Aims. In the UK, the NHS generates an estimated 25 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (4% to 5% of the nation’s total carbon emissions) and produces over 500,000 tonnes of waste annually. There is limited evidence demonstrating the principles of sustainability and its benefits within
Aims.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly growing across many domains, of which the medical field is no exception. AI is an umbrella term defining the practical application of algorithms to generate useful output, without the need of human cognition. Owing to the expanding volume of patient information collected, known as ‘big data’, AI is showing promise as a useful tool in healthcare research and across all aspects of patient care pathways. Practical applications in
The number of women entering medical school has been steadily increasing over the past two decades; however, the number of women pursuing careers in
Aims. The use of fluoroscopy in
Abstract. Introduction. The NHS generates 4–5% of the nation's total carbon emissions and over 500,000 tonnes of waste annually. Up to one-third of waste from orthopaedic procedures are recyclable, with large joint arthroplasties producing more than other subspecialties. However, there is limited evidence demonstrating the principles of sustainability and its benefits within
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) can have many uses for orthopaedic surgeons, such as assisting in clinical diagnosis for muscle, tendon and ligament injuries, providing direct guidance for joint injections, or assessing the adequacy of a reduction in the emergency department. However, proficiency in sonography is not a requirement for Royal College certification, and orthopaedic trainees are rarely exposed to this modality. The purpose of this project was to assess the usefulness in clinical education of a newly implemented MSK-US course in an
Aims. The purpose of this survey study was to examine the demographic and lifestyle factors of women currently in
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture caused by injury to the developing brain. While prematurity and low birth weight are common causes in developed countries, birth asphyxia, kernicterus, and infections have been identified as predominant aetiologies in Africa. There is, however, very little information on the aetiology of CP in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the aetiology, severity, and topographical distribution of CP in children undergoing
The 2020-2021 Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) match year was altered on an unprecedented scale. Visiting electives were cancelled at a national level, and the CaRMS interview tour was moved to a virtual model. These changes posed a significant challenge to both prospective students and program directors (PDs), requiring each party to employ alternative strategies to distinguish themselves throughout the match process. For a variety of reasons, including a decline in applicant interest secondary to reduced job prospects, the field of
Objectives. The aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the clinical level of evidence of commercially available demineralised bone matrix (DBM) products for their use in trauma and
The aim of this study was to review the role
of clinical trial networks in
Aims. Now that we are in the deceleration phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus has shifted to how to safely reinstate elective operating. Regional and speciality specific data is important to guide this decision-making process. This study aimed to review 30-day mortality for all patients undergoing
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become more frequently used in surgical specialties in recent years.
Abstract. Objectives. Sarcopenia is characterised by generalised progressive loss of physical performance, skeletal muscle mass and strength. This systematic review evaluated the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative functional recovery outcomes and mortality in patients undergoing
Introduction. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby a tissue is more tolerant to an insult if it is first subjected to short bursts of sublethal ischaemia and reperfusion. The potential of this powerful mechanism has been realised in many branches of medicine where there is an abundance of ongoing research. However, there has been a notable lack of development of the concept in
Introduction. There is widespread variation in the management of rare orthopaedic disease, in a large part owing to uncertainty. No individual surgeon or hospital is typically equipped to amass sufficient numbers of cases to draw robust conclusions from the information available to them. The programme of research will establish the British
The use of crude mortality and morbidity data to assess the outcome from surgical intervention can be both dangerous and misleading. Furthermore, differences in outcome when comparing differing units or surgeons may be explained merely by variations in case mix and the type of surgery. In recent years there have been a number of attempts to devise a reliable method for assessing the outcome from surgical intervention. In the general surgical setting, the POSSUM system has proved to be the most reliable and accurate of all scoring systems so far devised. It is widely applicable in other specialities as it allows comparison based on the patient’s physiological status and the magnitude of surgery. It could be used in any hospital, in elective and emergency operations. The present study attempted to validate the application of this new method of assessing the outcome after
Introduction: Surgical training is being greatly affected by the challenges of reduced training opportunities, shortened working hours, and financial pressures. There is thus an increased need for training systems to aid development of psychomotor skills of the surgical trainee. Furthermore, simulation environments can provide a friendlier and less hazardous environment for learning surgical skills. Such simulations may be used to augment training in the operating room (OR) so that trainees acquire key skills in a non-threatening and unhurried environment. Trajectory planning and implementation forms a substantial part of current and future orthopaedic practice. This type of surgery is governed by a basic orthopaedic principle where the placement of a surgical tool at a specific site within a region via a trajectory that is planned from X-ray based 2D images and is governed by 3D anatomical constraints. The accuracy and safety of procedures utilising the basic orthopaedic principle depends on the surgeon’s judgement, experience, ability to integrate images, utilisation of intra-operative X-ray, knowledge of anatomical-biomechanical constraints and eye hand dexterity. With the decrease in training opportunities in OR for the surgical trainee, these skills are developing at a much later stage in training. Several studies have shown a reduction in the number of operations undertaken and a reduction in the level of competence achieved by surgical trainees.
The study is divided into two parts. The initial part of the study involves the use of the conventional CAOSS to train the orthopaedic trainees with no prior exposure of distal locking of femoral nails and the dynamic hip screw. The second part of the study involves the use of modified CAOSS to assess whether the initial training has helped in developing mental navigation skills of using a 2-D image and navigating the drill bit in 3-D space. The scoring system is based on a combination of parameters which include the time taken for centring of the interlocking screw, total exposures taken and the improvement in the position of the tip of the drill bit with each exposure.
Excessive postoperative opioid prescribing is a significant contributor to the opioid crisis. Prescribing in