Aims. Factors associated with high mortality rates in geriatric hip fracture patients are frequently unmodifiable. Time to surgery, however, might be a modifiable factor of interest to optimize clinical outcomes after hip fracture surgery. This study aims to determine the influence of postponement of surgery due to non-medical reasons on clinical outcomes in acute hip fracture surgery. Methods. This observational cohort study enrolled consecutively admitted patients with a proximal femoral fracture, for which surgery was performed between 1 January 2018 and 11 January 2021 in two level II trauma teaching hospitals. Patients with medical indications to postpone surgery were excluded. A total of 1,803 patients were included, of whom 1,428 had surgery < 24 hours and 375 had surgery ≥ 24 hours after admission. Results. Prolonged total length of stay was found when surgery was performed ≥ 24 hours (median 6 days (interquartile range (IQR) 4 to 9) vs 7 days (IQR 5 to 10); p = 0.001) after admission. No differences in postoperative length of hospital stay nor in 30-day mortality rates were found. In subgroup analysis for time frames of 12 hours each, pressure sores and urinary tract infections were diagnosed more frequently when time to surgery increased. Conclusion. Longer time to surgery due to non-medical reasons was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative pressure sores and urinary tract infections when time to surgery was more than 48 hours after admission. No association was found between time to surgery and 30-day mortality rates or postoperative length of hospital stay. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1369–1378

Aims. Displaced distal radius fractures were investigated at a level 1 major trauma centre during the COVID-19 2020 lockdown due to the implementation of temporary changes in practice. The primary aim was to establish if follow-up at one week in place of the 72-hour British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma & Orthopaedics (BOAST) guidance was safe following manipulation under anaesthetic. A parallel adaptation during lockdown was the non-expectation of Bier’s block. The secondary aim was to compare clinical outcomes with respect to block type. Methods. Overall, 90 patients were assessed in a cross-sectional cohort study using a mixed, retrospective-prospective approach. Consecutive sampling of 30 patients pre-lockdown (P1), 30 during lockdown (P2), and 30 during post-lockdown (P3) was applied. Type of block, operative status, follow-up, and complications were extracted. Primary endpoints were early complications (≤ one week). Secondary endpoints were later complications including malunion, delayed union or osteotomy. Results. In P1, 86.6% of patients were seen between days one to three, 26.7% in P2, and 56.7% in P3. There were no documented complications from days one to three. Operative rate was 35.5%, which did not vary significantly (p= 0.712). Primary endpoints occurred between day four to seven, and included one patient each period treated for plaster cast pain. Secondary endpoints in P1 included delayed union (one patient). During P2, this included malunion (one patient), a pressure sore (one patient) and ulnar cutaneous nerve symptoms (two patients). In P3, malunion was identified in one patient. Mean follow-up was six months (4 to 9) with union rate 96%. Change in block practice varied significantly (p =＜0.05). The risk ratio of complications using regional block (Bier’s) over haematoma block was 0.65. Conclusion. Follow-up adaptations during lockdown did not adversely affect patient outcomes. Regional anaesthesia is gold standard for manipulation of displaced distal radial fractures. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):338–343

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any significant difference in temporal measurements of pain, function and rates of re-tear for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) patients compared with those patients undergoing open RCR.

Aims. The objectives of this study were to investigate the patient characteristics and mortality of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) subgroups divided into two groups according to femoral component stability and to compare postoperative clinical outcomes according to treatment in Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures. Methods. A total of 126 Vancouver type B fractures were analyzed from 2010 to 2019 in 11 associated centres' database (named TRON). We divided the patients into two Vancouver type B subtypes according to implant stability. Patient demographics and functional scores were assessed in the Vancouver type B subtypes. We estimated the mortality according to various patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and revision arthroplasty (revision) groups in patients with unstable subtype. Results. The one-year mortality rate of the stable and unstable subtype of Vancouver type B was 9.4% and 16.4%. Patient demographic factors, including residential status and pre-injury mobility were associated with mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and Revision in either Vancouver B subtype. Patients treated with revision had significantly higher Parker Mobility Score (PMS) values (5.48 vs 3.43; p = 0.00461) and a significantly lower visual analogue scale (VAS) values (1.06 vs 1.94; p = 0.0399) for pain than ORIF in the unstable subtype. Conclusion. Among patients with Vancouver type B fractures, frail patients, such as those with worse scores for residential status and pre-injury mobility, had a high mortality rate. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and those treated with revision. However, in the unstable subtype, the PMS and VAS values at the final follow-up examination were significantly better in patients who received revision. Based on postoperative activities of daily life, we therefore recommend evision in instances when either treatment option is feasible. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(1):38–46

Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the impact of associated psychological co-morbidities (Depression/Anxiety), smoking history, gender, work benefits and employment status on the clinical outcome following anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR). Materials and Methods. We included in our study 100 patients who underwent ACDR in our Spinal Unit (between May 2006 – May 2010). We used as clinical outcome measures: Visual Analogue Score for neck pain (VAS-NP) and arm pain (VAS-AP), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Bodily Pain (SF36-BP) component of the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Statistics were obtained using SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Independent sample t-test for normally distributed data and Man-Whitney U test for non-parametric data were used. Statistical significance was designated at p < 0.05. Results. There were 48 males and 52 females. Average age at operation was 52.96 years (Range 38-80) for males and 49.79 years (Range 31-71) for females. Average duration of follow up was 14.4 months (Range 6-35). Out of 100 patients, 28 patients had a history of anxiety/depression, 19 patients were smokers, 47 were actively working and 23 were receiving work benefits. We found that gender, smoking status, associated co-morbidities, working and benefit status had no statistically significant contribution to clinical outcome measures in the follow up period. For example, in the sub-group of non-smokers versus smokers, there was no significant difference in NDI (p=0.78), VAS-AP (p=0.12), SF-BP (p= 0.83) and VAS-NP (p=0.08). Conclusion. We conclude that in our study there was no statistically significant contribution of the associated psychosocial factors on the clinical outcomes following ACDR

Aims. Adult patients with history of childhood infection pose a surgical challenge for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to distorted bony anatomy, soft-tissue contractures, risk of reinfection, and relatively younger age. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine clinical outcome, reinfection rate, and complications in patients with septic sequelae after THA. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 91 cementless THAs (57 male and 34 female) performed between 2008 and 2017 in patients who had history of hip infection during childhood. Clinical outcome was measured using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel (MAP) score, and quality of life (QOL) using 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12) components: Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS); limb length discrepancy (LLD) and radiological assessment of the prosthesis was performed at the latest follow-up. Reinfection and revision surgery after THA for any reason was documented. Results. There was significant improvement in HHS, Modified Merle d’Aubigne Postel hip score, and QOL index SF 12-PCS and MCS (p < 0.001) and there was no case of reinfection reported during the follow-up. The minimum follow-up for the study was three years with a mean of 6.5 (SD 2.3; 3 to 12). LLD decreased from a mean of 3.3 cm (SD 1) to 0.9 cm (SD 0.8) during follow-up. One patient required revision surgery for femoral component loosening. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated revision-free survivorship of 100% at the end of five years and 96.9% (95% confidence interval 79.8 to 99.6) at the end of ten years. Conclusion. We found that cementless THA results in good to excellent functional outcomes in patients with a prior history of childhood infection. There is an exceedingly low rate of risk of reinfection in these patients, even though complications are not uncommon. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):314–320

Aims. The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification has been developed to predict individual variations in inherent knee alignment. The impact of preoperative and postoperative CPAK classification phenotype on the postoperative clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of postoperative CPAK classification phenotypes (I to IX), and their pre- to postoperative changes on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods. A questionnaire was administered to 340 patients (422 knees) who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) between September 2013 and June 2019. A total of 231 patients (284 knees) responded. The ­Knee Society Score 2011 (KSS 2011), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-12 (KOOS-12), and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) were used to assess clinical outcomes. Using preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior full-leg radiographs, the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) and joint line obliquity (JLO) were calculated and classified based on the CPAK classification. To investigate the impact on PROMs, multivariable regression analyses using stepwise selection were conducted, considering factors such as age at surgery, time since surgery, BMI, sex, implant use, postoperative aHKA classification, JLO classification, and changes in aHKA and JLO classifications from preoperative to postoperative. Results. The preoperative and postoperative CPAK classifications were predominantly phenotype I (155 knees; 55%) and phenotype V (73 knees; 26%), respectively. The change in the preoperative to postoperative aHKA classification was a significant negative predictive factor for KOOS-12 and FJS-12, while postoperative apex proximal JLO was a significant negative predictive factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12. Conclusion. In primary TKA for OA, preoperative and postoperative CPAK phenotypes were associated with PROMs. Alteration in varus/valgus alignment from preoperative to postoperative was recognized as a negative predictive factor for both KOOS-12 and FJS-12. Moreover, the postoperative apex proximal JLO was identified as a negative factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12. Determining the target alignment for each preoperative phenotype with reproducibility could improve PROMs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1059–1066

