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Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 2 | Pages 49 - 59
1 Feb 2020
Recalcitrant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of bone cells: Intracellular penetration and control strategies
Yu K Song L Kang HP Kwon H Back J Lee FY
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Aims

To characterize the intracellular penetration of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the antibiotic and detergent susceptibility of MRSA in bone.

Methods

Time-lapse confocal microscopy was used to analyze the interaction of MRSA strain USA300 with primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of early and delayed antibiotic treatments on intracellular and extracellular bacterial colony formation and cell death were quantified. We tested the effects of cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and ampicillin, as well as agents used in surgical preparation and irrigation.

Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 7 | Pages 394 - 401
1 Jul 2020
Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis
Blirup-Plum SA Bjarnsholt T Jensen HE Kragh KN Aalbæk B Gottlieb H Bue M Jensen LK
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Aims

CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model.

Methods

Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention.

Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 7, Issue 7 | Pages 457 - 467
1 Jul 2018
A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis
Smith IDM Milto KM Doherty CJ Amyes SGB Simpson AHRW Hall AC
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Objectives

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most commonly implicated organism in septic arthritis, a condition that may be highly destructive to articular cartilage. Previous studies investigating laboratory and clinical strains of S. aureus have demonstrated that potent toxins induced significant chondrocyte death, although the precise toxin or toxins that were involved was unknown. In this study, we used isogenic S. aureus mutants to assess the influence of alpha (Hla)-, beta (Hlb)-, and gamma (Hlg)-haemolysins, toxins considered important for the destruction of host tissue, on in situ bovine chondrocyte viability.

Methods

Bovine cartilage explants were cultured with isogenic S. aureus mutants and/or their culture supernatants. Chondrocyte viability was then assessed within defined regions of interest in the axial and coronal plane following live- and dead-cell imaging using the fluorescent probes 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, respectively, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.

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