Periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been reported with promising effects, but some results still remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficiency and safety of PMDI technique in TKA. We systematically conducted an electronic search in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (SCI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Two independent reviewers completed data collection and assessment of methodological quality according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1. The quality of evidence of outcomes was judged using GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software.Backgroud:
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In Northern China, Ca intake and serum vitamin-D level of adolescents are low due to non-dairy-based diets and insufficient sunshine exposure. Maximisation of bone mineral accretion in childhood and adolescence requires adequate dietary calcium (Ca) intake and body vitamin-D status. This study focused on nutritional adaptation in Chinese adolescents under these adversed conditions by determining Ca absorption (CaAbn) and urinary calcium excretion (CaEx). 16 healthy individuals (12 girls, 4 boys) aged 9–17-y were recruited from Beijing during December. CaAbn was determined by a dual stable-isotope technique (44Ca and 42Ca) coupled with a Thermal-Ionization -Mass-Spectrometer. Mean ± The study showed that growing individuals with suboptimal vitamin D status are still capable of enhancing calcium absorption and reducing urinary calcium excretion to allow adequate bone Ca accretion.
