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Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 1, Issue 11 | Pages 289 - 296
1 Nov 2012
Savaridas T Wallace RJ Muir AY Salter DM Simpson AHRW

Objectives

Small animal models of fracture repair primarily investigate indirect fracture healing via external callus formation. We present the first described rat model of direct fracture healing.

Methods

A rat tibial osteotomy was created and fixed with compression plating similar to that used in patients. The procedure was evaluated in 15 cadaver rats and then in vivo in ten Sprague-Dawley rats. Controls had osteotomies stabilised with a uniaxial external fixator that used the same surgical approach and relied on the same number and diameter of screw holes in bone.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 85-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 176 - 176
1 Feb 2003
Srinivasan S Funk J Crandall J
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Fracture of the lateral process of the talus (FLPT) is one of the common, yet frequently missed, fractures in snow boarders and can cause severe long-term disability if not treated properly. This fracture has been thought to result from dorsiflexion and inversion combined with axial loading. This assumption is based on injury mechanism reported by patients and anatomical studies and has not been supported by experimental data. We have to understand the mechanism of fracture generation in order to identify potential preventive strategies in equipment design or snowboarding techniques. In order to understand the pathomechanics of FLPT generation we conducted dynamic impact tests on 19 fresh cadaver lower limbs. A test apparatus was constructed to deliver a pure inversion or eversion moment to the foot and ankle along the centre of rotation of the subtalar joint. An axial load of 2.5 kN was applied to all the legs. The legs were tested in four configurations: inversion with and without dorsiflexion, and eversion with and without dorsiflexion. All the specimens underwent post-test radiographic examination and a necropsy. Necropsy revealed various injuries including ligamental injuries, malleolar fractures, osteochondral fractures of the talus and joint subluxations. In this study, ten cadaveric leg specimens were subjected to inversion or eversion of an axially loaded and dorsiflexion ankle. Inversion failed to produce any LPT fractures in three injured specimens. However, all six specimens subjected to eversion sustained an LPT fracture. Eversion of an axially loaded and dorsiflexion ankle may be an important injury mechanism for LPT fracture in snowboarders


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 7, Issue 3 | Pages 205 - 212
1 Mar 2018
Lin Y Hall AC Simpson AHRW

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to create a novel ex vivo organ culture model for evaluating the effects of static and dynamic load on cartilage.

Methods

The metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 fresh cadaveric bovine feet were skinned and dissected aseptically, and cultured for up to four weeks. Dynamic movement was applied using a custom-made machine on six joints, with the others cultured under static conditions. Chondrocyte viability and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were evaluated by the cell viability probes, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, respectively.