Aims. Isolated fractures of the ulnar diaphysis are uncommon, occurring at a rate of 0.02 to 0.04 per 1,000 cases. Despite their infrequency, these fractures commonly give rise to complications, such as nonunion, limited forearm pronation and supination, restricted elbow range of motion, radioulnar synostosis, and prolonged pain. Treatment options for this injury remain a topic of debate, with limited research available and no consensus on the optimal approach. Therefore, this trial aims to compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of two treatment methods: open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus nonoperative treatment in patients with isolated ulnar diaphyseal fractures. Methods. This will be a multicentre, open-label, parallel randomized clinical trial (under National Clinical Trial number NCT01123447), accompanied by a parallel prospective cohort group for patients who meet the inclusion criteria, but decline randomization. Eligible patients will be randomized to one of the two treatment groups: 1) nonoperative treatment with closed reduction and below-elbow casting; or 2) surgical treatment with ORIF utilizing a limited contact dynamic compression plate and screw construct. The primary outcome measured will be the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score at 12 months post-injury. Additionally, functional outcomes will be assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and pain visual analogue scale, allowing for a comparison of outcomes between groups. Secondary outcome measures will encompass clinical outcomes such as range of motion and grip strength, radiological parameters including time to union, as well as economic outcomes assessed from enrolment to 12 months post-injury. Ethics and dissemination. This trial has been approved by the lead site Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (CHREB; REB14-2004) and local ethics boards at each participating site. Findings from the trial will be disseminated through presentations at regional, national, and international scientific conferences and public forums. The primary results and secondary findings will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):411–418

Aims. Instability is a common cause of failure after total hip arthroplasty. A novel reverse total hip has been developed, with a femoral cup and acetabular ball, creating enhanced mechanical stability. The purpose of this study was to assess the implant fixation using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), and the clinical safety and efficacy of this novel design. Methods. Patients with end-stage osteoarthritis were enrolled in a prospective cohort at a single centre. The cohort consisted of 11 females and 11 males with mean age of 70.6 years (SD 3.5) and BMI of 31.0 kg/m. 2. (SD 5.7). Implant fixation was evaluated using RSA as well as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, 38-item Short Form survey, and EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire scores at two-year follow-up. At least one acetabular screw was used in all cases. RSA markers were inserted into the innominate bone and proximal femur with imaging at six weeks (baseline) and six, 12, and 24 months. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare to published thresholds. Results. Mean acetabular subsidence from baseline to 24 months was 0.087 mm (SD 0.152), below the critical threshold of 0.2 mm (p = 0.005). Mean femoral subsidence from baseline to 24 months was -0.002 mm (SD 0.194), below the published reference of 0.5 mm (p < 0.001). There was significant improvement in patient-reported outcome measures at 24 months with good to excellent results. Conclusion. RSA analysis demonstrates excellent fixation with a predicted low risk of revision at ten years of this novel reverse total hip system. Clinical outcomes were consistent with safe and effective hip replacement prostheses. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):385–392

