Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of a tailored care pathway as an alternative to a standard joint care protocol in the postoperative in-hospital rehabilitation after total knee replacement (TKR) on clinically relevant outcome parameters. Methods. We monitored an orthopaedic department regarding postoperative rehabilitation after TKR on several outcome parameters throughout a period of 32 months, whilst introducing a new care pathway after 17 months. Outcome parameters were monitored and comprised: Time to get functionally recovered (in days), length of stay (in days) and destination of discharge. Key-differences between the joint care protocol and the new tailored pathway were: 1. determination of individual short term rehabilitation goals on the basis of a preoperative clinical prediction rule and postoperative monitoring of functional recovery, 2. Enhancement of expertise of and collaboration between health care professionals and 3. implementation of fast track rehabilitation. We compared the patients operated after implementation of the tailored care pathway with those who were treated according to the joint care protocol. Regression analysis was used to estimate differences between the two groups of patients while correcting for baseline differences in risk profile between the groups. Results. Introduction of the tailored care pathway decreased the length of stay on average from 5.2 days to 4.2 days, (p< 0.01). In addition, there was a 7% non-statistically significant reduction in the number of patients who required inpatient rehabilitation after hospital discharge. Conclusion. Introduction of the tailored care pathway reduced the mean length of stay by one day, whilst patient safety and satisfaction remained unaltered