Purpose of the study: Recurrent deformity in adulthood after successful treatment of clubfoot in childhood is exceptional. Patients experience subjective instability of the hindfood associated with progressive varus deformity and osteoarthritis of the subtalar joint. The purpose of this study was to analyze outcome after double arthrodesis in the specific situation.

Material and methods: Nine patients aged 41 years on average (range 18–64 years) were reviewed clinically and radiologically at mean 43 months follow-up after double arthrodesis (subtalar and Chopart). Time between the primary surgery and arthrodesis was 25 years on average (range 8–37 years). Clinical outcome was assessed with the AOFAS system. Plain x-rays were analyzed.

Results: The AOFAS score improved from 42 points preoperatively to 67 points on average at last follow-up (maximum 90 points). Improvement in pain was less pronounced, 27 points preoperatively and 13 points at last follow-up. Ankle motion did not decrease significantly. There was a non-significant progression of the ankle joint osteoarthritic degeneration in 71% of patients. Subjectively, the patients were moderately satisfied with the postoperative alignment of the hindfoot.

Conclusion: Double arthrodesis is often the only alternative for adults with recurrent clubfoot deformity causing pain and subjective instability of the hindfoot. The results in our series did not reveal any significant progression of the ankle joint degeneration at midterm follow-up of three years. Pain and subjective instability were improved, though the physiological alignment of the hindfoot could not be totally restored.