Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to identify factors that influence the Cobb angle at presentation to a tertiary referral scoliosis centre, and the outcome of the referrals.

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of shoulder symptoms in patients with type I compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. This was a retrospective case-note review of 164 diabetic patients treated for shoulder symptoms from 1996 to 2007. Diabeta 3 for relevant Diabetic data. We used ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests.

The incidence of treated shoulder patients in diabetic population: 1.04%. 86 males; 78 females. Average age 58 years (22 – 83). DM Type I 34% (46/136); Type II 66% (90/136). Mean duration of DM at presentation: 10 years (1–33). Mean HbA1c at presentation 8.3%. Retinopathy 16% (19/90); Neuropathy 12% (12/88).

The diagnoses were: Impingement 101 (62%); Adhesive Capsulitis 35 (21%); Cuff tear 17 (10%); Arthritis 11 (7%).

Mean recorded pre-treatment ROM: Impingement (flexion 117°, abduction 103°, ER 36°); Adhesive Capsulitis (flexion 90°, abduction 75°, ER 12°); Cuff tear (flexion 109°, abduction 95°, ER 45°); Arthritis (flexion 67°, abduction 93°, ER 18°).

Adhesive Capsulitis was significantly related to: HbA1c (9.9%); p< 0.001, Type I DM; p< 0.003, Duration of DM (average 17.5 yrs); p< 0.03.

An interesting statistically significant (p< 0.003) correlation was found between Type 2 DM and Impingement Syndrome.

Treatments included: Injection (53), MUA (49), Arthroscopy (99), Open Surgery (56). 82% patients satisfactorily discharged (mild/no pain and improved ROM: flexion > 150°, abduction > 150° and ER > 50°) after an average 3.4 months. Three referred to pain clinic, sixteen patients didn’t attend their follow-up appointment and seven died. Eleven relapsed (eight adhesive capsulitis).

Persistent symptoms were more common in Diabetic patients with adhesive capsulitis, which was found to be significantly related to Type I DM, its duration and control (HbA1c levels). Type II Diabetics are more likely to be affected with impingement syndrome. Close liaison with the Diabetology Department is essential for effective treatment of Diabetic Shoulder pathology.

Introduction: The popularity of hip arthroscopy has lagged behind that of other joints. However surgeons are increasingly using hip arthroscopy to investigate and treat disorders such as early osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, labral tears, loose bodies and paediatric hip disease.

We present the indications, intra operative findings and outcomes of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Methods: Prospective study of 43 patients from 2000 to 2005 undergone hip arthroscopy performed by the senior author. Pre & post operative visual analogue scores and oxford hip scores were recorded.

CT or MRI was performed were clinically indicated. Mean follow up 4 months, range(2– 10).

Results: 45 hips. 20 right. 21 left. 2 bilateral. 22 females. 21 males. Mean age 39.6yrs, Range 20–65yrs

Symptoms: Pain, Clicking, Giving way.

History: Idiopathic pain 30, DDH 5, Perthes 3, Trauma acetabulum fracture 2, RT A Dislocation 1, SUFE 1, Non union 1.

6 patients had pre-op CT scans and 22 had MRI.

MRI Findings: 3 loose bodies, 14 labral tears, 2 large filling defects, 3 normal MRI

42 Arthroscopic debridement and wash outs, 3 failed scopes.

Intra operative findings: 5 loose bodies, 4 degenerate labrum’s, 10 labral tears, 14 Grade 3–4 Osteoarthritic changes, 7 Torn ligament Teres,1 normal joint.

3 normal MRI findings had labral tears and articular cartilage defects.

Mean Pre-op VAS- 7.9 Range(5– 10). Mean Post-op VAS- 4.7 Range(1– 10)

Discussion: Hip arthroscopy is of value in assessing and treating patients with hip pain of uncertain cause. Our results indicated good patient satisfaction and outcomes with improved pain and Oxford hip scores. However patient selection and diagnostic expertise are critical to successful outcomes.