous revisions, had a revision hip arthroplasty using an allograft-prosthesis composite (APC). A previous history of infection was present in 21 of these cases.

Results: At an average follow-up of 11 years (range, 8 to 20 years), 72 patients were alive, 21 patients died, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. Major complications occurred in 33 cases: femoral stem loosening (12); dislocation (15); periprosthetic fracture (10); and infection (7). Minor complications occurred in 13 other cases. Further revision surgery was performed in 21 of the 96 cases including revision of the acetabular component (3), femoral APC (16) or both (2). The 10 year survival of the APCs was 68.8% (95% CI 58.6%–79%, 26 cases remaining at risk). There was no statistically significant difference in survival time between gender, age, indication for APC (including infection), surgical approach and APC technique. Statistically significant factors negatively impacting APC survival included two or more prior revisions, severity of preoperative bone loss (Paprosky type IV) and use of plates and screws (p< 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in APC survival was identified in those reconstructions in which cement was used for proximal fixation of the femoral component within the allograft (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: Reconstruction of massive proximal femoral bone loss with an allograft-implant composite is a demanding procedure. Preservation of bone stock is a great advantage of this biologic means of reconstruction. Specific technical issues should be known and followed so to avoid failure and need for early re-revision

Six patients underwent wide segmental resection and limb salvage surgery for primary or metastatic bone tumors involving the diaphysis of the femur, the tibia and the humerus using a modular intramedullary diaphyseal segmental defect fixation system. There were 4 men and 2 women with a mean age of 62 years (range, 40 to 77 years).

Histological diagnosis included adamantinoma, dedifferentiated synovial sarcoma attached to the tibia, multiple myeloma, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma, myeloid carcinoma of the thyroid gland and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

The mean follow-up was 16 months (range, 11 to 24 months). At the latest examination, 5 patients were free of local or distant disease; one patient had deceased with distant disease, without evidence of local recurrence. Revision surgery was necessary in one patient because of mechanical loosening of the proximal fixation of the prosthesis. The mean increase of the Enneking rating from the pre to the postoperative status was 87.82%.

The intramedullary diaphyseal segmental defect fixation system used herein is associated with a satisfactory functional and oncological outcome after wide resection of diaphyseal bone tumors.

Purpose: The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic meniscal repair with the FasT-Fix repair system.

Type of study: Prospective case series.

Methods: 83 meniscal repairs with the FasT-Fix meniscal repair system in 80 patients with a mean age of 29 years were performed between 2001 and 2004. Concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was performed in 70% of the cases. All tears were longitudinal and located in the red/red or red/white zone. Criteria for clinical success included absence of joint line tenderness, locking, swelling, and a negative McMurray test. Clinical evaluation included also the Lyscholm knee score, and KT-1000 arthrometry.

Results: The average follow-up was 38 months (range, 24–61 months). Six of 83 repaired menisci (7.23%) were considered failures according to our criteria. Therefore, the success rate was 92.77%. Time required for meniscal repair averaged 15 minutes. Postoperatively, the majority of the patients had no restrictions in sports activities. 92% had an excellent or good result according to the Lysholm knee score. Four patients had a restriction of knee joint motion postoperatively, and an arthroscopic arthrolysis was performed in one of them. Analysis showed that, age, length of tear, simultaneous ACL reconstruction, chronicity of injury, and location of tear did not affect the clinical outcome.

Conclusions: Our results, shows that arthroscopic meniscal repair with the FasT-Fix repair system provides a high rate of meniscus healing and offers reduction of both the risk of serious neurovascular complications and operative time.