Abstract
1. The true deformity of kyphoscoliosis has received little attention. Twenty-one deformities of congenital origin, ten idiopathic, and two secondary to neurofibromatosis, are discussed. The diagnosis is established and usually first suspected by radiography.
2. The deformity was severe and progressive except in three cases; paraplegia occurred in five congenital cases.
3. Early correction and fusion are advocated in the hope of preventing paraplegia and because correction of the old-established deformity is difficult or impossible.