Aims. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine if there are differences in short-term clinical outcomes among four different types of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Methods. A total of 88 patients (mean age 34 years (SD 10.03), mean BMI 25 kg/m. 2. (SD 3.51)) with full-thickness chondral lesions of the tibiofemoral joint who underwent MACT were included in this study. Clinical examinations were performed preoperatively and 24 months after transplantation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, the Brittberg score, the Tegner Activity Scale, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The Kruskal-Wallis test by ranks was used to compare the clinical scores of the different transplant types. Results. The mean defect size of the tibiofemoral joint compartment was 4.28 cm. 2. (SD 1.70). In total, 11 patients (12.6%) underwent transplantation with Chondro-Gide (matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI)), 40 patients (46.0%) with Hyalograft C (HYAFF), 21 patients (24.1%) with Cartilage Regeneration System (CaReS), and 15 patients (17.2%) with NOVOCART 3D. The mean IKDC Subjective Knee Form score improved from 35.71 (SD 6.44) preoperatively to 75.26 (SD 18.36) after 24 months postoperatively in the Hyalograft group, from 35.94 (SD 10.29) to 71.57 (SD 16.31) in the Chondro-Gide (MACI) group, from 37.06 (SD 5.42) to 71.49 (SD 6.76) in the NOVOCART 3D group, and from 45.05 (SD 15.83) to 70.33 (SD 19.65) in the CaReS group. Similar improvements were observed in the VAS and Brittberg scores. Conclusion. Two years postoperatively, there were no significant differences in terms of outcomes. Our data demonstrated that MACT, regardless of the implants used, resulted in good clinical improvement two years after transplantation for localized tibiofemoral defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):370–379

Aims. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in patellar height and clinical outcomes at a mean follow-up of 7.7 years (5 to 10) after fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA). Methods. We retrospectively evaluated knee radiographs of 165 knees, which underwent fixed-bearing PS-TKA with patella resurfacing. The incidence of patella baja and changes in patellar height over a minimum of five years of follow-up were determined using Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR) measurement. We examined whether patella baja (ISR < 0.8) at final follow-up affected clinical outcomes, knee joint range of motion (ROM), and Knee Society Score (KSS). We also assessed inter- and intrarater reliability of ISR measurements and focused on the relationship between patellar height reduction beyond measurement error and clinical outcomes. Results. The ISR gradually decreased over five years after TKA, and finally 33 patients (20.0%) had patella baja. Patella baja at the final follow-up was not related to passive knee ROM or KSS. Interestingly, when we divided into two groups - patella baja and patella normal-alta (ISR ≥ 0.8) - the patella baja group already had a lower patellar height before surgery, compared with the patella normal-alta group. The ISR measurement error in this study was 0.17. Both passive knee flexion and KSS were significantly decreased in the group with a decrease in ISR of ≥ 0.17 at final follow-up. Conclusion. Patellar height gradually decreased over five years of follow-up after TKA. The reduction in patellar height beyond measurement error following TKA was associated with lower clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1075–1081

Proximal Humeral fractures are common injuries that are difficult to treat satisfactorily despite the variety of operative and conservative treatment options that are available. To make any real sense of the literature concerning the treatment of these injuries, it is important that the tools that clinicians use to assess clinical outcomes accurately reflect each patient’s level of symptoms and function. Aim: To assess how well commonly used subjective, and composite clinical scoring systems reflect patients’ perceptions of pain and functional recovery. Methods: We invited all patients who had sustained a proximal humeral fracture that had been treated using a PHILOS (Synthes) Locking plate to attend for review. All patients were reviewed at a minimum of 14 months following surgery by which time they had all been discharged from regular clinical review months before. All patients completed subjective Visual Numerical Scales (VNSs) for pain, and for function, that were used to compare more commonly used shoulder/upper limb scores (UCLA, Modified Constant, Oxford, and Quick DASH scores). Results: 33 patients were available for review. 55% were women. Age range 25–83 years (Ave. 57 years). Timing of review after index procedure (Range 14–58 months, ave. 30 months). Patients appeared to find the numerical VNSs easier to understand, and interestingly, analysis of the pain component of the each of the commonly used scores were answered inconsistently when the scores were compared. With respect to patient perception of pain and subjective level of function, both the Oxford and Quick DASH scores consistently overscored both parameters placing the majority of patients in higher (clinically better) categories, while the Constant score underscored the majority of patients placing them in lower categories (satisfactory or poor). The UCLA score was marginally better than the Constant score in relation to the VNSs for pain and function. Discussion: Despite our dependence upon the more commonly used Clinical Outcome Scoring systems to help guide us with choosing the best treatment options for our patients with proximal humeral fractures, our study confirms our suspicions that none of these outcome scores truly reflect our patients perception of function and pain. In addition, the terminology and sentence structure that is used in all of the commonly used scoring systems may bias the results by confusing many of our patients. Conclusion: Currently, none of our commonly used shoulder outcome scores truly reflect the clinical outcome of patients who have sustained proximal humeral fractures. Instead, it may be better to use subjective VNSs that are easy for patients to understand and are quick to use

