Aims. Surgical approaches to cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remain controversial. The purpose of the present study was to analyze and compare the long-term neurological recovery following
The February 2013 Spine Roundup. 360 . looks at: complications with
A retrospective review, comparing outcome following circumferential versus
Patient presenting with clinically significant cervical spinal cord compression have a variety of surgical strategies that may be appropriate. The common denominator for successful intervention is satisfactory decompression of the neural elements, while avoiding early or late complications. In general, one may think of situations with one or two motion segment involvement versus three or more foci of compression. As most applicable cervical pathology causes anterior cord compression, the logic of direct anterior decompression is very compelling. Thus
Introduction. Aim was to compare the functional outcome of
Introduction. Aim was to compare the functional outcome of
Purpose: When we treat burst fractures, we try to preserve the movable vertebra as much as possible and see to it that the instrument can be extracted finally. We have performed short-segment posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for cases with no neurological symptoms, and combined short-segment posterior spinal instrumentation and
Background: Cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy has been treated commonly with
Injuries of the cervical spine can be classified into six categories according to a mechanistic system describing the biomechanical deficiencies incurred in a cervical spine injury. However high velocity flexion compression loads cause multiple contiguous and noncontiguous fractures due to multiple force vectors. A universal classification system cannot be applied. Instability exists if there is greater than 3.5 mm of translation or greater than 11 degrees of angulation as compared to other segments. The degree of ligamentous injury on MRI correlates with instability in patients with lateral mass facet fractures, with rupture of multiple ligaments including the anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, interspinous, or facet capsule. Patients with less than 13 mm of narrowing of the sagittal canal are predisposed to neurologic injury. Vertical compression injuries cause canal occlusion and vertebral column shortening. The timing of surgery in cases of spinal cord injury is controversial. There is no difference in outcome between early (<
72 hours) and late (>
5 days) surgery. However, there remains at least a theoretical benefit to early surgery. Compression-flexion injuries result in loss of the anterior column by compression followed by the posterior column in distraction. The injury is considered unstable if there is a vertical cleavage fracture of the vertebral body or displacement. Treatment includes a cervical orthosis or halo for minor injuries, depending on the degree of kyphosis. Major injuries with displacement should be treated surgically by anterior corpectomy and plate or an anterior/posterior fusion, depending on the degree of posterior instability. The most common level of vertical-compression injuries is at the C6 or C7 level. Minimally displaced injuries can be treated with a collar or halo. Fragmentation and peripheral displacement of the bony fragments needs a halo followed by surgery and this may include an anterior corpectomy and plating. Distraction-flexion injuries may result in facet sub-luxation with less than 25% displacement, or dislocation of one (UFD) or both (BFD) facet joints. When there is 3 mm of translation (25%), the canal is occluded 20–25%. With 6mm of translation (50%), there is 40–50% canal occlusion. MRI can help analyse the soft tissue and ligamentous injuries. In UFD, all posterior ligamentous structures including joint capsule, and half the disc annulus are disrupted. Disruption of ALL and PLL is not necessary to create a UFD. In addition to the posterior structures, the ALL, the PLL and disc are disrupted in BFD. Rupture of the intervertebral disc may include posterior herniation or circumferential disruption. All distraction flexion injuries should be reduced closed. The necessity of a preoperative MRI is undetermined. Preoperative MRI is recommended if there is an unreliable exam due to the patient being uncooperative, if there is neurological worsening with, or failure of closed reduction. If the patient is neurologically intact and closed reduction successful, a posterior cervical fusion is advocated if there is no evidence of an extruded disc on the post reduction MRI. If the closed reduction failed, or MRI indicated, and there is no evidence of a herniated disc, an open posterior reduction followed by fusion is performed. Anterior discectomy with reduction, a graft and a plate is performed for a herniated disc. Compression-extension injuries fail by compression of the posterior elements followed by distraction of the anterior elements. There are unilateral or bilateral fractures of the laminae/neural arch with degrees of displacement. Undisplaced neural arch fractures can be treated with a cervical orthosis or halo. Displaced neural arch fractures are treated with a posterior cervical fusion. There are two stages in the distraction-extension injury group. The anterior longitudinal ligament is disrupted with possibly a transverse fracture of the body. With more major injuries, there is a significant displacement injuring the posterior column. Stage 1 injuries can be treated with a halo and Stage 2 with an
Objective:. To observe the incidence of intra-operative vascular injuries during
Introduction: In comparison to
The cervical spine is the most vulnerable segment in high velocity injuries. Bifacet dislocations are associated with significant soft tissue damage and neurological deficit. Management of delayed presentation of cervical facet dislocations, which are not uncommon, is varied. The aims of this study are to create awareness and to develop a management strategy. We retrospectively reviewed 14 patients (10 men and four women) with chronic dislocations treated over 4 years. The mean age was 42.5 years (23 to 62). The delay in presentation ranged from 15 to 135 days. Seven patients had neurological deficit. All patients underwent CT scan and MRI. Common areas of involvement were C6/7 (five patients) and C5/6 (four patients). Associated fracture of posterior elements was identified in 40% of patients. In two patients sequestrated disc ruptured into the canal. All patients underwent surgical reduction and stabilisation, with eight having one-stage and six two-stage surgery. The sequence of one-stage surgery was posterior release, reduction (facet reduction/facetectomy), anterior discectomy and anterior fusion. In three patients with sequestrated discs, anterior decompression preceded posterior release and finally anterior fusion. The six patients who had staged surgery had a prolonged delay (over 3 months) in presentation. Posterior release was followed by an anterior decompression, then a 7 to 10-day period of traction reduction and finally anterior fusion. None of our patients developed neurological deficit. Three patients improved from Frankel-C to Frankel-D. We recommend that the sequence of surgery should be posterior release/reduction and then
The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of rhBMP-2 when applied to an absorbable collagen sponge for interbody fusion with allograft spacers. Seventy-seven consecutive patients requiring inter-body fusion with one hundred and eighteen levels were included in the study. In thirty-six patients cervical or lumbar interbody fusions were performed using allograft and rhBMP-2. In the remaing allograft was used with demineralised bone matrix. In patients undergoing
The aim of this paper is to describe the impact of COVID-19 on spine surgery services in a district general hospital in England in order to understand the spinal service provisions that may be required during a pandemic. A prospective cohort study was undertaken between 17 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 and compared with retrospective data from same time period in 2019. We compared the number of patients requiring acute hospital admission or orthopaedic referrals and indications of referrals from our admission sheets and obtained operative data from our theatre software.Aims
Methods
Background: Smaller versions of threaded lumbar cages were developed for cervical spine to obviate the need for allograft, iliac autograft use and to provide initial stability before fusion. Clinical trials of threaded cervical fusion cages have shown higher fusion rates and lower rates of graft-donor site complications. Study design/Aims: Prospective. Radiological and clinical outcomes of an age, sex and diagnosis matched patient population who underwent cervical fusion with (A) BAK/C cages filled with autograft reamings (Center-pulse Spine-tech Inc., Minneapolis, MN) (N=50) were compared with (B)
Introduction.
Introduction: While
The February 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Paracetamol use for lower back pain; En-bloc resection of vertebra reported for the first time; Spinopelvic disassociation under the spotlight; Hope for back pain; Disc replacement and ACDF equivalent in randomised study; Interspinous process devices ineffective