Medication prescribing patterns for patients with neuropathic low back-related leg pain (LBLP) in primary care are unknown. To estimate the proportion of patients prescribed pain medications, describe baseline characteristics of patients prescribed neuropathic pain (NP) medication and estimate the proportion of LBLP patients with refractory NP.Background
Purpose
There is a paucity of prognosis research in patients with neuropathic low back-related leg pain (LBLP) in primary care. To investigate the clinical course and prognostic factors in primary care LBLP patients consulting with neuropathic pain (NP).Background
Purpose
Patients with low back-related leg pain (LBLP) can present with neuropathic pain; it is not known but is often assumed that neuropathic pain persists over time. This research aimed to identify cases with neuropathic pain that persisted at short, intermediate and longer-term time points, in LBLP patients consulting in primary care. LBLP patients in a primary care cohort study (n=606) completed the self-report version of Leeds Assessment for Neurological Symptoms and Signs (s-LANSS, score of ≥12 indicates possible neuropathic pain) at baseline, 4-months, 12-months and 3-years. S-LANSS scores and percentages of patients with score of ≥12 are described at each time-point. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data.Background
Methods
Neuropathic pain is a challenging pain syndrome to manage. Low back-related leg pain (LBLP) is clinically diagnosed as either sciatica or referred leg pain and sciatica is often assumed to be neuropathic. Our aim was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in LBLP patients. Analysis of cross-sectional data from a prospective, primary care cohort of 609 LBLP patients. Patients completed questionnaires, and received clinical assessment including MRI. Neuropathic characteristics (NC) were measured using the self-report version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (SLANSS; score of ≥12 indicates pain with NC).Purpose of study and background
Methods
The beneficial effects of therapeutic hypothermia have been capitalised upon in fields such as cardiac surgery for several decades. Hypothermia not only slows metabolism and consumption of metabolic substrates, but also confers cellular protection against ischaemia and reperfusion. Hypothermia has historically been considered as something to avoid in trauma casualties, with coagulopathy being the main concern. There is now increasing evidence for the role of controlled therapeutic hypothermia in trauma, particularly improved functional outcomes following brain injury and the utility of ‘suspended animation’ or ‘emergency preservation’ in the resuscitation of severe haemorrhagic shock. With the ongoing ‘Eurotherm’ trial of hypothermia in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, and the imminent launch of the ‘Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation (EPR) for Cardiac Arrest From Trauma’ clinical trial in the USA, this presentation will provide a timely overview of the developments of therapeutic hypothermia in trauma management.
Following the invasion of Iraq in April 2003, Coalition forces have been conducting counter-insurgency operations in a bid to maintain security within the country. The improvised explosive device (IED) has become the weapon of choice of the terrorist and is the leading cause of death and injury amongst Coalition troops in the region. From Jan 2006, data was collected on 100 consecutive casualties who were either injured or killed during hostile action. Mechanism of injury, new Injury Severity Score (NISS), ICD-9 diagnosis and anatomical pattern of wounding was recorded in a trauma registry. During the study period, 53 casualties were injured by IEDs in 23 incidents (mean 2.3 casualties per incident). Twelve (22.6%) were killed or died of wounds. Mean NISS score of survivors was 5.4 (Range 1–50). There was no significant difference in NISS scores of survivors from fatal and non-fatal incidents. A mean 2.61 body regions were injured per casualty. Limb injuries were present in 45 (84.9%) of casualties, but primary blast injuries were seen in only 9 (14%). Twenty (48.7%) of survivors underwent surgery by British surgeons in the field hospital. Sixteen (39%) were deemed fit to return to duty after injury. IEDs used in Iraq do not follow the traditional pattern of injuries seen with conventional high explosives. Primary blast injuries were uncommon despite all casualties being in close proximity to the explosion. When the IED is detonated, an Explosive Formed Projectile (EFP) is formed which results in catastrophic injuries to casualties caught in its path, but causes relatively minor injuries to personnel sited adjacent to its trajectory. Enhanced vehicle protection may prevent the EFP from entering the passenger compartments and thereby reduce fatalities.
The conflict in Iraq has evolved from a conventional war in April 2003 to a guerrilla-based insurgency. We investigated whether this change altered the pattern of wounding and types of injuries seen in casualties presenting to a military field hospital. From January 2006 – October 2006, data was collected on all casualties who presented to the sole British field hospital in the region following injury from hostile action (HA). 86 casualties presented with injuries from hostile action (HA). 3 subsequently died of wounds (DOW – 3.5%). 46 (53.5%) casualties had their initial surgery performed by British military surgeons. 20 casualties (23.2%) sustained gunshot wounds, 63 (73.3%) suffered injuries from fragmentation weapons and 3 (3.5%) casualties sustained injury from blunt trauma. These casualties sustained a total 232 wounds (mean 2.38) affecting an average 2.4 anatomical locations per patient. The current insurgency illustrates the likely evolution of modern urban conflict. Discrete attacks from improvised explosive devices (IED’s) have become the predominant cause of injury. These tactics have been employed against both military and civilian targets. With the current threat from terrorism, both military and civilian surgeons should be aware of the spectrum and management of the injuries caused. Correspondence should be addressed to Major M Butler RAMC, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon.
