This study investigated the effects of β-caryophyllene (BCP) on protecting bone from vitamin D deficiency in mice fed on a diet either lacking (D-) or containing (D+) vitamin D. A total of 40 female mice were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10/group): D+ diet with propylene glycol control, D+ diet with BCP, D-deficient diet with control, and D-deficient diet with BCP. The D+ diet is a commercial basal diet, while the D-deficient diet contains 0.47% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and no vitamin D. All the mice were housed in conditions without ultraviolet light. Bone properties were evaluated by X-ray micro-CT. Serum levels of klotho were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Aims
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Since the recall of some metal on metal (MoM) THR bearings, surgeons have seen patients with pain, elevated Co and Cr levels and adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR). While many variables may contribute to THR MoM failures, many times these variables are not present in patients who present with symptoms. We investigate the possible genetic predilection of a group of patients who were revised after MoM THR surgery for pain, high Co/Cr levels and ALTR. IRB approval was obtained prior to our study. We have analyzed 19 control (asymptomatic MoM THR patients > 6 years after surgery) and 19 disease (revised MoM THR for high metal ions and ALTR). The 38 sample intensity files were subject to sample Quality Control (QC) using Contrast QC (< 0.4) with an Affymetrix Genotyping Console. The resulting 38 sample files with genotype calls were loaded and further analyzed using the Association Workflow in Partek Genomics Suite 6.6 (Partek, Missouri). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was performed on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level. The difference between the observed and expected frequencies of each allele at each locus were tested by Fisher's exact test and χ2 test. To get the working SNP list, two filters were used: (1) a SNP no-call rate should be less than 5%, and (2) minor allele frequency of a SNP should be greater than 5%. After filtering, association analysis of the SNPS with disease was done using Chi2 Test. In this study, χ2 statistic was used to assess the difference in allele frequencies between the control and disease samples. The value of χ2 statistic, degrees of freedom, and the associated p-value for each SNP were calculated. Dot Plot was used to visualize the genotypes of all samples. To measure the non-random association of alleles at different loci, Linkage Disequilibrium analysis was performed using the neighborhood size of 20 and statistic r2. The resulting correlations show the value of r2 for SNPs. The r2 = 1 means that two SNPs are tightly associated.INTRODUCTION
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