To evaluate the use of cutaneous marking of the sacrum for percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation. Iliosacral screw placement is dependent upon spatial perception, multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging, and an appreciation of pelvic anatomy which often makes learning the technique difficult for residents. Cutaneous marking of the sacrum may facilitate iliosacral screw insertion by providing additional cues to the orientation of the sacrum. A cross-over study design was used for placing iliosacral screws in whole cadaver specimens using standardized operative and imaging techniques with and without cutaneous sacral markings. Lateral fluoroscopic imaging and a radio-opaque straight edge were used to trace the lateral profile of the sacrum with a marking pen. Total procedure time and fluoroscopy time were recorded. A total of 14 residents (6 seniors and 8 juniors) each placed two iliosacral screw guide-wires in a total of seven whole cadavers (14 SI joints). Group 1 performed the procedure first with no markings and then with markings. Group 2 performed the procedure first with markings and then without markings. Statistical analysis included T test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, and Signed-Rank Test for Difference (p = 0.05). Participants also reported their opinions on each technique.Purpose
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