Aims. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a bone-preserving treatment option for osteoarthritis localized to a single compartment in the knee. The success of the procedure is sensitive to patient selection and alignment errors. Robotic arm-assisted UKA provides technological assistance to intraoperative bony resection accuracy, which is thought to improve ligament balancing. This paper presents the five-year outcomes of a comparison between manual and robotically assisted UKAs. Methods. The trial design was a prospective, randomized, parallel, single-centre study comparing surgical alignment in patients undergoing UKA for the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis (ISRCTN77119437). Participants underwent surgery using either robotic arm-assisted surgery or conventional manual instrumentation. The primary outcome measure (surgical accuracy) has previously been reported, and, along with secondary outcomes, were collected at one-, two-, and five-year timepoints. Analysis of five-year results and longitudinal analysis for all timepoints was performed to compare the two groups. Results. Overall, 104 (80%) patients of the original 130 who received surgery were available at five years (55 robotic, 49 manual). Both procedures reported successful results over all outcomes. At five years, there were no statistical differences between the groups in any of the patient reported or clinical outcomes. There was a lower reintervention rate in the robotic arm-assisted group with 0% requiring further surgery compared with six (9%) of the manual group requiring additional surgical intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusion. This study has shown excellent clinical outcomes in both groups with no statistical or clinical differences in the patient-reported outcome measures. The notable difference was the lower reintervention rate at five years for roboticarm-assisted UKA when compared with a manual approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1088–1095

Tendon healing is a complex process that often results in compromised healing of the tendon tissue. It has recently been shown that temporal changes in the expression profile and the histological tissue quality of the tendons occur during the early healing process after acute Achilles tendon rupture. Whether these changes are accompanied by an altered healing process, is not yet known and was the aim of the present study. Tendon biopsies were obtained from 24 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture at the time of surgery (2–9 days after rupture) and examined histologically as well as on RNA level. Histologically, the tendon architecture, the amount of aligned collagen, glycosaminoglycan and fat as well as the cellularity, vascularity and immune cell infiltration were determined. On RNA level the expression of markers for the modeling/remodeling (MMPs and TIMPs), collagens (1, 3, 5), tendon markers (scleraxis, tenomodulin), pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-1beta, IL6, IL10, IL33, TNFa, TGF-beta1, COX2) and immune cell markers (CD3, CD68, CD80, CD206) were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. To determine the clinical outcome, the patients were followed up 12 months after the operation and the following scores were recorded: Subjective score, Tegner score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain, VAS function, Matles Test, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), Therman 100-points score, Heel rise test. Statistics: Spearman correlation analysis. Correlation analysis shows that early post-rupture surgery is associated with better clinical outcome (ATRS Score: p=0.022). Histologically, a good functional healing outcome shows a positive correlation to the amount of aligned collagen (Heel Rise Test: p = 0.009) and glycosaminoglycans in the tendon (Heel Rise Test: p = 0.026, Matles difference: p = 0.029), as well as a negative correlation to the fat content (Thermann score: p = 0.018, subjective score: p = 0.027, VAS function: p = 0.031). On RNA level, a good healing outcome correlates with increased expression of MMP13, collagen 1, 3, 5 (Heel Rise Test: p = 0.019, p = 0.048, p = 0.030), and TIMP2 (Tegner Score: p = 0.040), TGF-beta1 (Thermann Score: p = 0.032) and CD80 (ATRS: p = 0.025, Thermann score:, p = 0.032). Whereas a limited healing outcome is associated with an increased expression of MMP2 (Heel Rise Test: p = 0.033), MMP3 (Matles Test: p=0.001, Heal Rise test p = 0.017), and IL33 (Tegner Score: p = 0.047). The results of the study show a clear relationship between the tendon biology at the time of the surgery and the clinical and functional healing outcome 12 months after the operation. Especially matrix formation and remodeling play a crucial role, while the examined immunological factors seem to influence the tendon healing to a lesser extent. The modulation of matrix formation could potentially lead to improved treatment options in the future

