Stress shielding and wear induced aseptic loosening cause failure in arthroplasty surgery. To improve survivorship, the use of a low modulus, low wearing biomaterial may be a suitable alternative to hard bearing prostheses, such as cobalt chromium (CoCr). There has been considerable research interest in the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) based on observed clinical success especially in spinal surgery. This study investigated the wear performance of PEEK, carbon reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) and acetal as bearing materials in an all polymer total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a unidirectional pin on plate test. The following material combinations were tested: PEEK vs. UHMWPE, CFR-PEEK vs. UHMWPE, PEEK vs. PEEK, CFR-PEEK vs. PEEK, CoCr vs. UHMWPE, PEEK vs. XLPE, CFR-PEEK vs. CFR-PEEK, PEEK vs. Acetal, Acetal vs. XLPE and CoCr vs. XLPE.Tribological couples tested (Pin vs. Plate) Using a previously validated modification of ASTM F732, 20mm diameter spherically ended pins with a radius of 25mm were articulated against 40mm diameter plates. A load of 1000N was applied to generate a contact stress of about 70MPa similar to contact stresses previously reported in the knee. The lubricant used was 25% newborn calf serum containing 0.3% sodium azide to retard bacteria growth and 20mM EDTA to prevent calcium deposition. Three repeats of pin on plate combinations (including 2 passive soak controls) were tested for 2 million cycles at a cycle frequency of 1Hz and a stroke length of 10 mm. Gravimetric wear was analysed every 250,000 cycles and results converted to volumetric wear using material density.Background
Methods
Stress shielding and wear induced aseptic loosening cause failure in total joint arthroplasty. To improve long-term outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the use of a low modulus, low wearing biomaterial may be a suitable alternative to cobalt chromium (CoCr) femoral components. Based on its favorable mechanical properties and observed clinical success especially in spinal surgery, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is investigated as a candidate material for a metal free TKA. An all polymer TKA has several theoretical advantages, these include a more physiological stress in the distal femur, elimination of biological reaction to metal, better radiographic visualisation of the bone implant interface especially with CT and MRI. In addition, polymers afford a cheaper option for the manufacture of prostheses. This study investigated the wear performance of PEEK and carbon reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) as bearing materials in an all polymer TKA using a unidirectional pin on plate test. Our hypothesis was that reduced wear is generated from PEEK or CFR-PEEK bearings when compared with metal on polyethylene (MoP) bearings and that this combination may provide a suitable alternative in TKA.Introduction
Aims and Hypothesis
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) may be advantageous as an alternative material to metal alloys in some orthopaedic applications. However, it is bioinert and does not osseointegrate1. A novel accelerated neutral atom beam technique (ANAB) has been developed to improve the bioactivity of PEEK where the surface is modified to a depth of 5 nm without affecting the integrity of the underlying PEEK structure2. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs), adult human Osteoblasts (hOB) and skin Fibroblasts (BR3G) on PEEK and ANAB treated PEEK.Background
Aim