Aims. Intraoperative pressure sensors allow surgeons to quantify soft-tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether using sensors to achieve soft-tissue balance was more effective than manual balancing in improving outcomes in TKA. Methods. A multicentre randomized trial compared the outcomes of sensor balancing (SB) with manual balancing (MB) in 250 patients (285 TKAs). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in the four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (ΔKOOS. 4. ) in the two groups, comparing the preoperative and two-year scores. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative balance data, additional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and functional measures. Results. There was no significant difference in ΔKOOS. 4. between the two groups at two years (mean difference 0.4 points (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.6 to 5.4); p = 0.869), and multiple regression found that SB was not associated with a significant ΔKOOS. 4. (0.2-point increase (95% CI -5.1 to 4.6); p = 0.924). There were no significant differences between groups in other PROMs. Six-minute walking distance was significantly increased in the SB group (mean difference 29 metres; p = 0.015). Four-times as many TKAs were unbalanced in the MB group (36.8% MB vs 9.4% SB; p < 0.001). Irrespective of group assignment, no differences were found in any PROM when increasing ICPD thresholds defined balance. Conclusion. Despite improved quantitative soft-tissue balance, the use of sensors intraoperatively did not differentially improve the clinical or functional outcomes two years after TKA. These results question whether a more precisely balanced TKA that is guided by sensor data, and often achieved by more balancing interventions, will ultimately have a significant effect on clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):604–612

Ankle arthrodesis and replacement are the widely accepted options in managing end-stage ankle arthritis. Ankle replacement as an alternate treatment option for ankle arthritis is relatively new and this is in large part to the successes observed with hip and knee arthroplasty for arthritis. Relative benefits of ankle replacement and arthrodesis remains a contentious topic. We conducted a multicenter pilot randomized controlled trial, first of its kind, comparing the clinical outcomes of ankle arthrodesis and ankle replacement in managing ankle arthritis. We hypothesized that clinical outcomes would be similar for both. Patients recruited for this study were part of Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (COFAS) Database. Canadian orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training in foot and ankle surgery or extensive experience in the surgical treatment of end stage ankle arthritis determined whether the patient met the criteria for randomization, skeletal maturity, symptomatic ankle arthritis no longer amenable to non-operative management, and ability to give informed consent. Data was collected on patient demographics, follow-up time period, complication rates, and Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores. Our analysis of clinical outcomes was divided into two parts: (1) comparison of pre and postoperative data for each cohort separately, and (2) comparison of outcome scores, and revision rates between both cohorts. We employed the Student's t-test and calculated effect sizes in assessing improvements in AOS and SF-36 scores from baseline to latest follow-up within and between the two groups. We also examined postoperative complication and reoperation rates in the study population using the standardized coding system for reoperations following ankle replacement and arthrodesis. Thirty-nine ankles were enrolled in the study with a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.8 years. Ankle osteoarthritis scale scores improved significantly from baseline and last follow-up in both groups. The average baseline AOS total score for ankle replacement improved from 59.4 ±15.9 to 38 ±20 at last follow-up (p-value 19.7 to 31.8 ±16.5 at last follow-up (p-value 25.4 compared to ankle replacement's 20.3 ±23. Two major complications (10.5%) were observed in the ankle replacement cohort while the ankle arthrodesis cohort saw four major complications (20%). Clinical outcomes of ankle replacement and arthrodesis were comparable. The ankle arthrodesis cohort held a slight advantage over ankle replacement in improvement of AOS scores, though not statistically significant. Rates of major complications and reoperations were higher with ankle arthrodesis

Aims. Scapular notching is thought to have an adverse effect on the outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). However, the matter is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical impact of scapular notching on outcomes after RTSA. Methods. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE) were searched for studies which evaluated the influence of scapular notching on clinical outcome after RTSA. The quality of each study was assessed. Functional outcome scores (the Constant-Murley scores (CMS), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores), and postoperative range of movement (forward flexion (FF), abduction, and external rotation (ER)) were extracted and subjected to meta-analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). Results. In all, 11 studies (two level III and nine level IV) were included in the meta-analysis. All analyzed variables indicated that scapular notching has a negative effect on the outcome of RTSA . Statistical significance was found for the CMS (WMD –3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) –4.98 to –1.23), the ASES score (WMD –6.50; 95% CI –10.80 to –2.19), FF (WMD –6.3°; 95% CI –9.9° to –2.6°), and abduction (WMD –9.4°; 95% CI –17.8° to –1.0°), but not for ER (WMD –0.6°; 95% CI –3.7° to 2.5°). Conclusion. The current literature suggests that patients with scapular notching after RTSA have significantly worse results when evaluated by the CMS, ASES score, and range of movement in flexion and abduction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(11):1438–1445

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) following isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with those following ACLR and concomitant meniscal resection or repair.

Injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is one of the known complications after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) using anterior approach. We previously reported that the incidence of LFCN injury was 48% at 1 year after PAO. However, there was no study examining the sequential changes of LFCN injury status. In this study, we performed a prospective over 3-year follow-up study as to the incidence of LFCN injury as well as its clinical outcomes. This study included 40 consecutive hips in 40 patients (3 males and 37 females) who underwent PAO from May 2016 to July 2018. The mean age at surgery was 36.7 years (17 to 60). The mean observation period was 47.3 months (36 to 69). The incidence and severity of LFCN injury was evaluated, while clinical scores, including the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), were also investigated. At 3 years after PAO, LFCN injury was observed in 13 of 40 (33%) patients, in which 7 patients who had a symptom at 1 year have completely recovered. There was no significant difference in the HHS and SF-36 between patients with and without LFCN injury at 3 years. Regarding the JHEQ, a significant difference was recognized in the patient satisfaction and mental score between patients with and without LFCN injury, but there were no significant differences in the other clinical scores. The incidence of LFCN injury gradually decreased to 33% at 3 years after CPO. LFCN injury did not influence the clinician-reported outcome, while it had a negative impact on patient satisfaction and mental score based on the patient-reported outcome

Aims. For rare cases when a tumour infiltrates into the hip joint, extra-articular resection is required to obtain a safe margin. Endoprosthetic reconstruction following tumour resection can effectively ensure local control and improve postoperative function. However, maximizing bone preservation without compromising surgical margin remains a challenge for surgeons due to the complexity of the procedure. The purpose of the current study was to report clinical outcomes of patients who underwent extra-articular resection of the hip joint using a custom-made osteotomy guide and 3D-printed endoprosthesis. Methods. We reviewed 15 patients over a five-year period (January 2017 to December 2022) who had undergone extra-articular resection of the hip joint due to malignant tumour using a custom-made osteotomy guide and 3D-printed endoprosthesis. Each of the 15 patients had a single lesion, with six originating from the acetabulum side and nine from the proximal femur. All patients had their posterior column preserved according to the surgical plan. Results. Postoperative pathological assessment revealed a negative surgical margin was achieved in all patients. At final follow-up, 13.3% (2/15) died and no recurrence occurred. The overall survival was 81.7% at five years. None of the patients showed any signs of aseptic loosening, and no wound healing issues were observed. In total, 20% (3/15) developed complications, with two cases of early hip dislocation and one case of deep infection. The cumulative incidence of mechanical and non-mechanical failure in this series was 13.7% and 9.3%, respectively, at five years. In this cohort, the mean time to full weightbearing was 5.89 (SD 0.92) weeks and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 24.1 (SD 4.4). Conclusion. For patients with a hip joint tumour who met the inclusion criteria and were deemed suitable for posterior column preservation, a custom-made osteotomy guide combined with 3D-printed endoprosthesis is worth performing when treating patients who require extra-articular resection of the hip joint, as it can achieve adequate margin for local control, maximize bone preservation to maintain pelvic ring integrity, reduce the risk of complications by simplifying the surgical procedure, and allow for more precise reconstruction for better function. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(11):1027–1036